Chen Pu studied hard in his childhood and read four books and five classics. When I grow up, I devote myself to Zhu's Neo-Confucianism. At the beginning of Xianchun, Han Yifu, a scholar of Suzhou University, studied at Chongde College in eastern Zhejiang, and Han Yifu betrothed his daughter Yuchan to him.
In the seventh year of Xianchun (127 1), Mongolian soldiers went south, and Chen Pu lived in seclusion in Shitangshan, where he lived in poverty all day.
In the 16th year of Yuan Dynasty (1279), when the Song Dynasty perished, Chen Pu claimed to be a follower of the Song Dynasty and vowed not to be an official. Yuan Ting hired him as a professor in Fujian three times, but he refused to resign. He set up a museum in Renfeng Temple in Shitangshan (now Wenfeng Village, Hubei Township) to advocate learning and recruit apprentices. Students from all over the world range from tourists to hundreds of years old. In teaching, Li advocates integrating theory with practice, and in Confucian classics, he advocates "not emphasizing rhetoric, worshiping elegance and floating", while "integrating knowledge with practice, seeking to be worthy of ancient sages". Under his guidance, Han Xin Tong, Huang Shang, Yang Wan and Yu Zai were all famous Neo-Confucianism at that time, and they applied what they had learned. While carefully teaching and guiding students to become talents, Chen Pu also studied mathematics and physics. In the meantime, he repeatedly studied the cast-in-place copper leaky pot, and after numerous repeated experiments, it was finally made in the third year. This pot "rises and falls, and the fiber is not cold." At that time, the Chief Secretary of Fujian had ordered the city to be cast according to this and put it in Fujian (that is, the Drum Tower) to tell the time.
Life story "Shenziqiao"
In the area of Wenfeng Village and Meihe Village in Hubei Township, there is a covered bridge with a unique shape, which once interpreted Zhu He's "Eternal Farewell". In other words, when Zhu founded Lantian Academy in Gutian, he felt thirsty when he passed Shitangdun on a summer afternoon. He saw a spring water more than 0/00 meters away from the bridge, so he went down and drank a few mouthfuls. Spring water actually smells of ink. He realized that "in the next few decades, a great scholar was born." Suddenly poetic, when I passed by the covered bridge under construction, I saw that the carpenter was not there, but there was a bucket and a bamboo pen, so I wrote a poem on a beam, "* * * Poetry and Stone Hall is famous through the ages". After writing, Zhu left. Later, the carpenter thought that some children were doodling here, so he picked up the plane and planed for a long time. He had to install the ink because it penetrated into the wood. Therefore, people called it "Shenziqiao" at that time.
"eternal harmony"
Chen Pu was born here in the 4th year of Chunyou in the Southern Song Dynasty (1244). It is said that Chen Pu is poor, studious and smart. When I was five years old, I saw a group of egrets flying in the field and wrote "Ode to Egrets": "I am sitting here, I am resting there, there is not a cloud in the whole blue sky, and it is snowing a little". Hearing this, his teacher praised him. At the age of twelve, I was familiar with the four books and five classics. In summer, my book friend and I traveled to Shenzi Bridge. When I saw the beam of the bridge pavilion, I saw a line engraved on it: "Poetry and Stone Hall is of eternal name", but there was no bottom line. I bowed my head and thought for a moment, then I shook my head and wrote the title: "Long live Xuan Di to Jin Jue." The pen is vigorous and the battle is neat. Unexpectedly, this made him and Zhu's "Yonghe" and became famous in one fell swoop. Later, I heard that Suzhou scholar Han Yifu (Han is a native of Zhaozhou, Hebei Province, and a student of Zhu) teaches at Chongde Academy in eastern Zhejiang Province and is eager to learn. A year later, he went to Chongde College for further study. Since then, he has become three apprentices of Zhu. After years of hard work, he finally mastered the classics and became famous in Fujian and Zhejiang.
Bu Zhi Teachers College has set up a museum to promote learning.
After the demise of the Southern Song Dynasty, the court of the Yuan Dynasty heard that he was a talented person, and his counselor Liu was invited to be a professor in Fujian three times. Chen Pu encouraged himself with Tao Yuanming, but he didn't go to the imperial edict. His poem of chanting bamboo said, "One section after another, a thousand branches are kept in Chiba. I don't blossom, so I don't want to tease bees and butterflies. " It is intended to preserve honor, not to gain goodwill. He refused to be an official, but returned to his hometown to open Renfeng Academy, and hung a horizontal plaque in the middle hall of the Academy to show his ambition. Now this plaque is well preserved by the villagers in Wenfeng Village.
Students from all over the world have heard about it. A small mountain village academy has hundreds of scholars every year. His scholars inherited Ji Fu's tradition and urged Zhu to remain upright in his studies. He once warned his students: "life, morality, the five permanent members, sincerity and respect, etc." In the Four Books and Five Classics, it is like fighting in the sky and four blasphemies in the underground. What else can I learn? " In teaching, he advocated the integration of theory with practice, and the study of Confucian classics was "not expensive but elegant", but "you must know the truth and do it, seeking to be worthy of the ancient sages". He also attached great importance to the selection of new students when imparting knowledge. The Anecdote of Shitang in Ningde Literature and History contains: "When Han Xinchu entered Renfeng Academy, Chen Pu also gave a Taoist title:' Bamboo shoots are the father', and Han Xin replied:' The rice straw binds the seedling mother to hold the child'. After listening, Teacher Wang promised to accept the school and later became his favorite pupil. "
Under his influence, many disciples are not only good at Neo-Confucianism, but also able to go deep into social reality and gain insights. Those who left their homes, such as Han Xin Tong, Yang Wan and Yu Zai, were celebrities of Neo-Confucianism at that time.
Carry forward Zhu's spirit
In order to carry forward Zhu's orthodoxy, Dexing Chu 'an Academy was founded successively in Zhenghe. His successor was hired by Jianyang Xiangxian to give lectures at the Academy, and edited the funerals of Zhu's disciples and Yang Fu and Zhu's related writings in ten volumes. After that, he gave lectures at Aofeng Academy in Fuzhou and Aofeng Academy in Changle County. In the fourth year of Yuan Wude (13 1 1), Wen Qixian, the founder of Pu Zhongzhi, was invited to teach at Wuxuanzhuang College. He taught in Putian for 18 years and trained a large number of outstanding science talents. In the 14th year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty (1535), Lu Xun of Jiangxi Province made a comprehensive evaluation of Mr. Wang in the Preface to the Legacy Collection: "Learning is actually the learning of an auxiliary teacher, which comes from the self-study pavilion (Zhu). True knowledge and practical learning, advocating elegance and floating, in addition to the six classics, ephemeris, holism, law and arithmetic, all books are learned. After the betrothal ceremony, don't want Xuanzang Academy, but expand (Fujian). There are many sages in this world, and lectures are made. Shitang is the originator. " In the same year, Ye Hou, the new magistrate of Ningde, rebuilt the Renfeng Temple in Shitang into a shrine of Confucianism and Chen Afraid of Qi, and made a statue to commemorate it.
There are many works of great learning.
Chen Pu not only carefully teaches and guides students to become talents, but also extensively reads and studies mathematics and physics. During his stay at Renfeng Academy, he repeatedly studied copper cast clepsydra. After countless experiments, he finally succeeded in "ups and downs, and the fiber is not cold." At that time, the Chief Secretary of Fujian had ordered the city to be cast according to this and put it in Fuzhou (Drum Tower) to tell the time.
It is said that engraving is an ancient timer. Before the invention of clocks and watches, every city in China had a Drum Tower, and there were full-time staff to predict the time. After the Song Dynasty, due to the installation of the engraved leak invented by Chen Pu, the time was more accurate. Take the leakage of Fuzhou Drum Tower as an example, the error of one day is only within 20 seconds. It is recorded in many ancient books, and it is accurate to miss this moment. It has been used for nearly 400 years from the Yuan Dynasty to the late Ming Dynasty of Song Xianchun, and it still maintains a high accuracy. It represents the height of engraving and leaking production in ancient China; If it is preserved to this day, it must be a very precious cultural relic. Unfortunately, the whereabouts of the early Qing dynasty are unknown.
Chen Pu is also the author of "On Armageddon" in astronomy. This book is divided into three volumes: the first volume is the discussion of the principle of armillary sphere and elephant; The middle volume introduces the production steps and design of the armillary sphere, with four general plans and thirteen sub-plans; The second volume introduces the design and installation of water transport instrument platform, with eleven general plans and twenty sub-plans. These drawings have no detailed information since there were astronomical instruments operated by water power in the Eastern Han Dynasty, so they are extremely precious. The "armillary sphere" described in this book can be used for three purposes: astronomical observation, astronomical practice and telling the time day and night. It was called "astronomical clock" in ancient China. Chen Pu discovered and applied this principle four centuries earlier than the European Robert Suk. This reflects China's outstanding achievements in mathematical calculation and instrument manufacturing in Song Dynasty. According to the genealogy of Wenfeng Village, in the 28th year of Yuan Dynasty (129 1), Kublai Khan sent people to the stone hall in Ningde to look for the theory of the armillary sphere. In fact, this book has been brought to Putian by Chen Pu.
Chen Pu has rich works in his life, including Zhouyi Jie, Huntianyi Lun, Four Books and Five Classics Lectures, Shangshu Buwei, Poems of Tang Dynasty (included in the Collection of Famous Scholars in Song Dynasty), Wuyi Yi Song, Poems of Tang Dynasty (Tibetan Jiaocheng Library) and Temperament Astronomy.
Behind us is a mystery.
I lived in my old age for 18 years, from Yuan Dynasty to the first year of He (1328), and finally suffered from carbuncle and swollen neck (commonly known as neck tiger) due to old age. During his illness, he missed his hometown very much. In his seven laws of "Send him to Garden Island", there is a saying that "youth has traveled far, but I miss my pillow tears", which shows that he is homesick. He died in the autumn of 1998, aged 84, and was buried in Shitangshan, his hometown.
There is a tomb in Hou Yuan Village, Meihe Village. There is a stone tablet in front of the tomb, which reads: "Xianfeng rebuilt Mr. Chen Shitang's tomb in four years." Surprisingly, there is no inscription by his wife on it. According to local custom, husband and wife should be buried in the same tomb after death. However, according to Huang Chuigui, a local folklore researcher, only Chen Pu was buried in the tomb, and the whereabouts of his wife and descendants were unknown. Today, there are no descendants (clansmen) of Chen Pu in Meihe and Wenfeng villages. Some people even rumoured that Chen Pu was never married and had children. If Chen Pu has no descendants, who will send him back to his hometown after his death? But if he has descendants, why not send his wife back to his hometown for burial according to the ancient custom?
According to this reasoning, when Chen Pu was 36 years old, he began to teach in Shitang, his hometown. At that time, he should have a family and children in his hometown, or take his wife back to his hometown to teach. When he lived in Putian, his descendants should have grown up or got married, otherwise they might not follow Chen Pu to Putian, but stay in their hometown Shitang. But in Shitang, the villagers said that there was only Chen Pu's father's grave, and they had never heard of Chen Pu's descendants. It seems that since Chen Pu, the descendants (clansmen) of Chen Pu disappeared in Shitang ... Huang Chuigui believes that it is most likely because Chen Pu disobeyed the will of the Yuan court several times, and he himself was worried about being accused of being a "criminal court" and wandering around giving lectures. Later people or clansmen were more worried about being implicated, or changing their names or surnames, or moving to other places.
history
According to the Records of Ningde County, the tomb of Chen Pu, a former Confucian, is located in the Du 'er Stone Hall. Gong Ming Ling Ying offered a monument to the mausoleum: "The public wears clothes, and its name is very respected. The dead are infinite, and many people live forever. The public is in the world, there are virtues and words, sven is the pulse, and the public is the door. Although I was born, fortunately, I was born and raised, pregnant with my own, and sacrificed to the cemetery. " In addition to Chen Pu's tomb, it is said that in Dongsili, Shitang Village, the place names include Yunfuping Road, Fushan Gangtouling, and Chen Pu's tomb after the formal sacrifice. The local villagers think that they are virtuous, and every year Tomb-Sweeping Day goes to these three tombs for sacrifice and cleaning.
Chen Pu's poems and poems are judged by Tai Chi, among which two students are all things. Man is also a thing, morally superior to others. Establish a universe of three talents and give full play to the relationship between heaven and earth. When it started, it was not a slap in the face, but a fall. The afterlife is as terrible as sunrise, and a thousand women should not be taken lightly. It's a pity that you didn't throw it away for nothing. You will become young in a hundred years. Powerful as a tiger when fierce province, not to mention looking deep into the responsibility of fathers and brothers. I don't know that six books are not learning, and I don't know that three talents are not people. Sheng must have ambition and a future. On Righteousness pays attention to benevolence, righteousness, propriety and righteousness, and the system of etiquette and music must be detailed. The source of body and use is thorough, and blood and literature are still popular. The meeting started without obstacles and the scope did not start. Dust-free treasure chest saves ten thousand volumes at a time, and seeks fate with pen. You don't have to lie on a high pillow, but you can rule the world with a neat family. Not only do women without horses gain everything, but plants, fish and turtles are salty and clear. This is the last thing, not for fame. It is even more necessary to sweep away the arrogant bears, fight for sex, and desire for color. One thing is the same respect. Confucius, Mencius, Zhang Zhu and Chengdu are firmly guarded. Working hard is definitely effective, which also makes Wen Guangyu famous for his age. Heroism is a matter of course, and it is hard to blame to change it into Tao. Don't you see that 450 people are ignorant and always lazy and ignorant? -Song Chen Pu's Song of Persuasion Song of Persuasion
Chen Pu in Song Dynasty
Read the full text ∨ Tai Chi judges two students, in which people are everything.
Man is also a thing, morally superior to others.
Establish a universe of three talents and give full play to the relationship between heaven and earth.
When it started, it was not a slap in the face, but a fall.
The afterlife is as terrible as sunrise, and a thousand women should not be taken lightly.
It's a pity that you didn't throw it away for nothing. You will become young in a hundred years.
Powerful as a tiger when fierce province, not to mention looking deep into the responsibility of fathers and brothers.
I don't know that six books are not learning, and I don't know that three talents are not people.
Sheng must have ambition and a future.
On Righteousness pays attention to benevolence, righteousness, propriety and righteousness, and the system of etiquette and music must be detailed.
The source of body and use is thorough, and blood and literature are still popular.
The meeting started without obstacles and the scope did not start.
Dust-free treasure chest saves ten thousand volumes at a time, and seeks fate with pen.
You don't have to lie on a high pillow, but you can rule the world with a neat family.
Not only do women without horses gain everything, but plants, fish and turtles are salty and clear.
This is the last thing, not for fame.
It is even more necessary to sweep away the arrogant bears, fight for sex, and desire for color.
One thing is the same respect. Confucius, Mencius, Zhang Zhu and Chengdu are firmly guarded.
Working hard is definitely effective, which also makes Wen Guangyu famous for his age.
Heroism is a matter of course, and it is hard to blame to change it into Tao.
Don't you see that 450 people are ignorant, always lazy and don't learn to be confused? ▲ meaningful, reasonable, tangible, like it. You must try your best to mend your body and keep the flesh and blood empty in the world. -Chen Pu's "Mencius Jianxing" in the Song Dynasty Mencius Jianxing
Meaningful, meaningful and tangible.
You must try your best to mend your body and keep the flesh and blood empty in the world. What you said in class is spontaneous, and it is obvious that Tai Chi really exists. Because knowledge and endurance are good, profits and desires cover up fans and can only be dizzy. -Mencius {Right Beam Change} Cattle in the Song Dynasty.
What you said in class is spontaneous, and it is obvious that Tai Chi really exists.
Because knowledge and endurance are good, profits and desires cover up fans and can only be dizzy. See more poems by Chen Pu >>