Brief introduction of scenic spots in Jingshan Park:
Located in the north of the Forbidden City. Beijing cultural relics protection unit. It is a royal garden in Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. Located in the center of Beijing, the center of the north-south axis of the old Beijing city wall. Before the Yuan Dynasty, it was a wilderness. During the reign of Jin Dadi, Taining Palace was built nearby, Xihuatan (now Beihai) was chiseled, and mounds were piled here. /kloc-In the middle of the 3rd century, Kublai Khan, a member of yuanshi county Group, built a capital city in the center of the city, which became the "back garden" for emperors to enjoy music. There are 80,000 square meters of cultivated land in the park, where the Yuan emperors cultivated to show the world, sometimes calling the original hill "Castle Peak". In the early years of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty, Xiao Xun, a doctor from the Ministry of Industry, participated in the demolition of the Forbidden City in the Yuan Dynasty. He has personally visited the backyard scenery and buildings such as Jin Dian, Cuidian, Flower Pavilion and Felt Pavilion. During the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, the founding emperor Judy built cities, palaces and gardens on a large scale. According to the saying that "Black Dragon, White Tiger, Suzaku, Xuanwu and Tiansi Spirit are all square", the north of the Forbidden City is the location of Xuanwu. When there are mountains, the Tongzi River, Taiye River and the South China Sea in the Forbidden City are excavated and piled up in the "green hills" to form five peaks, which become the "town mountains" in ouchi and are called "Long live the mountains". Because coal has been piled up under the mountain, it is also called "Jingshan Park". There are fruit trees all over the mountain, commonly known as "Hundred Orchards" (also known as North Orchard). In the north corner of Shandong Province, there are pavilions such as Shouhuang Hall for the emperor to climb mountains, feast, shoot arrows and enjoy flowers. The Guande Hall in the northeast of the garden was originally the "archery place" of the Ming emperor, with flocks of cranes and deer at the foot of the mountain to prolong life. On the Double Ninth Festival, the emperor will visit this place and overlook it in order to live longer. In the seventeenth year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty (1644), on March 19th, when the peasant rebels from Li Zicheng went to Beijing, four cases of Zhu Youjian hanged themselves on an old pagoda tree at the foot of the Long Live Mountain. After the Qing army entered the customs, in order to recruit officials of the Ming court, it was called the locust tree, which was chained, and it was stipulated that members of the Qing royal family must dismount and walk when passing by. The original tree tilted to the south and died, but it was later replenished. There is a stone tablet under the tree, engraved with "the place where Ming Sizong died". In the 12th year of Qing Shunzhi (1655), it was renamed Jingshan. In the 14th year of Qing Qianlong (1749), Shouhuang Hall was moved to the north of Jingshan. After the abdication of the Qing emperor, Jingshan was once barren and often stationed troops. 1928 began to open to the outside world. After 1949. Renovation and comprehensive construction have turned it into Jingshan Park. Ginkgo Garden, Begonia Garden, Peony Garden, Taoyuan, Apple Orchard, Vineyard and Persimmon Forest have been built one after another. All the staff sat on the south-facing red wall and yellow tile fence, covering an area of 230 thousand square meters. The mountain is 43 meters high and its circumference is 10 15 meters. The flower lawn in the park covers an area of 1 100 square meters, with nearly 10,000 trees. The main buildings are Yuanmen, Qiwanglou, Fengting, Shouhuang Hall complex, Xingqing Pavilion, Yongsi Hall, Auspicious Pavilion and Guande Hall.
The main buildings in Jingshan are: Sanyuanmen (Jingshan Gate, Shanzuoli Gate and Li Shanyou Gate); Qi Wang Lou dedicated to Confucius; Wufeng Pavilion (Guanmiao Pavilion, Shang Zhou Pavilion, Wanchun Pavilion, Fulan Pavilion and Jifang Pavilion); Shouhuang Temple behind Jingshan Mountain; There are Yongsi Temple, Guande Temple and Guandi Temple in the east.
Jingshan
In the Yuan Dynasty, there was a small mound called Qingshan, which belonged to the inner backyard of Yuanda University. When the Forbidden City was built in Beijing in the Ming Dynasty, coal was piled here, so it was also called Jingshan Park. Because its location is just on the central axis of the whole city, and it is also the barrier to the north of the palace, Feng Shui warlocks call it "Zhenshan". During the Ming and Qing dynasties, many fruit trees were planted in the garden, and animals such as deer and cranes were raised, so this mountain was once called Baiguoyuan, and this mountain was once called Long Live Mountain. In the 12th year of Qing Shunzhi (1655), it was renamed Jingshan. The name of Jingshan has three meanings: First, it means tall. "Poetry? There is a saying in Yanwu that there was a Jingshan Mountain in the capital of Shang Dynasty 3000 years ago. Secondly, because this is the place where emperors have "imperial scenery"; Again, there is admiration. 1928 turned the park into a park.
gate of a military camp
Jingshan Park has three gates. ① Jingshanmen. Located on the central axis of the old wall of Beijing, it is the south gate and the main gate of the park. To its south is the North Gate of the Forbidden City (Shenwumen), and to its north is the Qiwanglou in the park. Sit facing south. Yellow glazed tiles are located on the top of the mountain. Five rooms are wide and three rooms are deep. One-step and three-step bucket arch, rotating color painting. ② Shanzuolimen. East gate of the park, from west to east. Yellow glazed tiles are located on the top of the mountain. 3 rooms wide, 1 room deep. One-step and three-step bucket arch, rotating color painting. (3) Mountain Yukiko Iwai Gate. West gate of the park, east-west. The shape is the same as the left inner gate of the mountain.
Qiwang building
Located on the north-south axis north of Jingshan. It was originally a memorial tablet presented by the emperor to Confucius. Sit facing south. Yellow glazed tiles rest on the top of the mountain, with heavy buildings and double eaves, 5 rooms are wide and 3 rooms are deep. You can step on the arch three times on the eaves, and hang a Ming Dynasty plaque with the Manchu-Chinese literature "Looking at the Building" on it; Under the eaves, you can step on the bucket arch five times, with a cloister in front, a tripod arch in the back and colored paintings on the floor. There are white marble guardrails around.
Fengting
* * * There are five pavilions, namely Guanmiao Pavilion, Shang Zhou Pavilion, Wanchun Pavilion, Fulan Pavilion and Jifang Pavilion from east to west. There are five Buddha statues in the five pavilions, all of which are called Five Flavors Gods. (1) wonderful pavilion. Located on the easternmost mountain peak. Diameter 10 meter, blue glazed tile double eaves, circular pyramid roof. The upper eave weighs seven steps on the bucket arch, and the lower eave takes five steps on the bucket arch, with two slots, 8 inside and 8 outside. In the center of the pavilion, there is a stone Xu Mi, 1 meter high and 2 meters square. There is 1 bronze Buddha on it, which was taken away by Eight-Nation Alliance. (2) Zhou Shangting. Located on the second peak in the east. Diameter10.4m, 4m on each side. Green glazed tile roof, yellow glazed tile edge, double eaves octagonal tip. The upper eave weighs seven steps on the bucket arch, and the lower eave takes five steps on the bucket arch, with two slots, 8 inside and 8 outside. There is a stone sumeru in the middle of the pavilion. (3) spring pavilion. Located at the highest peak halfway up the mountain, it is the center and highest point of the central axis of the old city wall in Beijing. Yellow glazed tile roof, green glazed tile edge, four corners and three eaves. The first eaves weigh seven steps in the bucket arch, and the second and third eaves weigh five steps in the bucket arch. Two slots in the column, 6 on each side of the outer layer and 20 on the * *; Each inner layer has four, *** 12. In the center of the exhibition hall, there are 1 original wooden lacquered Buddha statues of Pilu, and the lotus base is backlit, which is about 3 meters high. Under the lotus, there is Muxumi, and under Muxumi, there is right Xu Mi, girding his waist and carving treasures. The Buddha statue was destroyed by Eight-Nation Alliance, and now only the stone platform remains. (4) Fulange. It is built on the fourth peak in the east, and its shape is the same as that of the Shang Zhou Pavilion.
Another famous cultural landscape in Jingshan Park is the place where Chongzhen hanged himself. At the foot of Jingshan Mountain, there is a low old pagoda tree, which leans eastward. It is the place where Zhu Youjian hanged himself during Chongzhen period of Ming Dynasty. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the Li Zicheng Rebel Army invaded Beijing in March 1644, and Chongzhen fled to Jingshan in March 19. Being ashamed of his ancestral career, he committed suicide on the crooked-necked pagoda tree under the Guanmiao Pavilion with his belt. During the ten-year turmoil, the old Sophora japonica was cut down as "four elders", and a new Sophora japonica was transplanted in the original site in 198 1 year.
Shou huang temple
A group of buildings located in the north of Jingshan Mountain, including the main hall, the left and right mountain halls, the east and west halls, and ancillary buildings such as kitchen, god library, tablet pavilion and well pavilion. The wall is square and faces south. The outer 9-story, 4-column and 3-wood archway is divided into east, south and west sides, all of which are glazed tile palace roofs. Total width 16.2 meters, all of which are bucket arches, and there are three arched doors in front of the door. The yellow glazed tile at the top of the palace, with heavy glazed tiles, has five steps of fighting arch. The overall width is 20 meters and the penetration depth is 4.2 meters. There are 1 side doors on both sides, the yellow glazed tile roof of the palace, and the glazed tile single convex single upturned five-step arch. Inside the south wall is the Shouhuang Gate, and the yellow glazed tile rests on the top of the mountain. Five rooms are wide and three rooms are deep. Heavy, five-step bucket arch, printed color painting. Surrounded by white marble railings, there are eight steps, there is a royal road in the middle, and there are side doors on both sides of Shouhuang Gate, all of which are yellow glazed tile roofs, with five steps and one side. There are 1 pavilions on the left and right of Shouhuang Gate, with yellow glazed tile roofs, each with a width of 6. 1 m, two cohorts and a stone fence under it. Shouhuangmen East and West Five Halls, Depth 1. The yellow glazed tile hangs from the top of the mountain to adjust the ridge, with a bucket of two liters, across the arch of hemp leaf head and colorful paintings. Shouhuang Hall is located in the north of Shouhuang Gate. It was originally dedicated to Emperor Kangxi's "His Majesty" and was later used as a place to worship the statue of the Qing emperor. During the Republic of China, the Antiquities Exhibition Center kept all the "imperial capacity". The main hall has double eaves and yellow glazed tiles, the upper eaves are heavy, and there are seven archways and seal cutting paintings. It is 9 rooms wide and 3 rooms deep, with cloisters in the front and back, a platform protection fence around the front, front, back, left and right 12 steps, and an imperial road in the middle of the front, where two dragons are carved and pearls are played. Under the eaves of the Ming room, there is a wooden plaque of "Shouhuang Hall" in Chinese. Yanqing Hall and Mianxi Hall are the east and west halls of Shouhuang Hall, both of which are yellow glazed tiles and ridges of hills. They are 3 rooms wide, 1 room deep, with corridors in front and back. Thick, five-step bucket arch, rotating color painting, surrounded by stone barriers. There are 1 stone pavilions, yellow glazed tiles and octagonal pyramid-shaped roofs around Shouhuang Hall. The upper eave weighs seven steps on the bucket arch, and the lower eave takes five steps on the bucket arch, surrounded by stone barriers. Shouhuang Hall has five halls, east and west, with a depth of 1. Yellow glazed tile rests on the top of the mountain, surrounded by cloisters, five arches and colorful paintings. There are 1 glazed burners on the south side of the east and west annex halls, all of which are yellow glazed bricks and wood-like structures. All the buildings in Shouhuang Hall are modeled after ancestral halls, with rigorous layout, magnificent momentum and self-contained. There is a Xingqing Pavilion in the west of Shouhuang Hall, with a pyramid-shaped roof, yellow glazed tiles and green edges, three rooms wide and three rooms deep, surrounded by cloisters. The ground floor is of masonry structure, and there are stone coupon doors on the north and south sides. 1954, Shouhuang Temple was converted into Beijing Children's Palace.
Yongsi
Located on the east side of Shouhuang Hall, it is the place where emperors stopped their spirits. This is an independent courtyard facing south. In front of it is Yongsimen, with a width of 3 rooms, a depth of 1 room, a width of 13.8 rooms and a depth of 8. 1 meter. Green glass tube tiles are located on the top of the mountain, with yellow cutting edges and a single arch with three steps. Yong Simen East-West Hall 3, hard mountain hoop ridge. Yongsi Temple is 5 rooms wide and 3 rooms deep, but it is gone now. There are three halls attached to the east and west of Yongsi Temple, each with a hoop ridge hanging from the top of the mountain, a bucket of two Cimicifuga leaf arches and colorful paintings. There is an auspicious pavilion in the east of Yongsi Temple, which faces south and looks like Xingqing Pavilion.
Guandesi
Located on the south side of Jixiang Pavilion. There is a 1 gate in the middle of the south wall, with glazed tiles imitating wood structure, yellow glazed tiles resting on the top of the mountain, monoclinic and single convex five-step bucket arch, and 1 wall doors are opened on both sides. There are five Guandemen in front, yellow glazed pipe tiles with big mountain ridges, three-liter bucket arches, front and rear cloisters, and painted on the spinner. East Hall 3, West Hall 3, yellow glazed tile on the hard top of the mountain, two liters over the hemp head arch. There are 3 rooms in the back hall, with hard tile iron hoops. There are three wings in the back hall, the top of the hard mountain ingot, the front porch and colorful paintings. Now it's a children's library.
In addition to many places of interest, Jingshan is also the largest peony garden in Beijing, forming a unique flower season landscape. Every May, 20,000 peonies of 200 varieties in the whole garden are in full bloom, which is spectacular. Peony in Jingshan is famous for its large flowers, bright colors, high plant height and long tree age. There are not only famous peonies in the royal gardens, but also famous peonies in Luoyang and Heze. Among them, Yao Huang, Wei Zi, Black Peony, Green Peony, Bean Green and Bai Mudan Yupan White are rare and colorful, which make the ancient Jingshan Park beautifully decorated.
Every summer, in the Qingyun Scenic Area of Nanmen Square, the red fragrance is swaying and the lotus fragrance is overflowing, which is in harmony with the colorful string red, Fu Lu Kao, Mei Ying, Impatiens, Artemisia capillaris and Dahlia beside the pond, showing a fresh and quiet ancient charm.