After Xuanzong acceded to the throne, Yao Chong and Song Jing were the first phase, followed by Zhang, Li, Duroy, Han Xiu and Zhang Jiuling. They each have their own strengths and perform their duties, which makes national affairs full of vitality. Moreover, Xuanzong was able to keep an open mind about coachable at this time, so the politics was clear and stable.

Xuanzong adopted Zhang Jiuling's suggestion and formulated the official tone system. Select competent officials from Beijing and transfer them to the Governor's Office to exercise their handling ability and cultivate administrative experience. At the same time, he also selected people who made a difference in the governor's yamen and promoted them to Beijing officials. This internal and external intermodulation has enhanced communication, understanding and trust between the central and local governments.

Xuanzong also divided the whole country into fifteen channels, and set up an interview ambassador in each channel to supervise local county officials and inspect their political achievements. In selecting talents, Xuanzong also reformed the imperial examination system, limiting the subjects and the number of scholars, so as to reduce the appearance of redundant officials and improve the overall quality of officials. military affairs

military affairs

Military reform

Tang Xuanzong not only effectively governed the internal affairs, but also effectively governed the frontier and recovered the lost land. This is mainly about the reform of the military system. As the original government-owned military system was destroyed, farmers fled and the source of troops was affected. When Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty proclaimed himself emperor, the phenomenon of soldiers deserting was extremely serious, and the combat effectiveness of the army was also very low, which could not compete with the powerful Turkish army.

In 723 AD, in the 11th year of Kaiyuan, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty accepted the reform proposal of Prime Minister Zhang Shuo and established mercenaries. Recruiting 120,000 non-commissioned officers from inside Shanhaiguan Pass as guards is called "Long March Athletes". This reform is a change from the system of officers and men to the system of mercenaries. After more than ten years' efforts, Xuanzong extended this system to the whole country. This system cancels the original practice of government soldiers guarding the border in turn, and relieves the people of all countries from the pain of guarding the border. At the same time, this kind of mercenary also provides a guarantee for centralized training and improving combat effectiveness.

Expand the territory of a country

In addition to reforming the military system, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty took many other measures to rectify the army, such as issuing a military training decree and ordering military towns in the northwest to expand their troops and strengthen training. At the same time, Wang Maozhong, the official, was appointed as the internal and external idle ambassador, who was fully responsible for the supply of military horses, so that the insufficient horses were replenished in time and the combat effectiveness was improved. In addition, in order to completely solve the problem of rations, Xuanzong ordered to expand the scope of reclamation, vigorously develop reclamation in the northwest and north of the Yellow River, and increase grain production.

After full preparation, the Tang Dynasty gradually recovered Yingzhou and other places, and the Uighur and other ethnic groups north of the Great Wall also automatically canceled the title of independent separatist regime and rejoined the Tang Dynasty. The capital of Anbei was also restored, and the Tang Dynasty resumed its jurisdiction over the land north of the Great Wall.

The restoration of political power in the western region has gone through two stages. The first stage is to recover the broken leaf town, and the second stage is to restore the Silk Road. The Tang Dynasty re-established its prestige in the Western Regions.

Set ten sections.

During the period from Kaiyuan to Tianbao, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty set up ten sections. In the north, Pinglu, Fanyang, Hedong, Shuofang, Longyou, Hexi, Anxi and Beiting Yixi are formed, and the towns of Jiannan and Lingnan * * * * are 10, which are fixed military regions. When our envoy was ordered, he was given two flags and two festivals, so that he could be killed by the army. When he walked, he built festivals and built six flags (banners) in the government, which was extremely powerful. Our envoys, who combine military, political and financial affairs, are often in charge of two or three towns by one person, reaching as many as four towns. They are more authoritative than the governors of Wei and Jin Dynasties and are called Jie Zhen. Therefore, the emphasis on the outside and the light on the inside led to the Anshi rebellion in the last years of Tianbao.

economic aspect

In order to increase the national income, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty launched a campaign of land inspection and household contracting. At that time, after occupying farmers' land, the strongmen called it "foreign land" and turned the fleeing farmers into their own "private ownership" to avoid the state's taxes on land and population.

From 7 12 to 725 AD, the movement of inspecting fields and entering households in Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty received practical results. He appointed Yuwen Rong as the national ambassador to persuade farmers to cover fields, and set up ten ambassadors and judges to inspect hidden land and protect farmers. Then all the detected land will be confiscated and distributed to farmers for farming. Concealed farmers are also registered. In this way, the customer's money increased by several million a year.

Through these effective measures, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty put the economy of the Tang Dynasty back on the right track, reduced the burden on farmers, increased the national fiscal revenue and promoted the prosperity of the national economy.

culture

Suppress Buddhism

Although Buddhism was not banned in the early years of the Tang Dynasty, its development was restricted by Confucianism and Taoism, especially the promotion of Taoism, which made the development of Buddhism not reach the supreme position. But in the period of Wu Zetian, in order to attack Li religiously, Wu Zetian adopted a conniving attitude towards Buddhism, which made Buddhism develop rapidly. Basically, there are Buddhist temples in every state of the country. Monks not only annexed land under the cover and connivance of the state, but also tried their best to avoid state taxes. The large increase in the number of monks has reduced the number of people who bear taxes and corvees, which has affected the national income.

In the second year of Kaiyuan, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty ordered the reduction of the number of monks and nuns in the country, and finally the number of monks and nuns in the country reached 12000. Then, Xuanzong ordered that it was forbidden to build new temples, cast Buddha statues and copy Buddhist scriptures. The communication between officials and monks and nuns was also banned, which made Buddhism suffer a great blow during Xuanzong period.

Attach importance to book construction

Attach importance to the construction of books in cultural undertakings. In the third year of Kaiyuan (7 15), Chu Wuliang, Ma Huai Su and others were invited to discuss the classics of the history museum. Because Neifu is an old book left over from the era of Emperor Taizong and Emperor Gaozong, it is often managed by imperial officials, and it is incomplete and messy, so it is difficult to read. Therefore, Chu unscrupulous and Ma Huai Su led scholars to sort it out. In the seventh year of Kaiyuan (7 19), it was ordered: "Different books were written by officials from the official family." More than 20 scholars, including Ma Huai Su, Yuan Hangchong, Jason Wu and Shu Wei, have been editing and proofreading in the Secret Pavilion for several years, becoming a 200-volume "Four Records of Group Books". Later, there were specialized book collection institutions such as academies. In the 10th year of Kaiyuan (722), Li Zheng Academy was established in Lize Hall of the East Palace, and Jixian Academy was established the following year, which was responsible for collecting books and proofreading books. The collection of books in the Kaiyuan era was the most prosperous in the Tang Dynasty. A total of 3060,51.852 volumes; There are more than 2,500 Taoist scriptures and Buddhist scriptures. There are four books in Chang 'an and Luoyang, which are divided into A, B, C and D, and arranged in the four libraries of Classics, History, Zi and Ji. History says that "the collected works of Kaiyuan are the most prepared", with a collection of 70,000 volumes. Forty-seven people, including Zhang Yue, a bachelor of Jixian Academy, were ordered to divide the classics.

diplomacy

During the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, the national strength was strong and the exchanges between China and foreign countries were extremely frequent. Korea, Silla, Baekje (both on the Korean Peninsula), Japan, Lin Yi (now Viet Nam), Nepal (now Nepal), Guo Si (now Myanmar), Songkhla (now Thailand), Zhenla (now Cambodia), Sri Lanka (now Sumatra, Indonesia), Hu Ling (now Java, Indonesia) and Tianzhu (now). Envoys, nobles, businessmen, scholars, artists, monks and tourists from all over the world came to the Tang Dynasty in large numbers. The envoys, monks and businessmen of the Tang Dynasty also emerged in an endless stream. There are more than 70 Asian and African countries that have made good friends with Tang Tong. In the Tang dynasty, there was a crack temple to receive the guests of diplomatic envoys from various countries, and kiosks were set up in various places to entertain foreign businessmen, and mutual market supervisors and trading companies were set up to take charge of foreign trade. Chang 'an, Luoyang, Yangzhou, Guangzhou, Lanzhou, Liangzhou and Dunhuang are important foreign trade cities in the Tang Dynasty. Chang 'an is particularly famous, and guests gather all over the world. Many foreign businessmen run shops in the "West Market" and live there for a long time. Imperial academy accepted many foreign students, and as many as 4,000 to 5,000 "conference semifinals" stayed in Chang 'an.