1. Scientific calculation (numerical calculation)
Scientific calculation is also called numerical calculation. Initially, the computer was developed as a computing tool to solve a large number of mathematical problems encountered in scientific research and engineering design. With the further development of modern science and technology, the status of numerical calculation in modern scientific research is constantly improving, especially in the frontier scientific field. For example, the calculation of satellite orbit, the calculation of seismic strength of buildings, and the research and design of rockets and spacecraft are all inseparable from the accurate calculation of computers. In the fields of industry, agriculture and human society, many major breakthroughs have been made in the application of computers. Even the weather forecast we listen to and watch every day is inseparable from the scientific calculation of computers.
2. Data processing (information processing)
In scientific research and engineering technology, we will get a lot of raw data, including a lot of pictures, words, sounds and other information processing, that is, collecting, classifying, sorting, storing, calculating, transmitting and tabulating data. At present, the application of computer information processing has been very common, such as personnel management, inventory management, financial management, books and materials management, business data exchange, information retrieval, economic management and so on. Information processing has become the main task of modern computers. It is the foundation of modern management. According to statistics, the workload of computers used for data processing in the world accounts for more than 80% of all computer applications, which greatly improves work efficiency and management level.
3. Automatic control
Automatic control refers to the automatic operation of a process through a computer, so that the process can be controlled according to the predetermined target and state without manual intervention. The so-called process control refers to the process of collecting, detecting, processing and judging the running data in real time and adjusting it according to the optimal value. At present, it is widely used in iron and steel enterprises, petrochemical industry, pharmaceutical industry and other complex operations. Automatic control by computer can greatly improve the real-time and accuracy of control, improve labor efficiency, improve product quality, reduce cost and shorten production cycle. Computer automatic control also plays an important role in the fields of national defense and aerospace. For example, the control of unmanned aircraft, missiles, satellites and spaceships is realized by computers. It can be said that computer is the nerve center of modern national defense and aerospace.
4. Computer-aided
Computer aided design refers to. With the help of computers, people can complete all kinds of engineering design work automatically or semi-automatically. At present, CAD technology has been applied to aircraft design, ship design, architectural design, mechanical design, large-scale integrated circuit design and so on. In the survey and design of Beijing-Kowloon Railway, it takes only a few hours to draw a drawing with a computer-aided design system, while in the past, it took a week or more to complete the same work by hand. It can be seen that using computer-aided design can shorten design time, improve work efficiency, save manpower, material resources and financial resources, and more importantly, improve design quality. CAD has been highly valued by engineers and technicians all over the world. Some countries integrate CAD, computer-aided manufacturing, computer-aided testing and computer-aided engineering into an integrated system, and organically combine design, manufacturing, testing and management to form a highly automated system, thus producing automated production lines and "unmanned factories". Computer-aided instruction (CAI) refers to the use of computers to assist in completing teaching plans or simulating experimental processes. The computer can provide the required teaching materials according to different requirements, and can also teach individually, point out the mistakes that students make in their study in time, and decide the students' study from one stage to another according to the test results of the computer. CAI can not only reduce teachers' burden, but also stimulate students' interest in learning and improve teaching quality, which provides an effective method for cultivating modern high-quality talents.
5. Artificial intelligence
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the theory, technology and application of computer simulation of some human intellectual behaviors. Artificial intelligence is a new field of computer application, and its research and application are in the development stage. Remarkable achievements have been made in medical diagnosis, theorem proving, language translation and robotics. For example, using a computer to simulate some functions of the human brain for thinking, learning, reasoning, association and decision-making makes the computer have a certain "thinking ability". China has successfully developed some expert diagnosis systems of traditional Chinese medicine, which can simulate famous doctors to diagnose patients and prescribe prescriptions. Robot is a typical example of computer artificial intelligence. The core of the robot is the computer. The first generation of robots is a manipulator; The second generation robot can feed back external information and has certain sense of touch, vision and hearing. The third generation robot is an intelligent robot, which has the skills of perceiving and understanding the surrounding environment, using language, reasoning, planning and manipulating tools, and imitating people to complete certain actions. Robots are not afraid of fatigue, have high precision and strong adaptability, and have been used for handling, painting, welding and assembly. Robots can also take the place of people to do heavy work in dangerous work, such as working in radioactive, toxic, high temperature, low temperature, high pressure, underwater and other environments.
6. Multimedia applications
With the development of electronic technology, especially communication and computer technology, people have been able to combine various media such as text, audio, video, animation, graphics and images to form a brand-new concept-"multimedia". In the fields of medical treatment, education, commerce, banking, insurance, administration, military affairs, industry, broadcasting and publishing, the application of multimedia has developed rapidly.
7. Computer network
Computer network is a system composed of some independent computers with information exchange ability, so as to realize resource sharing. The application of computer in the network makes the communication between human beings cross the barriers of time and space. Computer network has become the material basis for human beings to build an information society, which has brought great convenience and speed to our work, such as the use of bank credit cards nationwide, the use of train and plane ticket systems, and so on. Now, you can browse, retrieve information, send and receive e-mails, read books and newspapers, play online games, buy goods, participate in discussions on many issues, and realize telemedicine services.