Current location - Training Enrollment Network - Books and materials - What were the officials in the Tang Dynasty?
What were the officials in the Tang Dynasty?
The title of title is the title of title and title, which was awarded by the ancient emperor to nobles and nobles. The prime minister is the highest official position in the feudal bureaucracy, and he is the person who manages state affairs according to the will of the monarch. Sometimes called, often called Prime Minister, referred to as "Xiang". One surname refers to two official positions. First, in ancient times, Taishi, Taifu and Taibao were called "three fairs". Later, most of them were senior officials, indicating that they were favored without real duties. Secondly, in ancient times, it was also called Prince Taishi, Prince Taifu and Prince Taibao as the "Three Divisions of the East Palace", all of whom were the teachers of the Prince. Taishi is the abbreviation of Taishi Prince, and later it gradually became a virtual title. Shangshu was originally an official in charge of the memorial. There were six departments in the Sui Dynasty, and six departments in the Tang Dynasty were designated as officials, households, rituals, soldiers, punishments and workers. Shangshu and Assistant Minister were the main officials and adjutants. Bachelor's degree was the official position in charge of etiquette department and editing in Wei and Jin Dynasties. After the Tang Dynasty, he referred to Hanlin as a bachelor, became the emperor's secretary and adviser, and participated in confidential affairs, so he was called "the inner phase". In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, although they were also academicians of Hanlin, such as serving orders, reading, giving lectures, editing and editing, Jishi Shu, their status and responsibilities were different from those of Hanlin in the Tang and Song Dynasties. In the official system of the Zhou Dynasty in Shang Qing, both the emperor and the vassal had Qing, which was divided into three levels: upper, middle and lower, and the most distinguished one was called "Shang Qing". General is the highest title of general in pre-Qin and Western Han dynasties. After the Wei and Jin Dynasties, it gradually became a virtual title without a real position. The position of general was established during the Ming and Qing wars and abolished after the war. Participating in politics, also known as "participating in politics", was one of the highest administrative officials in the Tang and Song Dynasties, and was also called "re-knowing" with Zhang and Tang's deputy envoys. The military department, the minister of military affairs, was the administrative agency that assisted the emperor in the Qing Dynasty. There is no fixed number of incumbents, usually princes, university students, ministers, assistant ministers or Beijing Hall, and they are called military ministers. Military ministers range from three or four to six or seven, and are called "pivot ministers". The censor was originally a historian. After Qin Dynasty, he was appointed as the censor, ranking second only to the prime minister, in charge of impeachment and picketing officials' faults. The head of the Privy Council. In the Tang Dynasty, it was held by eunuchs and later by ministers. The Privy Council is one of the highest state organs in charge of important military affairs, and the power of envoys in the Tang Dynasty is equivalent to that of prime ministers. Military ministers in the Qing Dynasty are usually called "Tang secretaries". The official name of Chu State in the Warring States Period on the left is comparable to that of later generations. The main duty is to advise the emperor and recommend talents. Official titles in autumn before yuan dynasty. He was the highest military attache who assisted the emperor and was called Fu in the Han Dynasty. The highest military attache in Song Dynasty. The official names of doctors in the pre-Qin period were lower than those in the Qing Dynasty. Doctors refer to different contents in different dynasties, and sometimes they can refer to important positions in central organs. Scholar-officials used to refer to officials or intellectuals with more prestige and status. Taishigong was a senior official in the Western Zhou Dynasty during the Spring and Autumn Period. He was in charge of drafting documents, planning governors and ministers, recording historical events, and also in charge of classics, calendars, sacrifices and other things. After the Qin and Han Dynasties, the Taishi Order was set up, and the scope of responsibilities gradually narrowed and the status gradually decreased. In the Qin dynasty, he was a prime minister, and in the Han dynasty, he was a general officer and a staff member. The assistant minister is a court attendant for the first time. After the Eastern Han Dynasty, he became an official of Shangshu. In the Tang Dynasty, the assistant minister was the deputy minister of the three provinces (Zhongshu, Menxia and Shangshu). The assistant was originally one of the officials outside the official position. Because the attendants around the emperor, the status is getting higher and higher, and the level exceeds the assistant minister. After Wei and Jin Dynasties, he often became the de facto prime minister. Langzhong was a court bodyguard in the Warring States period. From the Tang Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, he became a senior official and assistant minister below Shangshu, in charge of various departments' affairs. The abbreviation of "staff military affairs" who joined the army was originally the military staff of the Prime Minister. After the Jin Dynasty, his status gradually declined and he became the staff of kings and generals. After Sui and Tang Dynasties, he gradually became a local official. During the Warring States Period, Ling Yin, the county chief in charge of military and political power in Chu, was equivalent to the prime minister. Ming and Qing dynasties refer to county orders. The captain is the military attache after the general. Different dynasties of Sima refer to different official positions. During the Warring States period, he was an adjutant in charge of military affairs and taxes. Our general manager in charge of the military and political affairs of several States in the Tang Dynasty was originally located in the border States; Later, the mainland was also set up all over the country, resulting in a separatist situation, so the world called it a "buffer zone." Policies are also called "policies" for short. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, he was the military chief of the frontier defense, juxtaposed with the viceroy. When there were important military tasks in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, they specialized in running, and their official positions were higher than those of the governor. The thorn ambassador was originally the official name of the governor, and became the highest military and political chief of the county after the Eastern Han Dynasty, sometimes called the satrap. The governor pointed out where Beijing officials had gone in the early days. In the Qing dynasty, he officially became the governor, and his position was slightly lower than that of the governor. Posthumous title's "Fuyuan", "Futai" and "Fujun". In the Han dynasty, the captain was second only to the general. An official who directed martial arts in the Song Dynasty. Manage the official names of state and county military attaché s in Song Dynasty, and be in charge of training the army, supervising and arresting thieves and other affairs. Family members engaged in the appointment of central or local governors are also called "employees". A magistrate is a "satrap", also known as a "magistrate". The county magistrate is the chief executive of a county, also known as the "magistrate". Li Zheng is an ancient township official, that is, a mile long. Xu Li's tolerance in village management. The captain is the military attache after the general. Chen She Family: "Chen She is a general and Guangwu is a captain." "Hongmen Banquet": "Pei Gong has gone out, and Wang Xiang asked Chen Ping to call him." Tong Qing, another name of Taipusi Qing, was in charge of the emperor's chariots, horses and livestock. In the epitaphs of the five tombs, Mok Ng said, "Even a wise man is careful, he will gain something, and celebrate together as Wu Gong" and "for it". Different dynasties of Sima refer to different official positions. During the Warring States period, he was an adjutant in charge of military administration and military taxes, such as "Hongmen Banquet": "Pei Gong Sajima, Cao Yue." During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, he was the prefect (secretariat) official of the state and county, such as Pipaxing: "Yuan and ten years, moved to Sima, Jiujiang County." Bai Juyi was demoted to Jiujiang at that time, under the long history of counties. Our general manager in charge of the military and political affairs of several States in the Tang Dynasty was originally located in the border States; Later, the mainland was also set up all over the country, resulting in a separatist situation, so the world called it a "buffer zone." The fourth time in A Dream of Red Mansions: "Yucun wrote two letters in a hurry, together with Jia Zheng and our ambassador to Beijing, Wang Ziteng." Policies are also called "policies" for short. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, he was the military chief of the frontier defense, juxtaposed with the viceroy. For example, Fan Zhongyan used to be the deputy economic envoy of Shaanxi. When there were important military tasks in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, they specialized in running, and their official positions were higher than those of the governor. For example, in Meihualing, "Running to Hong Chengchou has something to do with the past". After the Qing Dynasty, Hong Chengchou ran to seven provinces and was stationed in Jiangning. The secretariat was originally the official name of the governor. After the Eastern Han Dynasty, it became the highest military and political chief of the county, sometimes called the satrap. Tang Bai Juyi was the secretariat of Hangzhou and Suzhou, and Liu Zongyuan was the secretariat of Liuzhou. The coach was an officer who trained martial arts in the Song Dynasty. Lin Chong in Water Margin is the head coach of the 800,000 imperial army in Beijing. Manage the official names of state and county military attaché s in Song Dynasty, and be in charge of training the army, supervising and arresting thieves and other affairs. For example, Lu Tiha governs Lu Shenzhi in Water Margin. Family members engaged in the appointment of central or local governors are also called "employees". Battle of Red Cliffs: "Jing's prestige is still worthy of Cao's appointment." Main works: During the Warring States Period, Wei Wei was the protector of all kinds of written materials. Physician: During the Qin Dynasty, he was responsible for supervising officials, accepting officials' performance on behalf of the emperor, managing important state albums and books, and drafting imperial edicts on behalf of the imperial court. In the Western Han Dynasty, Doctor Tai, Prime Minister and Qiu were called the Three Kingdoms. When the prime minister is away, he is often replaced by an ancient official. After the Jin Dynasty, Yushi was no longer responsible for paperwork. Ling Shi: the official position in charge of paperwork under Lang in Han Dynasty. Points: Lantian Lingshi, Shangshuling History. Sui: After the Tang Dynasty, Lingshi became the title of junior clerk of six censorate stations in three provinces. Prime Minister: In feudal times, "the prime minister was the aide of the monarch." Equivalent to the current secretary-general. Remonstrance officer: the remonstrance officer called the secretary's staff officer in the Western Han Dynasty. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, it was renamed Doctor Jian. Sui and Tang Shilu belong to the province under the door, and their duties are to serve and advise. The admonition court was established in the Song Dynasty, Liao and Jin Dynasties and abolished in the Ming Dynasty. Huang Menfu: Langguan who served in the palace in the Western Han Dynasty. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, the assistant minister of Huangmen was full-time, and his duty was to serve the emperor and convey the imperial edict. After the Southern Dynasties, assistant minister Huang Men was in charge of confidential documents. Zuoyou Cao: the official position of dealing with emperor's official documents in Han Dynasty. This kind of official position is not full-time, but additional. If I can get Cao Jiaguan, I can handle the emperor's documents. Translator's Order 9 Translation Order: A translator established in the Han Dynasty was responsible for translating the languages of foreign letters. Equivalent to a contemporary foreign language secretary. Fu Baolang: An official in charge of the seals of the emperor and Jeff in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Zhong Cheng: A subordinate official of the Imperial Examination in Han Dynasty, in charge of the central library and the library, handling all memorials submitted directly to the monarch, and supervising the secretariats of various ministries to exercise the right of external inspection. In the empire after Han Dynasty, Cheng was the general manager of empire, and Guo and a captain were the most authoritative empire. Engaged in: Assistant officials engaged in the secretariat of the Han Dynasty, such as Biejia, Zhizhong and Main Book. At that time, all counties and countries also engaged in it. Bookkeeper: a small official in charge of documents in Han Dynasty. Like Gong Cao Zuo Shu and Dian County Zuo Shu, they are responsible for drafting and writing documents. Shangshu: Shangshu means to be in charge of documents. In the Han Dynasty, the official in charge of documents in the imperial court was called Shangshu. Two Thousand Stones Cao Shangshu: In the Han Dynasty, county officials wore two thousand stones, and it was customary to call local governors two thousand stones. At that time, it was Shangshu who was in charge of Cao affairs, and Shangshu who was in charge of county and state documents was called 2000 Stone Cao Shangshu. Cao Shangshu: In the Eastern Han Dynasty, there were three men: Tai Wei, Situ and Sikong. At that time, it was Shangshu who was in charge of Cao affairs, and Shangshu, who was in charge of the documents of Sangongfu, was known as Sangongshangshu. Shangshuling: Shangshuling is in charge of Shangshu. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the system of taking Shangshu as the provincial governor of Shangshu was gradually formed, so that Shangshuling was not the official in charge of documents, but the highest head of the central administrative supervision department. Prime minister: the system established in Qin and Han Dynasties. The prime minister is the most important administrative official who assisted the emperor, and his position is slightly lower than that of Qiu He. In the early Han Dynasty, there were sometimes left and right prime ministers. There is usually only one person, regardless of left and right. At the beginning of the Ming dynasty, there was also the saying that the prime minister was around, which was soon abolished. Since then, there has never been a prime minister's name. Secretariat order: When Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was appointed as a eunuch, he was responsible for announcing the imperial edict. After Cao Pi acceded to the throne, he set up the supervisor of Chinese books and the order of Chinese books. A governor is the same as an order, and his power is equivalent to that of a prime minister. It is customary to supervise before placing an order. After the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the Chinese Book Supervisor was abolished and only the Chinese Book Order was retained. Zhong Shujian: It was established after Cao Pi of Wei ascended the throne, and it has the same power as Zhong Shuling. Zhongshu Province: After Wei and Jin Dynasties, the power of ministers was replaced by Zhongshu Supervisor and Zhongshu Order, and Zhongshu Province began to serve as the central general organization. By the time of Liang and Chen, there were five officials in the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Zhongshu Province, ten in charge of lords and two hundred in charge of bookkeepers. Zhongshuling: In the Tang and Song Dynasties, Zhongshuling was a very prominent official position. There was a China calligrapher in the Calligraphy Department of China in the Ming Dynasty, who only cared about writing and other things, and his rank was from seven grades. At first, it was called "Sheren in Zhongshu Province", and later it was renamed as "Sheren in Zhongshu Branch". Calligraphers in China are not valued, but only as an appearance decoration. Among them, the name of Gongshu actually belongs to the writer and is still in the system. Generally speaking, they are called Zhongshu in the calligraphy department of China, and they are not light officials. Minister's Order: Cao Cao was Wang Wei at the end of Han Dynasty. At first, he made a secretary's order to ask for documents. After Cao Pi acceded to the throne, he was changed to the supervisor of Chinese books and the order of Chinese books.