(2) Zeus, the statue of Olympic Zeus, is the god of Greek gods and the main god of Olympia, built for sacrifice.
The statue of Zeus is the largest indoor statue in the world, and the temple of Zeus where the statue of Zeus is located is the birthplace of the Olympic Games. Philo of Byzantium wrote about the Seven Wonders: "We are proud of the other six wonders, but we are afraid of the statue of Zeus." The temple of Zeus was the religious center of ancient Greece. The temple is located in the center of a vast flat land on the Rizos River southeast of the Acropolis in Athens, Greece, and is in charge of Zeus, the god of ancient Greek gods. Now this place is full of hills in Huang Chengcheng, but in ancient Greece, it was surrounded by green valleys and cool streams, and the scenery was elegant. Not far away, there is a dense forest, full of green, with beautiful flowers and trees on both sides of the forest path, which was the religious center at that time. In ancient Greece, this area was located outside the walls of Athens. In Hadrian's time, in order to expand the scale of Athens and expand the city walls, temples were incorporated into the city. The construction of the temple began in 470 BC and was finally completed in the first 456 years. This is a Dominic-style building, designed by the architect Lieben from Elis, and the statue of Zeus was carved by the sculptor Pheidias. The Temple of Zeus itself is a Dolique-style building, the surface of which is covered with gypsum limestone. The roof of the temple is made of marble and supported by 34 Corinthian columns, the height of which is17m, and the Paros in front of the temple is 4 1. 1 m107.75m.. Many statues on the herringbone eaves in the west of the temple are completely Athenian. As for Zeus, the protagonist of the temple, the so-called "chryselephantine" technology was adopted, and the muscles carved from ivory and gold clothes were added to the wooden support. The throne is also gilded, inlaid with ebony, precious stones and glass, which took eight years to complete. In a book by traveler Pausanias, there is a detailed description of the statue of Zeus, which records:' The main body of Zeus is made of wood, the exposed part of his body is covered with ivory, and his clothes are covered with gold. He wore a crown woven with olive branches on his head, a victory statue made of ivory and gold in his right hand, and a scepter made of various dazzling metals in his left hand. A vulture rested on the top of the scepter. As for his throne, the head and back of the statue are engraved with statues of "Sanya" and "Three Seasons" (spring, summer and winter). The legs and feet are decorated with dancing goddess of victory, sphinx with head and other Greek gods. The bottom is 6.55 meters wide and the height is 1 meter. Except for the throne, this statue of God, which is only about 13 meters high, is equivalent to a four-story modern building, so that Zeus sitting on the throne almost put his head on the top of the temple. Behind the statue hangs a sacred curtain looted by the temple of Jerusalem. Phidias planned the surrounding changes more accurately, including the light from the temple gate to the statue. In order to make the face of the statue more beautiful and bright, a huge and shallow black marble olive oil pool was built in front of the statue, and the light was reflected by olive oil. During standing, workers come to wipe ivory, which is called "phidias polisher". A visitor said, "I can tell you the size of the statue, but I can't describe its impression." Idols have been worshipped by people for more than 900 years, but in the end, Christ ended everything. In 393 A.D., the Roman emperor Marius I resolutely issued a pardon order to stop the competition, and the ancient Olympic Games also ended in this year. Then in 426 AD, the pagan temple was destroyed, so the statue of Zeus was destroyed, phidias's studio was changed into a church, and ancient Greece was destroyed. The inward inclined stone pillars of the temple collapsed in the earthquakes of 522 and 55 1 year, and the stones were demolished and transformed into fortresses against barbarian aggression. Fortunately, before this, the statue had been transported to Constantinople (now Istanbul, the Turkish capital) and kept in the palace by eunuch luisi for 60 years. Unfortunately, it was also destroyed in the city riots.
(3) The temple building of Al themis Temple is based on marble and covered with a wooden roof. The designers of the whole building are Qiao Xihong and his son. Its biggest feature is that there are two rows of columns at least 106, and each row is about 12 to 18 meters high. The base of the temple is about 60 times 120 meters. Site of the Temple of Al themis
It was destroyed by a fire in 356 BC, and it was built after the original site caught fire again in 262 AD. The Temple of Al themis has been rebuilt seven times. The first themis Temple was designed by architects Samos, Qiao Xihong and his son Meta janus in 550 BC, supported by Ionian marble columns, and it was the first building built entirely of marble at that time. The whole building was decorated with bronze, silver, gold and ivory reliefs of famous artists at that time, such as phidias, Cletus, keresey Ras and Vladmont. The statue of Al themis was placed on the U-shaped altar in the center for people to worship. Later, in 356 BC, the temple was destroyed by fire and invasion. After the transformation, the length of the marble column increased to 2 1.7 meters, and thirteen steps were added around it. Finally, because people who love free souls converted to Christianity, the temple was destroyed by St. John Christom in 40 1 year.
(4) Mosora's Mausoleum This huge white marble mausoleum was built for Solas and his wife. The whole building was designed by two Greek designers and decorated with strange carving patterns. Fu Yijian's achievement is well known, but it was destroyed by a great earthquake in the early 3rd century. There are still some remaining sculptures in the British Museum in London. Mao Solas's Tomb Temple is located in Halicarnassus. The ground floor building is rectangular, with an area of 40m by 30m and a height of 45m. The pier wall is 20m high, the column is12m high, the pyramid is 7m high, and the top carriage statue is 3m high. The building is surrounded by pier walls, decorated with stone statues, and the statue at the top is four horses pulling an ancient two-wheeled chariot. In addition to its architecture, this mausoleum temple is also famous for its sculptures. The sculpture of Mausoleum Temple was made by four famous sculptors, Briasis, Leo Chales, Scopas and Timothy, each of whom was responsible for one side of the tomb temple. /kloc-At the beginning of the 5th century, Halicarnassus was occupied. In order to build a huge castle, the new ruler used some stones from Mao Solas's tomb temple as building materials in 1494. Today, many sculptures still survive and are kept in museums in London, England. /kloc-Since the 20th century, archaeological excavations have been carried out in Lisi Tomb Temple in Mosora, providing a lot of information about Mao.
(5) Shortly after the death of Alexander the Great, his Ptolemy Soter ruled Egypt and established his capital in Alexandria. In view of the dangerous sea lanes near Alexandria, Ptolemy Soter ordered the architect soste Lars to cooperate with the Alexandria Library/Mouseon to build the Alexandria Lighthouse, which was completed in 290 BC. When the Alexander Lighthouse was completed, its height deserved to be the tallest building in the world at that time. His designer is Chattus of Sotheby's, a Greek architect. An Arab traveler recorded in his notes: "The lighthouse was built on three steps. At its top, a mirror reflects sunlight during the day and guides the ship with fire at night. " /kloc-for 0/500 years, the Alexandria lighthouse has been guiding sailors to the harbor in the dark. It is also the latest of the six wonders (except the pyramids of Giza in Egypt). /kloc-it was completely destroyed by the earthquake in the 0/4th century. Alexander's lighthouse
The Fallot Lighthouse is completely different from the other six wonders, because it has no religious color, and it is built purely for people's real life. The light of the Fallot lighthouse shines all over Alexandria at night, protecting the ships at sea. In addition, it was the tallest building in the world at that time.
(6) Hanging Gardens
Of course, the hanging gardens in Babylon were not suspended in the air. The origin of this name is that people misinterpret the original Greek "kremastos" and Latin "pensilis" (meaning "hanging" besides "protruding") as "hanging". It is generally believed that the Hanging Garden was built by King Nebuchadnezzar (604-562 BC) to comfort the homesick princess Amyitis, and it was modeled after her hometown in the mountains. It is said that slaves need to turn mechanical devices to draw a lot of water from the Euphrates River below to irrigate the flowers and plants in the hanging gardens. The most amazing thing about the hanging garden is the water supply system. Because there is not much rain in Babylon, and the ruins of the Hanging Gardens are far away from the Euphrates River, historical researchers believe that the Hanging Gardens should have many water conveyance facilities. The slave kept pushing the handle connected with the gear to transport the groundwater to the storage tank on the top floor, and then returned to the ground through the artificial river. Another problem is maintenance, because ordinary buildings can't withstand the erosion of the river for many years without collapsing. Because there are not many stones in Mesopotamia, researchers think that the bricks used in hanging gardens are unusual. They are added with reeds, asphalt and gravel. Some documents even pointed out that a layer of lead was added to the stone to prevent the river from infiltrating into the foundation. It should not be a "hanging garden" originally, but it has become a "hanging garden" because of translation errors.
(7) The Colossus of Rhode Island Located in Rhode Island, Greece, the Colossus of Rhode Island is a port leading to the Mediterranean Sea. Rhode Island in BC is an important commercial center, located at the junction of Aegean Sea and Mediterranean Sea. Port Rhodes was built in 408 BC. Historically, Rhode Island was ruled by many spheres of influence, including Mausolaris (whose tomb is also one of the Seven Wonders) and Alexander the Great. But after the death of Alexander the Great, the whole island was plunged into a long war. Macedonian aggressor Dmitry led 40,000 troops (more than the population of the whole island) to surround the port. Roddy's giant
After a hard war, Rhode Island defeated the invaders. To celebrate this victory, they decided to build a statue with bronze weapons abandoned by the enemy. This statue was built for 12 years and is about 33 meters high, which is similar to the height of the Statue of Liberty in New York. The statue is hollow and reinforced with complex stones and iron columns. But this great statue was destroyed by a strong earthquake just over 50 years after it was built. Legend has it that the statue stood in the harbor with its legs apart and boarded the ship only through the middle of its legs, which was very spectacular and interesting. This colossus is actually the Greek sun god and their patron saint Helius. It was designed by architect Charles. After 12 years of construction, the Colossus of Rhode Island was completed in 282 BC. The whole colossus is 33 meters high, made of marble and covered with bronze, and was later used as a lighthouse. However, the earthquake in 226 BC knocked down the colossus, and its fragile knee became the fatal wound of the colossus, and the colossus fell to the shore near the port of Mandraki. In 654 AD, Rhode Island was invaded by Arabs, and the invaders even transported the remains to Syria, which made it more difficult to investigate this spectacle.