Garden network is a big branch of all kinds of networks, which is widely used and representative. As the birthplace of new technology, schools, especially colleges and universities, naturally have close ties with the network. Based on the analysis of users' needs, this paper expounds the application characteristics of campus network, how network products meet the various needs of campus network users, and the matters needing attention in the construction of campus network.
General idea and engineering steps:
Conduct object research and demand survey, find out the nature, task, purpose and development characteristics of the school, accurately describe the information environment of the school, and clarify the requirements and conditions for system construction;
On the basis of application demand analysis, determine the types of intranet services in the school, and then determine the specific objectives of system construction, including network facilities, site setting, development, application and management;
Determine the topological structure and function of the network, and carry out systematic analysis and design according to the application requirements, construction objectives and the distribution characteristics of the main buildings in the school;
Determine the principle requirements of technical design, such as standards and requirements in technical selection, wiring design, equipment selection and software configuration;
After determining all the specific details contained in the above four points, you can basically tailor a suitable solution for users, but anyone with project experience knows a complete network construction project. Of course, the following three points are also essential steps.
The test scheme is close to the network status quo;
Plan and arrange the implementation steps of campus network construction (project management);
Complete acceptance documents.
Principles of campus network construction:
Advanced design ideas, network structure and development tools, and adopt software and hardware products with high market coverage, standardization and mature technology; Practicality, when building a network, we should consider using and protecting existing resources and give full play to the efficiency of equipment; Flexibility, using building block module combination and structured design, makes the system configuration flexible, conforms to the principle of school network construction step by step, and makes the network have strong expansibility; Reliability, fault tolerance, convenient management and maintenance. The design, selection, installation and debugging of the network are planned and analyzed in a unified way to ensure that the system is reliable, economical, reasonable in investment and has a good performance-price ratio.
Campus network is an educational and scientific research network based on multimedia technology and modern network technology, which serves teaching, scientific research and management and is connected with the Internet. After all, computer network is a new thing, and all aspects are still unknown. Regardless of their own needs and economic strength, there are endless examples of spending a lot of money. Most of the reasons are that we don't know enough about the specific issues of campus network engineering. As a huge system engineering, campus network engineering is related to the development planning of the school and must be carefully considered.
Network construction demand summary:
A comprehensive demand analysis of campus network construction is a necessary condition for the success of campus network construction. From the above aspects, combined with the current campus network construction, according to the actual situation of the school, the demand analysis of the school network construction is summarized, mainly in the network aspect, and the terminal and server are not introduced too much.
Software and hardware requirements:
Hardware is the foundation of building a campus network. When choosing hardware products, it is necessary to choose equipment with good compatibility and expansibility, and in the process of selection, it is necessary to integrate various factors such as equipment performance and price. Equipment manufacturers must be able to provide good pre-sales and after-sales services to relieve users' worries. For example, the central equipment must use stable, powerful and secure network equipment, and the storage equipment such as servers should also use high-performance equipment; In addition, in certain areas, such as libraries, there may be large files, pictures and other data to be transmitted, and equipment with better performance should also be applied.
Software includes system and management, and schools should choose suitable software according to their own considerations.
resource demand
The construction of campus network resources is an important part of campus network, and its types and functions are different from other enterprise networks.
Analysis of campus resources is the starting point of building a campus network, and it is also the real demand of a campus. The application strategy should also be selected according to this demand. For example, vlan division needs to be determined according to internal resources, and security is the key issue to be considered in external resource requirements.
For the campus, we should consider the following two aspects:
Regional division of internal resources: For an orderly and regular network, regional division is very important, and we need to reasonably divide all departments of a campus. Such as libraries, archives, dormitories, etc. It should be divided carefully. Further subdivision should also consider students' information, such as students' grades, enrollment and so on. Information about employees and teachers, and so on.
Division of external resources: including Internet, school website, e-mail, public information exchange and internal information resources.
Application requirements
This demand is obviously different in different schools, which can generally be divided into four aspects: teaching, scientific research, office work and service. For example, the network design of teaching and scientific research should consider stability, expansibility and security; Bandwidth such as office and service should be considered, so schools should consider network structure and security issues according to their actual situation.
Network demand
We should follow several points in network requirements. A successful and reasonable network must consider the following aspects: capital, security, management, expansibility, practicability and high performance.
Network technical requirements
The demand of network technology is the network problem to be solved. In a network, there will be many problems of the network itself, such as vlan division, ip address conflict, mac address conflict, data security, data backup, which are all problems we should consider when designing the network.
Structured cabling:
We know that 70% of network faults come from integrated wiring, and reasonable wiring can not only make the network smoother, but also reduce the occurrence of network faults.
Integrated wiring system is a transmission network in a building or building, which can connect voice and data communication equipment, switching equipment and other information management systems with each other, and can also connect these equipment with external communication networks, including the connection points on the line from the building to the external network or telephone office, all cables between voice or data terminals in the work area and related wiring components. The campus network is a campus network, and the subsystems between buildings are connected by optical cables, which can provide gigabit bandwidth and have enough room for expansion. The vertical subsystem is located in the shaft of a high-rise building, and multimode optical cable or large logarithmic twisted pair can be used. Wiring in buildings includes horizontal wiring and trunk wiring. In general, the horizontal system adopts over five pairs of twisted pairs, the new building adopts the concealed installation method in the wall, and the old building adopts the exposed installation method of PVC trunking.
Campus network architecture design;
The expansion structure of campus network is basically mixed, which is composed of typical expansion structures such as star and bus. In modern network structured wiring engineering, star structure is mostly used, which is mainly used on the same floor and is generated by connecting computers in each room through hubs or switches. It has the advantages of simple structure, strong expansibility, low cost and good manageability. Campus network mainly adopts tree structure hierarchical wiring; The computer in each room is connected to the hub or switch of the floor, and then the hub or switch of each floor is connected to the switch or router at the exit of the building, and then the switch or router of each building is connected to the communication network of the campus network, thus forming the extension structure of the campus network. Of course, there is also the design of the overall network architecture, such as the division of vlan, and the fine division of different areas needs to be determined according to the school situation.
The campus network center and each campus access the Internet through 2M E 1 optical fiber or DDN line or ADSL. For our designated areas, such as libraries and dormitories, we can connect to the campus network through the 100M switching port, and each terminal can use the 10/ 100m * * access port.
At present, most campus networks are pure three-layer switching networks. Because the switch has three-layer functions, convergence layer can generally be classified as one layer with the access layer. The exchange equipment between each floor and each floor is directly connected with the core equipment.
Network technology:
At present, the common backbone technologies are FDDI, ATM, Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet. The first two technologies, due to many shortcomings, withdrew from the mainstream market; The latter two Ethernet technologies have become the mainstream of today's networks because of their many technical advantages. Among them, fast Ethernet with switching function supports VLAN, which is easy to upgrade to Gigabit Ethernet with superior performance and moderate price. It is generally recommended to use fast Ethernet as the backbone technology of campus network. Fast Ethernet, as mentioned above, is mainly used in the access layer of campus, such as floors and buildings; Gigabit Ethernet is mainly used to connect WAN devices between core devices, between main campus and branch campus.
Fast Ethernet
Traditional Ethernet uses 100Mb/s technology. Fast Ethernet is an upgrade of Ethernet, and its speed can be increased to100 MB/s. Now network terminal devices such as network cards and hubs support this technology, which is the mainstream of network technology and is widely used. Not only on campus, but also in the network of government and enterprises. The design of fast Ethernet is very flexible, and there are almost no restrictions on the network structure. It can be switched, shared or router-based. Nowadays, the network interconnection technologies, such as private IP switching technology and Layer 3 switching technology, are completely compatible with fast Ethernet. But also can be realized through cheap * * * shared hubs, switches or routers.
gigabit Ethernet
Gigabit Ethernet is an extension of the successful connection standard of 100 MB/s Ethernet and 100Mb/s fast Ethernet, which inherits all the advantages of fast Ethernet. Now the mature standard of Gigabit Ethernet is IEEE802.3z Gigabit Ethernet technology is based on simple Ethernet technology, which provides the network backbone with the bandwidth of1GB/s. Gigabit Ethernet uses optical fiber, Category 5 unshielded twisted pair (UTP) or coaxial cable as the transmission medium. At present, Gigabit Ethernet supports single-mode optical fiber, multimode optical fiber and coaxial cable, and the standards for supporting five types of unshielded twisted pair are being formulated.
Equipment selection:
At present, most campus network structures are constructed by switching equipment. According to the structure and users of campus network, factors such as service, manageability, stability, security and cost performance should be fully considered when selecting equipment.
The core layer is the most important part of the campus network, where stable and safe equipment must be selected. The core switch of the school network center can choose H3Com Switch 7500 series LAN core switch, SuperStack 3 series lan switches or Cisco Catalyst 6000, 5000 and 4000 series switches. These devices are the mainstream devices of major manufacturers, which are widely used in the core of network structure, with convenient management, stable performance, safety (adding security modules) and high expansibility.
Convergence layer can choose 3Com SuperStack 3 series lan switches or Cisco Catalyst 4000 series and 3500 series equipment with stable performance, convenient management and strong expansibility.
The access layer can adopt Cisco Catalyst 2900 and 3500 series switches or Huawei 28 series switches. These devices are stable in performance, low in price and powerful in function.
Of course, convergence layer can also be planned on the same floor as the access layer, and the equipment can also be selected according to the above equipment and the needs and capabilities of our school, so the access layer can use cheaper hubs.