Moscow is the capital of Russia. It is not only the largest comprehensive industrial center in China, but also a political, economic, cultural and transportation center, and a world-famous cultural and historical city. Moscow is located in the central plain of Eastern Europe, between the Oka River and the Volga River, next to moscow river. This is a beautiful city with beautiful mountains and rivers. It covers an area of 900 square kilometers and has a population of 8.8 million. The whole city is centered on the famous Kremlin and Red Square and extends outward in a ring shape. Seen from the air, thousands of streets seem to form a huge spider web, connecting the center of the city with the surrounding areas. The wide and clear moscow river flows slowly from the south of the city, adding endless charm to this beautiful city.
Moscow has a long history. The earliest urban literature can be found in 1 147. 1 15, the Grand Duke Yuli Dogo Ruschi was enfeoffed to northern Russia and built a castle on a hill near moscow river, which was called the "Kremlin". Later, a town gradually formed around it, named "Moscow", which means water in the local Watts language. To 127 1, it has become the center of Moscow Principality. /kloc-in the 4th century, the Russians gathered troops around Moscow to resist the rule of Mongolian nobles, thus unifying Russia and establishing a centralized feudal country. 1482, Moscow officially became the capital of Russia. Peter I moved to Petersburg in 17 13, but Moscow remained the largest economic, political and cultural center in Russia in 19 17. After the October Revolution, Moscow became the capital of the former Soviet Union, and its urban appearance has been constantly changing. Today's Moscow is mostly rebuilt and newly built after World War II.
The urban planning of Moscow is very good. The city is 42 kilometers long from north to south and 35 kilometers wide from east to west. There are five ring roads and 2596 streets in the city, and public transportation ranks first in the world. Moscow subway extends in all directions, with a total length of 200 kilometers, which is the highest in the world and is an important means of transportation in the city.
Moscow is the largest transportation hub in Russia. Electrified railways 1 1 and expressways 14 extend in all directions. There are 9 passenger railway stations in the city, with about 2 million passengers entering and leaving the station every day and about 700 million passengers transported throughout the year. Waterway traffic in Moscow is also very developed. Moscow river flows through the urban area and has three river ports. The Moscow Canal was dug to connect moscow river with the Volga River. In addition, many canals are connected with other water systems. Especially after the opening of the Volga-Don Canal, Moscow became the "port of five seas" of the Baltic Sea, the White Sea, the Black Sea, the Azov Sea and the Caspian Sea. Railways can go directly from Moscow to countries such as Northern Europe, Central Europe and Southeast Europe. It can reach Iran to the south and Vladivostok to the east via Siberia. There are four airports in Moscow, which are important international airports and open to more than 200 cities in China and the capitals and big cities of nearly 70 countries.
Moscow is a famous historical city with many places of interest. The Kremlin is an ancient architectural complex and the heart of Moscow, which was mainly built in14 ~17th century. Before the October Revolution, the Kremlin was the palace of the Russian czar. After the October Revolution, the Kremlin was officially the seat of the central organs of the Soviet Party, government and army until the disintegration of the Soviet Union.
Just outside the Kremlin wall is Red Square. It is located in the center of Moscow, with a total length of 700 meters, a width of 130 meters and a total area of more than 90,000 square meters. 15 After the Moscow fire in the 1990s, a square was formed on the empty ruins. Since the middle of 17, the square has been called "Red Square". Since17th century, it has been both the commercial center of Moscow and the place where the czar government read imperial edicts and held a triumphant review. After the victory of the October Revolution, Red Square became the festival center of Moscow.
On the west side of Red Square is the east wall of the Kremlin, and Spartacus Tower and Nikolai Tower stand symmetrically on the left and right sides of the palace wall. The Twin Towers fly in the air, and the red star is the symbol of Red Square.
To the south of Red Square are the famous Wali Cathedral and Brahone Cathedral. Built in 1560, it is a building consisting of nine towers and domed churches. In front of the church, there is a bronze statue in memory of patriots Minen and Bo Shalesky.
In the north of Red Square, there is a19th century red brick historical museum with a distinctive Russian style.
Red Square is a big building almost as long as Red Square. Before the October Revolution, it was a shopping mall consisting of more than 240 shops, and it was one of the big shopping malls in Europe at that time. 1953, the largest state-owned department store in China opened here.
1967, a monument to the Unknown Soldier was built in the northwest of Red Square to commemorate the soldiers who died heroically in the Great Patriotic War. The torch at the top of the monument is bright day and night, symbolizing the immortal spirit of revolutionary martyrs.
Lenin's Mausoleum is the most important building in Red Square, located in the southwest of Red Square. Not far from Lenin's mausoleum is Lenin Memorial Hall, which contains Lenin's manuscripts, books, letters and photos, as well as many books describing Lenin's life-long battle course.
The Lenin National Library in Moscow has a collection of 25 million volumes and 2.5 million manuscripts, with a total shelf length of 500 kilometers and receives more than 7,000 readers every day. There are 22 main reading rooms with 2,500 seats and more than 3,000 staff, and more than 6,543.8+0,000 new books are collected every year. The "Bookstore" on Kalinin Street is a steel-framed glass building and the largest bookstore in the world at present. Built in 1967, the sales area of books is 3,600 square meters. It keeps more than 4,500 kinds of books all the year round and receives more than 30,000 customers every day, ranking first in the world. Moscow is the largest science and technology center in Russia, where there are many scientific research institutions and nearly 100 institutions of higher learning, including the Academy of Sciences, the Academy of Agricultural Sciences, the Academy of Educational Sciences and the Academy of Medical Sciences, as well as the oldest and largest national Moscow Roman nosov University in Russia. University was founded on 1775. There are dozens of disciplines such as philosophy, history, psychology, linguistics, chemistry, and Oriental Language Institute.
What is worth mentioning is the underground railway in Moscow. Moscow Metro 1935 started construction. In this city with nearly 9 million residents, half of the population moved underground. The subway is divided into three floors with escalators on both sides. Each subway station is magnificently built, decorated with marble columns, murals, sculptures and bright chandeliers, making it like an underground museum. In the section without subway, the task of public transportation is undertaken by more than 200 bus lines and nearly 20 thousand taxis. In Moscow, bicycles are forbidden to go to the streets as a means of transportation and can only be used for exercise.
Moscow is one of the best green cities in the world and is called "green city". Per capita has more than 30 square meters of green space, accounting for 40% of the city's area, with 1 1 piece of natural forests and 98 parks, covering an area of about 2000 hectares. There are more than 700 street gardens in the urban area, covering an area of about 1.256 hectares. Coupled with indigo moscow river, thousands of splendid churches, countless historical sites and patchwork modern buildings, it is very attractive to tourists. The streets of Moscow are wide and quiet, and the long history has left many traces here. The most famous streets are the bustling Gorky Street, the elegant and chic Kalinin Street and the unique pedestrian street-Arbat Street. Arbat Street was built in 14 ~ 15 century, and it is a bustling street beside Gorky Street. Pushkin, a great Russian poet, once lived in this street, and lev tolstoy, a great Russian writer, often came here to shop and buy books. Antique shops and second-hand bookstores are important parts of this street. While building and expanding this street, some historical sites have been preserved and restored as much as possible, and Russian characteristics have been maintained. Lenin street is more than 50 meters wide, which can be regarded as the widest street in Moscow. On both sides of Marx Avenue, most of them are high-rise buildings built in19 ~ 20th century, and the most famous Russian Grand Theatre.
Moscow is a famous cultural city, and the proportion of residents with college education or above is among the best in the world. Exhibition halls and dance halls are their places of entertainment. Dozens of opera houses and theaters in this city stage plays with different styles, forms and rich themes. Among them, Moscow State Opera House is more famous. This classical building, built in 1780, has a delicate and gorgeous appearance and is performing world-class opera and ballet. Throughout Moscow, there are writers' memorial statues and commemorative plates. In addition, there are countless libraries, museums, exhibition halls, celebrities' former residences and so on. These are undoubtedly telling people that the charm of Moscow lies not only in its history, its beauty and poetry, but also in its long and splendid civilization.