In Japanese, there are several ways to show that the subject has some ability and conditions to do some behavior:

1, use "できる" directly.

"Private Japanese" "I can speak Japanese."

"Lee" and "Little Chef Li Can."

Here, the theme is represented by "は" and the content of the meeting is represented by "が "."

2. Use "ことができる".

はをすことができます.」

"Li"

Here, "Japanese dialect" and "cooking" are the concrete contents that can be done. In short, they are attributes of "Japanese dialect", and "Japanese dialect" and "Japanese cuisine" are interrelated. Different from the above, the object of specific content is "を" instead of "が". "

In this way, you can make things more specific, such as:

"Japanese words をすことができます." "I can speak Japanese."

をくことができません. ""Can't write Japanese "

Put these two sentences together and express them in the form of contrast, that is:

"Japanese characters はすことはできますが, books くことはできま.

"Can you speak or write Japanese?"

Because of the contrast, I put forward "Japanese" as the theme, with "は" as the representative; The "が" after "こと" is indicated by "は "."

3. Possible states

① Form: five verbs+れる.

Other verbs+られる.

Is:-は -がpossible verb sentence patterns.

"I personally don't want to stab you, but I don't want to eat you." "I can eat sashimi."

"Come at 8 o'clock tomorrow." "I can come at 8 o'clock tomorrow."

In the case of a five-paragraph verb, the verb changes its pronunciation:

A "よむ"+"れる" in "む" has become "れる". "

B.“ま The approximate pronunciations of "ま" and "れ" became "め". "

C then "まれる" became "める"

D. so in the five-paragraph verb, the verb becomes possible without complicated changes. You can directly change the pen name ぅ-paragraph at the end of the word to ぇ-paragraph at the end of the line, and then add る. For example:

The possible verb of "Shu" is "Shu";

The possible verb of "you ぶ" is "you べる";

The possible verbs of "Zou" are "Zou" and so on.

Japanese folk news. "I can read Japanese newspapers."

"We will have a day off, a day off, a day off, and a day trip to Maji." I have a rest on Sunday, so I can go shopping. "

What is the contract sound? Combine the consonants of the first pseudonym with the vowels of the second pseudonym to form a new pseudonym. For example, the pronunciation of ま is ma, the consonant is m, the pronunciation of れ is re, the vowel is e, and the combination of m and e becomes me. The concept of contract sound is not limited to possible verbs, and the contract sound mentioned in other contents can also be treated in this way.

② The possible state of サ-changing verb should be formed by adding られる to し. At this time, the approximate sounds of しら and ら become さ. Therefore, サ-changing. Such as "reluctance" and "explanation".

はかだからくできます. "The library is quiet and you can study hard."

はまだでができません. "I can't publish my paper in Japanese yet."

Second, the passive state

When a subject is acted by another thing, it is passive.

The form is: five verbs+れる other verbs +られる.

This form is the same as the basic form of possible state, but the five-segment verb has no similar sound change.

ササるるるしられるる. At this time, the approximate sounds of しらら and ら become さ. "

There are four types of passive dynamics:

1, when the object in the active sentence is human or animal:

Subjective sentence: "Sir, classmates, praise." "The teacher praised the students." Passive sentence: "Thank you, Mr. Student." "The student was praised by the teacher."

In this passive sentence, the subject of the active sentence becomes a complement, represented by "に"; The object of the active sentence becomes the subject, represented by "は"; This verb becomes passive (= Unpreparedness+られる).

Another example: the main sentence: "cats eat fish; Cats eat fish; Cats eat fish; Cats eat fish. " "The cat ate the fish." Passive sentence: "Fish and cats eat food." "The fish was eaten by the cat."

2. When the object in the active sentence is something that is attributed by people:

Subjective sentence: "I don't care about my time." "My brother broke my watch." Passive sentence: "personal opportunity". "My watch was broken by my brother."

In this passive sentence, the subject of the active sentence becomes a complement, represented by "に"; The attributive part of the object of the active sentence becomes the subject, which is represented by "は"; Object reservation; This verb becomes passive (= Unpreparedness+れる).

Another example is the main sentence: "バスのでのがののののののののののののの" Passive sentence: "バスのではのにをれた". On the bus, I was trampled by the person next to me. "

3, the subject of the active sentence can be ignored, when the object is not a character (mostly used for activities):

Main statement: "The school opens at 8 o'clock." "The school has a meeting since 8 o'clock." Passive sentence: "The meeting (school) starts at 8 o'clock." "The meeting (sponsored by the school) starts at 8 o'clock."

In this kind of passive sentence, the subject of the active sentence generally disappears, and it can be expressed by "によって" if necessary; The object of the active sentence becomes the subject, represented by "は"; This verb becomes passive (= Unpreparedness+れる).

Another example is the main sentence: "ぃつでがをったかかりません" "I don't know when and where. Passive sentence: "proverb, who, who" "I don't know when and where to make proverbs."

4. Passive forms of automatic words:

Some automatic words can be expressed in the passive form, which is only used to explain the reason of the action or state behind when the subject is lost.

Main sentence: "Rain falls, and wind is evil." "I caught a cold because it rained." Passive sentence: "When the rain falls, the wind is evil." "I caught a cold because I got caught in the rain."

If the subject doesn't suffer, you can't use the passive form of automatic words. For example, the main sentence: "It's raining, the trees are green, and it's raining." "It rained and the trees turned green."

Another example is the main sentence: "AUO has come, visited and traveled." "Friends came and we had a good time." Passive sentence: "AUO is coming; AUO is coming; AUO stayed; AUO stayed; AUO stayed; AUO stayed; AUO stayed; AUO stayed; AUO stayed; AUO stayed; AUO stayed; AUO stayed; AUO stayed; AUO stayed. " My friend came and I didn't finish my homework. "

grammar

Japanese knowledge points: unvoiced voice, voiced voice, semi-voiced voice and dial tone are all pseudonyms, which together with Chinese characters constitute Japanese. The pronunciation of Chinese characters is also composed of the pronunciation of pseudonyms. For example, in Japanese, the Chinese character "love" is pronounced "ぁぃ", which means "I" in Roman characters. When read together, it is the sound of the Chinese character "love". Of course, this is a coincidence. Most Chinese characters in China and Japan have different pronunciations. ) If the pen name "ぁぃ" is written in Japanese instead of the Chinese character "love", others will know that this is the word "love". It can be seen that pseudonyms can not only constitute Japanese components, but also express sounds and meanings for Chinese characters in Japanese.

Japanese friendly reminder, click on the Japanese test channel to access the related learning content of "Japanese state (possible state and passive state)".