Source: Straits Network-Xiamen Evening News
Tourists bring back peppers from Thailand, which is harmful to flies.
(Zhang Qiandeng, Jin Liang) Recently, Xiamen Inspection and Quarantine Bureau confirmed that the peppers illegally carried by passengers on Flight 3 in Thailand contained national Class II dangerous pests, including two batches of Bactrocera dorsalis/KLOC-0.
Pepper fruit fly is a second-class quarantine pest in China. It is the main pest of Solanaceae plants in Southeast Asia and Indian subcontinent, sometimes it can harm some fruit crops, but it is the most harmful to Solanaceae plants such as pepper.
Bactrocera dorsalis is also a second-class quarantine pest in China, which is omnivorous and will seriously affect the quality and yield of fruits.
It is understood that these three batches of pests were detected from 0.54 kg of pepper carried by passengers on Flight 3 who entered Thailand on June 10 and June 20, respectively. In such a short period of time, the second-class dangerous pests were continuously detected from the inbound flights of the same country, indicating that the quarantine risk of inbound baggage is still not optimistic. Xiamen Inspection and Quarantine Bureau reminds passengers not to bring fruits, peppers, eggplant, tomatoes and other eggplant vegetables when entering or leaving the country.
/show3.asp？ DB = 4 & ampid=28
Pepper pest
1, tobacco budworm
Morphological characteristics of 1. 1
The adult has a body length of 15mm, and its wings spread 27-35 mm There are several dark brown thin horizontal lines, kidney-shaped lines and circular lines on the yellow-brown front wings, which are clearer than those of the cotton bollworm. The hind wings are yellowish brown, and the outer edge is slightly narrow in dark brown broadband. The egg is flat and light yellow, with reticulate patterns on the shell and obvious egg holes. The body shape and color changes of mature larvae are similar to those of cotton bollworm. The small white dots on the dark vertical bar on the side of the body are not connected into a line, but scattered into dots. The small spines on the body surface are shorter than those of the cotton bollworm, and are conical, and the body wall is soft, thin and smooth. The pupa is reddish brown, spindle-shaped, long and similar in color to the cotton bollworm, and the base of a pair of barbs at the end of the abdomen is close.
1.2 hazardous characteristics and habits
The tobacco budworm belongs to Lepidoptera Noctuidae, also known as Noctuidae. The tobacco budworm mainly harms pepper, mainly its larvae eat buds and fruits, and also its tender stems, leaves and buds (in the middle and late May in our region, leaf biting is the main harmful symptom). After the fruit is eaten by insects, insect dung remains in the peel, which makes the pepper lose its economic value in the field. When the humidity in the field is high, peppers are easy to rot and fall off, resulting in reduced production.
The tobacco budworm occurs twice a year in our region, overwinters in the soil as a pupa, and begins to emerge in June of the following year. Adults mostly lay eggs at night, the early eggs are mostly laid at the veins on the back of the upper leaves in the host plants, and the later eggs are mostly laid on the fruit surface or petals. Newly hatched larvae crawl on plants and feed on flower buds. Eating fruit after 2-3 years old is harmful, and plants can also be harmful to fruit. The results show that the young larvae bear 1- 1.5 fruits every day, and the old larvae bear 2-3 fruits every day. Generally, when a pepper fruit is damaged by fruit borer, there is only one larva, and when the density is high, it shows cannibalism. Larvae lurks during the day, moves at night, and has suspended animation. When it matures, it will lose its fruit and become a pupa. Early-maturing pepper varieties lay fewer eggs, and the larval fruit-eating rate is low, which is less harmful, while middle-late maturing pepper varieties lay more eggs in the field with dark green leaves, good growth and early bud stage, which is seriously harmful. Larvae has two peak periods, namely, mid-late May and mid-late July.
1.3 comprehensive treatment technology
(1) Promote the use of early-maturing varieties in agricultural control to avoid the harmful period; Strengthen field management, clean up the field in time, combine pruning and harrowing the leaves with eggs in the egg-filled period, reduce the amount of eggs, remove insect fruits and reduce the population base; Planting corn moth belt on the edge of pepper field to attract moths to lay eggs, which is convenient for centralized elimination of heartleaf larvae; Deep ploughing, winter ploughing and winter irrigation should be carried out in time after pepper harvest to eliminate overwintering pupae.
⑵ Use 0.6m long poplar or willow branches with leaves to trap and kill adults, and stick them into sticks every 10, which is slightly higher than that of pepper plants. There are about 10 branches per mu, which should be replaced every 5-7 days. Insect-eating period 15-20 days continuous attraction, covering branches with plastic bags every morning.
(3) Biological control protects and utilizes natural enemies, such as Trichogramma, Chrysopa, ladybug, spider, etc. Use microbial pesticides, such as Bt emulsion, compound Bt emulsion and Bacillus 500-600 times; The biological compound virus insecticide I 1000- 1500 times has a good control effect on larvae.
(4) Chemical control: from the peak of larval hatching to the peak of 2nd instar, that is, when the larval has not eaten the fruit, pesticides should be used for control. You can choose the following chemicals and use them alternately. Pay attention to spraying the liquid medicine on the upper part of the plant and flower buds. These agents include: ① 2000 times of 5% carbendazim EC; ② 3000 times of 5% chlorhexidine EC; ③4000 times of 2.5% Kung Fu EC; ④ 2000 times of 5% Nongmont EC; ⑤ 10% Juma EC 1500 times; ⑥ 1500 times of ⑥48% Locustan EC; ⑦ 2.5% enema EC 2000 times.
2. Little Black Tiger
2. 1 morphological characteristics
Adult body length 16-23mm, dark brown. The inner and outer transverse lines of the front wing are double-line black waves, and there is an annular spot near the cavity of the front wing. The hind wings are gray and the abdomen is gray. Mature larvae are 42-47 mm long, with a yellowish brown head and a gray-black body. The back of the body is rough, covered with cracked wrinkles and black tiny particles. Larvae are divided into 6 instars.
2.2 Hazard characteristics and habits
Black cutworm is an omnivorous pest, which can harm many kinds of vegetable seedlings. Before the 3rd instar, most larvae feed on the back and center of leaves day and night, and don't go into the soil. After the 3rd instar, they lurk in shallow soil during the day and go out for food at night. When the seedlings are young, bite off the tender stems on the ground and drag them into the hole. 5-6 years old enter the gluttony period, accounting for 95% of the total food intake. Adults lie down during the day and come out at night, especially after dusk, mating and laying eggs. Adults tend to be light and sweet and sour, and the larvae after the third instar have the characteristics of suspended animation and cannibalism, and the mature larvae dive into the soil to build houses and pupate.
2.3 Integrated management technology
(1) Agricultural control Eliminate weeds in the field in early spring, reduce spawning grounds and food sources, plough more in spring, eliminate eggs on the surface of soil, dig deep into frozen soil in autumn and winter, and destroy its wintering place.
⑵ Trapping and killing adults use the phototaxis and chemotaxis of adults to trap and kill. The popularization and application effect of frequency vibration moth-trapping lamp is good. In spring, sweet and sour solution was used to trap and kill adults, and the ratio of sugar, vinegar, wine and water was 6: 3: 1: 10. Then add a small amount of trichlorfon as bait, put it in the pot, put it in the ground at night, the pot is off the ground 1 m or so, and recover the next morning.
⑶ Chemical control is generally used before the 3rd instar larvae. 2.5% trichlorfon powder is selected, and 10kg of fine soil is added per mu 1.5-2.0 kg of powder to make toxic soil, which is spread around the plants after being mixed evenly. When pepper is sprayed at seedling stage, the following chemicals can be selected: ① 90% trichlorfon crystal 1000 times solution; ②2 1% Misha EC is 8000 times; ③ 20% Juma EC is 2000 times; (4) Enemy killing or quick killing 3000 times liquid; ⑤ When the larvae are older, 80% dichlorvos or 48% dimethoxybenzene 1000 times solution can be used for root irrigation.