The first chapter is an overview of modern warehousing management. The commodity movement in the whole circulation stage of modern logistics from suppliers to final customers is regarded as a whole, so it puts forward quite high requirements for management activities themselves. Specifically, with the movement of commodity entities, there will inevitably be two physical phenomena: "place movement" and "time lapse", in which "time lapse" has become an important commercial resource in the process of close contact between production and marketing, comprehensive circulation and networking. Warehousing plays an indispensable role in the process of "time passing", and modern warehousing management activities determine the time efficiency of logistics. 1. 1 warehousing and modern warehousing 1. 1 warehousing and its characteristics The so-called warehousing is an activity aimed at changing the time state of "things", which is managed by keeping and controlling things in warehouses or specific places to overcome the time difference between production and demand to obtain better results. In the logistics system, warehousing and transportation are regarded as two pillars, because transportation bears the heavy responsibility of changing the spatial state of "things" and warehousing bears the heavy responsibility of changing the temporal state of "things". Warehousing is accompanied by the surplus of social products and the need of product circulation. When the products can't be consumed in time and need to be stored in a special place, static storage comes into being. And the management of storage, control, processing and distribution. , forming a dynamic storage. Modern warehousing management mainly studies a series of management activities of dynamic warehousing to accelerate the modernization process of warehousing industry. China warehousing industry has the following characteristics: 1. Fragmentation leads to serious redundant construction. 2. The macro layout of the warehouse is unreasonable. 3. The storage stock is huge, but the management level is low. 4. The technical level of warehousing varies greatly. 5. The warehouse management system is not perfect. 1. 1.2 Transformation from traditional warehousing to modern warehousing. With the personalized and diversified development of modern consumer demand, the life cycle of products is shortened and the speed of putting new products on the market is accelerated. This change requires logistics activities to change from the mode of few varieties and large quantities to the mode of many varieties, small quantities and small quantities. As a result, the traditional storage mode based on the passive concept of "storage" and focusing on improving storage efficiency has been transformed into a modern circulation storage mode based on the active concept of "circulation" and focusing on improving customer logistics service level. Circulation storage mode not only requires improving storage efficiency, but also requires timely, accurate and fast meeting customers' logistics service needs. The transformation from traditional warehousing to modern warehousing puts forward higher requirements for warehousing management, and also brings new challenges to warehousing operations. This challenge is manifested in the following three aspects. 1. increases the difficulty and refinement of warehousing operation. 2. Higher requirements are put forward for the efficiency and speed of operation. 3. Meet customer logistics services at a deeper level. 1. 1.3 The position and function of warehousing industry in logistics system. Warehousing plays a "node" role in the logistics system. It not only solves the contradiction between supply and demand in time, but also creates new time benefits (such as seasonal differences). Therefore, the warehousing industry plays an important role in the logistics system. The main functions of warehousing in modern logistics are: (1) regulating "supply" and "demand"; (2) ensuring the quality of goods in the process of logistics; (3) warehousing is an important means to speed up the circulation of goods and save the circulation cost; (4) improving the service quality and increasing the income of enterprises; (5) sensors for market information; (6) providing credit guarantee; (7) spot trading places/. Assembly function (common function) diagram 1-. The sorting job receives customers' combined orders from manufacturers, sorts them or divides them into individual orders, and delivers them to individual customers. The following figure illustrates this classification process. Figure 1-2 Classification process warehouse in warehousing process uses transshipment combination points (such as cross-platform facilities) to realize classification and cross-function. It is similar to a sorting job, but it receives orders from multiple manufacturers. Cross-platform operation is widely used by retail chain stores to supplement the inventory of FMCG stores. The application process is as follows: (1) Cross-platform receiving vehicle goods delivered by multiple manufacturers; After receiving the goods, the goods with labels are classified according to customers, and the goods without labels are classified according to locations; Then, load different customers across platforms. Because the warehousing link is omitted, the cost of handling and loading and unloading across platforms and warehouses is reduced, so that warehousing enterprises and suppliers can obtain their own economic benefits from classification and cross-function. The figure below illustrates the application of the classification and crossover functions. Figure 1-3 Classification and cross-flow in warehousing process 4. Processing/Delaying warehousing enterprises can delay or delay production by undertaking a small amount of production, processing and manufacturing activities. A warehouse with packaging capacity or simple processing capacity can postpone the last process of product production until the product demand is known. For example, the cannery can postpone or postpone the last process of canned production-labeling until the products are out of the warehouse. The unlabeled cans in the warehouse are not ordered. Once the customer orders, the warehouse labels the products to complete the production of the last process, indicating that the goods have been ordered, and then determines the packaging form and delivery according to the ordering characteristics. This processing/delay function is beneficial to both warehousing enterprises and manufacturers. On the one hand, manufacturers can provide customized products for specific customers to meet the needs of specific customers and reduce the risks brought by blind production; On the other hand, warehousing enterprises increase their income by increasing processing business, and check the inventory level of goods by identifying whether the last process of products is completed, so as to control inventory and reduce inventory costs. 1.2.2 Several types of value-added services: (1) Customer-centered value-added services (2) Promotion-centered value-added services (3) Manufacturing-centered value-added services (4) Time-centered value-added services: (1) Increased convenience services (2) Acceleration. 8+0.3 Modern warehousing management 1.3. 1 the development history of warehousing management 1. Simple warehouse management stage 2. Complex warehouse management stage 3. Modern warehousing management stage 1.3.2 research object and content warehousing management: warehousing management studies the operation and management of goods warehousing in the process of commodity circulation. That is to say, it studies the business activities of commodity warehousing in the process of commodity circulation, as well as the planning, organization, command, supervision and adjustment activities to improve the business efficiency of warehousing enterprises. Content of warehouse management: (1) planning and organization of warehouse; (2) Acquisition of storage resources; (3) warehouse management decision and plan; (4) business management; (5) Warehouse business management; (6) Warehouse inventory management; (7) safety management; (8) personnel and labor management; (9) Storage cost accounting and performance analysis. 1.3.3 The task of modern warehousing management (1) is to obtain the maximum allocation of warehousing resources by means of market economy (2) to establish an efficient management organization and a perfect management team (3) to carry out business activities on the principle of continuously meeting social needs (4) to organize warehousing production on the principle of high efficiency and low cost (5) to establish a corporate image with high-quality services (6) from technical fields to Understand the layout and planning objectives and principles of warehouse system? Master the main points of common analysis methods for warehouse location decision? Understand the main modes and contents of warehouse layout? Master the main contents of commonly used calculation and analysis methods in warehouse and yard design? What are the objectives and principles of warehouse system location? What factors should be considered in warehouse location? Use qualitative or quantitative methods to make site selection decisions? The structure and layout of the warehouse? Know how to arrange warehouses and yards scientifically and reasonably. Scale design and calculation of warehouses and yards? What are the key points of container yard design and layout? What are the principles and analysis methods of warehouse system planning and design? What are the difficulties in the calculation and analysis of storage scale? Correct application of quantitative methods in case analysis. Teaching methods? Teaching? Case discussion, teaching design, teaching AIDS, watercolor pens, whiteboards and computer courseware. Bibliography 1 Li Yongsheng Warehousing and Distribution Management Machinery Industry Press Beijing 20032 Liang Jun Warehousing Management Higher Education Press Beijing July 3, 2003 Zhen Hong et al. Warehousing Management and Practice of Logistics Enterprises China Materials Press Beijing 2003 Teaching Process Operation 1. What is the motivation for enterprises to choose warehouses? 2. A factory producing chemical fertilizer wants to build warehouses for its three factories (factory, factory and factory). Assuming that there is a linear relationship between transportation volume and transportation cost, the positions and annual output of three factories are shown in the figure and table, and try to calculate the warehouse position by using the center of gravity method. Table 2. 1 output table of each factory/annual output 600082007000 Figure 2- 1 factory layout matrix 3. What are the considerations for warehouse location? 4. How to arrange warehouses and yards scientifically and reasonably? 5. What are the calculation methods of warehouse and yard size, and what are the characteristics of these methods? 6. The new warehouse of the factory is expected to have a maximum storage capacity of 200 tons ... It is understood that when the area of other warehouses in our factory is 500m, the maximum storage capacity is 150t, and the storage capacity is not fully utilized. Find out the area of the new warehouse. 7. It is planned to build a new warehouse, with the designed maximum storage capacity 1200t, the cargo storage capacity per unit area of 3t/m, and the effective area utilization coefficient of the warehouse of 0.5, so as to calculate the warehouse area. 8. How to reduce container dumping? 9. How to lay out the container yard? For homework, refer to answer 2. Solution: It is derived from the formula of gravity center = =172 = = 262.7, so the address of the warehouse (,) = (172,262.7). 6. Solution: According to the above formula, take =0.9 and get =5000.9=600m7. Solution: Substitute the numerical value into the formula and get =800(m). Teaching Reflection Chapter II Introduction of Modern Warehouse Planning and Design Course: The planning and design of warehouse system in enterprise logistics system planning is a key part, which is related to the circulation speed and cost of goods and the right of enterprises. It is related to the establishment of competitive advantage of enterprises. This chapter will focus on the principles and methods of storage system planning and design. Teaching content: 2. 1 layout and planning of warehouse system. Blind selection and planning of warehouses will cause great waste. Planning refers to the concept of overall design, which thoroughly and systematically analyzes all procedures in advance, and then sets a clear framework for the establishment of the system. Obviously, the core problem to be solved at the level of warehouse system planning is the layout and scale of warehouses in the market area. 2. 1. 1 Determination of storage scale Factors affecting storage scale: 1, the number of goods to be stored in the warehouse. 2. The economic significance of reasonably determining the time scale of commodity storage: the designed storage capacity is greater than the actual needs, which will reduce the utilization rate of storage facilities and equipment; On the other hand, if the storage scale is underestimated, the construction of storage will be less than the actual demand of goods in and out, which will seriously affect the normal operation of commodity storage and storage technology. 2. 1.2 Overview of warehouse system location: The location of warehouse system includes two levels: one is location selection, and the other is addressing. Figure 2-2 1. The significance of warehouse system location directly affects the speed and cost of commodity circulation, the service level and quality of enterprises to customers, and ultimately affects the sales volume and profit of enterprises. Once the choice is improper, it will bring many bad consequences to the enterprise, and it is difficult to change. Therefore, when the warehouse system is located, we must fully consider the influence of many factors and make careful decisions. 2. The goal and principle of warehouse system location: The location of warehouse system has a great relationship with the enterprise type to which the warehouse belongs. The location of the affiliated warehouse of industrial enterprises pursues the minimum cost; The location of affiliated warehouses of logistics enterprises pursues the maximization of income or the optimization of service level. Principles in qualitative analysis: 1) cost principle. Economic benefits are important for any type of storage. 2) Close to the customer principle. In order to reduce freight and improve the response speed to customer needs. 3) The principle of long-term development. Strategic awareness. The location should consider the distribution and future development of customers. 3. Factors to be considered in storage system location 1) Customer conditions. 2) Natural geographical conditions. 3) Transportation conditions. 4) Cost factor. 5) Whether the local environmental water and electricity can guarantee the supply; 6) time. Summary: Only places with dense customer distribution, convenient transportation and shipping conditions and low land prices are suitable storage locations. 4. Procedures for warehouse system location 1) Determine the objectives and principles of warehouse location. 2) Collect the basic conditions required for site selection. For example, define the business type of the warehouse, predict the business volume, and master the cost and customer information. 3) Preliminary determination of alternative sites. 4) Determine the position after evaluation and analysis. 2. 1.3 warehouse system location method 1, factor scoring method: it is a qualitative and quantitative method for comprehensive evaluation of multi-objective decision-making schemes. It evaluates, compares and selects decision-making schemes by transforming multiple goals into a comprehensive single goal. There is a scheme (), in which each scheme has a target value and the evaluation score of each target value is (). According to the importance of the target, its weight is (), then:, (2- 1) Take this linear weighted value as a new evaluation criterion (target evaluation), and make the maximum scheme the optimal decision of multi-objective location problem, that is, (2-). If the expert gives an opinion and the first person's evaluation is, it can be calculated according to the following formula: (2-3) Figure 2-32. The number, scale and location of warehouses in the logistics network are calculated by linear programming method, and the goal is to minimize the transportation cost of all products through the network under the following constraints: 1) The supply capacity of each factory cannot be exceeded. 2) All product requirements must be met. 3) The throughput of each warehouse cannot exceed its throughput capacity. 4) Before the warehouse can start operation, the minimum throughput must be reached. 5) All products needed by the same consumer must be supplied by the same warehouse. For example, a logistics company needs to build a warehouse according to its development plan. The warehouse can be selected from four locations: 0, 0, 0, 0. Due to different local conditions, the construction cost and the throughput of the warehouse after completion are also different. It represents the throughput after the establishment of the warehouse in this location, and represents the cost of establishing the warehouse in this location. After the warehouse is built, the materials can be distributed to these five locations; Expressed needs. Represents the unit freight from to. Under the condition of satisfying each distribution point, how to choose the warehouse location to minimize the sum of construction cost and freight can be solved by establishing the following mathematical model. We assume that it is expressed by the quantity of materials provided, and the mathematical model of this problem is as follows: 3. The center of gravity method is a method to arrange a single facility. The basic principle is that there are a series of points representing the place of production and the place of demand, and each point has a certain amount of goods transported to the warehouse to be determined at a certain transportation rate, or transported out of the warehouse, so the warehouse should be built at the point with the lowest total transportation cost. That is, in Formula (2-4):-Total transportation cost; —— the traffic volume at this point; -Point-to-point transportation speed; —— the distance from the warehouse whose location is to be determined to this point; -Transportation costs from point to point. To find the sum of the location coordinates with the lowest transportation cost, the formula used in the barycenter method is = (2-5) = (2-6), where:-X coordinate of barycenter; -y coordinate of the center of gravity; -The coordinates of the first place; -The coordinates of the first place; -Quantity of goods shipped to or from the first place. 4. Delphi analysis model The steps of using this model are as follows: 1) Set two groups. 2) Identify existing threats and opportunities. 3) Determine the strategic direction and objectives of the organization. 4) Propose alternatives. 5) Optimize the alternatives. 2.2 warehouse system design 2.2. 1 warehouse scale calculation and layout 1. Warehouse layout is to scientifically and reasonably arrange two areas (reservoir area and living area), four areas (business place, auxiliary business place, office place and living area) and other facilities according to the overall design of the warehouse, and its purpose is to make full use of storage space and living area. The layout of the warehouse should be carried out in accordance with the principle of "neat layout, compact application, land saving and convenient production and management". 2. Warehouse layout 1) Radiant bin 2) Suction bin 3) Aggregation bin 4) vermicelli bin Figure 2-4 Radiation bin Figure 2-7 vermicelli bin Figure 2-5 Suction bin Figure 2-6 Aggregation bin 3. The main content of warehouse layout (1) The choice of warehouse structure type is mainly determined according to the functions and tasks of the warehouse. It mainly includes: 1) Whether the main function of the warehouse is simple storage or has the functions of sorting, distribution processing and distribution. 2) Stored articles, and the nature, type, quantity and external dimensions of the stored articles. 3) Whether the internal and external environment of the warehouse requires normal temperature, cold storage or constant temperature, as well as anti-theft, fire prevention, pollution prevention and other conditions. 4) Economic capacity, investment, requirements for operating costs, etc. (2) Warehouse facilities and equipment configuration table 2.2 Storage function and equipment type function require equipment types, such as inventory, picking shelves, forklifts, palletizing machines, lifting and transportation machines, distribution sorting machines, pallets, trucks, transmission machines, inspection, maintenance and testing instruments, tools, maintenance facilities, fire prevention, anti-theft temperature monitors, fire alarms, monitors, anti-theft alarm facilities and other working machines and tools required for distribution and processing. Manage computers and auxiliary equipment, platforms (cargo platforms), tracks, roads, venues and other supporting facilities. (3) Determination of storage area and parameters. The storage area depends on the total amount, type and composition of the goods stored. For a single-room warehouse without large equipment, 500:700m is appropriate, and for a large-scale warehouse with high mechanization, its area can reach 1000: 2000 m, and the length of the warehouse should be greater than the length of the loading and unloading line; The width of the warehouse can be 1/8: 1/3. The width of a small warehouse is generally10:13m; Medium-sized warehouse 20:25m. The height of the warehouse depends on the equipment used in the warehouse and the stacking height of the goods. Generally, the single-storey warehouse is 5m, the multi-storey warehouse is 4:5m at the bottom and 3.5:4m at the top. Some warehouses with cranes can reach more than 8m. (4) Determine the main structure of the warehouse. The main structure of the warehouse includes: foundation, floor, skeleton structure, column, wall, roof, building, floor, window, entrance, eaves and ventilation device. 1) warehouse framework problem. 2) Fire prevention. 3) the size of the entrance. 4) Height of platform (cargo platform). (5) Warehouse auxiliary facilities and equipment 1) Storage equipment. 2) Sorting device and loading and unloading equipment. 4. The plane area of the warehouse is mainly determined by the quantity of goods stored, but it is also restricted by other factors, such as the bearing capacity of the ground structure affects the storage capacity per unit area, the packaging strength of goods affects the stacking height, and the mechanization degree of loading and unloading goods in the warehouse also affects the determination of the warehouse area. There are three methods to calculate the plane area of warehouse: 1) quota calculation method 2) comparative analogy method 3) direct calculation method 2.2.2 yard scale design and plane layout 1. How to determine the chart In a coordinate chart, the coordinate line divides the chart into four quadrants, and each quadrant has a set of changing curves. It reflects the relationship between two variables. Figure 2-7 Parameters of Main Area of Bulk Cargo Yard Figure 2. The basic starting point of volume calculation method is that the volume of freight yard determined according to the geometry of piles should be equal to the volume determined by the capacity of freight yard under the condition of fixed types of goods, storage methods and piles. From this, the main geometric calculation methods of the yard can be deduced. The code length is the key parameter, which can be determined by the following formula: (2- 12) where:-code length (m)- code width (m)- code pile height (m)- stacking angle-code number. When using different freight yard equipment, this value is related to the number of equipment, and generally the following values can be taken: (1) integration of stacking and taking equipment; Stacking and taking equipment is separated; When using the gantry crane:-number of machines-yard capacity (t)- cargo capacity (t/m)- yard height utilization coefficient-yard length utilization coefficient-yard width sum. The method to determine this value is: stacking. If the separation lanes between different kinds of goods are further considered, the actual length of the yard will increase. Through analysis, the number of cargo intervals is related to the number of yards and layout form, and the average increase of each yard length caused by this should be: in the formula:-the total number of goods on the yard-the width of cargo interval (m). So the formula for calculating the code length is +(2- 13). In the above formula, the volume utilization coefficient has a great influence on the calculation results. Because, in the actual stacking operation, it is impossible to stack the goods so ideally, resulting in the length and height of the yard not being fully utilized. When this formula is quoted, it must be measured on site. In order to improve the accuracy of this coefficient, multi-code statistics can be carried out as a reference for value selection. This paper gives a preliminary range of values, that is, the length utilization coefficient of the yard can be 0.6:0.8, and the height utilization coefficient can be 0.7:0.8. 2.2.3 Design and layout of container yard 1. General method of packaging yard management 1) stacking rules of the yard ① stacking rules of tire gantry crane operation. A. the coding method of the box area. B the relationship between the height of the box area and the lifting height of the tire crane. C. safety requirements. The safety factor of stacking should be fully considered when the container enters the site. The difference between independent floors of adjacent rows should not be greater than 3. (2) The stacking rules of different boxes. A basic principle: heavy containers and empty containers should be stacked separately; Refrigerated boxes, dangerous goods boxes and extra-heavy boxes are stacked in the corresponding special box area; The air inlet box and the air outlet box are stacked separately; The export heavy containers are stacked in different ports and tons according to the shipping requirements; Empty containers are stacked separately according to different container racks, sizes and box types, and dirty and bad containers are stacked separately; Heavy boxes are stacked according to the load requirements of the freight yard. B. Layout of the inlet of the outlet box. C. layout of the inlet of the inlet box. D. arrange for empty containers to enter the site. 2) Classification of container areas According to different classification methods, different container areas can be divided. ① According to the import and export business, it can be divided into import box area and export box area; ② According to the types of container goods, it can be divided into ordinary container area, dangerous goods container area, refrigerated container area, special container area and transit container area; ③ Empty and heavy containers can be divided into empty container area and heavy container area. 3) Arrangement flow of various operations at the yard dock when the container comes into the site ① Imported containers come into the site to unload. Arrange the container space according to the unloading map or container list provided by the shipping agent and the stacking rules of the yard. (2) the export box into the stack comes into play. According to the pre-distribution list or work contact list provided by the shipping agent, land at the unloading port and the destination port, and formulate the "requirements for warehousing, port separation and tonnage distribution", and the yard planner formulates the "plan for entering the warehouse" according to the stacking rules. 4) Container yard homing, merging and transposition homing refers to the operation process of changing the state of containers in the dock yard from the pre-changed slot area to the changed designated slot area. Parallel positioning generally refers to the operation process of sorting and merging scattered containers at the same location in the same yard. Transposition generally refers to the operation process of sorting and transferring containers between different boxes in the same freight yard or between different boxes in the same box area. Generally, only two field operation machines and horizontal transportation machines can cooperate to complete the operation. The main purpose of container yard recycling, merging and transferring is to improve the utilization rate of the yard, improve the operation efficiency of the container area, reduce the possibility of errors in dock operation and reduce the turnover of containers.