1936/kloc-0 was born in the United States on October 27th, and returned to China with his parents three months later.

65438-0956, studying in the Department of Physics and Mathematics, University of Michigan.

1960 master.

1962 received his doctorate and worked in CERN, Switzerland for one year.

From 65438 to 0964, he worked at Columbia University.

1976 won the nobel prize in physics.

Chinese American physicist. Born in Rizhao City, Shandong Province, China,193665438+1October 27th, Michigan, USA, he spent his middle school days in Taiwan Province Province. Ding Zhaozhong entered the University of Michigan on 1956, received his master's degree on 1960, and received his doctorate on 1962. 1963- 1964 worked in CERN, 1964- 1967 worked in Columbia University. From 1967, Professor of Physics Department of Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and from 1977, he was elected as an academician of American Academy of Sciences.

Ding Zhaozhong is mainly engaged in high-energy experimental physics, elementary particle physics, quantum electrodynamics and the interaction between γ radiation and matter. His most outstanding contribution is that in 1974, he and Li Xite independently discovered the J/ψ particle. For this, both of them won the 1976 Nobel Prize in Physics.

1In the summer of 972, the Ding Zhaozhong experimental team used the proton accelerator of Brookhaven National Laboratory in the United States to find long-lived hitting particles with the mass between1.5×109 ev and 5.5×109 ev. 1974, they discovered a long-lived hitting particle (energy is 3. 1× 109eV) whose mass is about three times that of protons. When publishing this discovery publicly, Ding Zhaozhong named this new particle J, in which "J" is similar to the Chinese character "D", indicating that it was discovered by China people. At the same time, American Richter discovered this kind of particle and named it ψ particle. Later, people called this particle J/ψ particle. J/ψ particles have peculiar properties, and their life span is 5000 times longer than expected. This shows that it has a new internal structure, which can't be explained by three kinds of taste quarks known at that time, and it needs to be explained by introducing a fourth kind of quark-charm quark. The discovery of J/ψ particles greatly promoted the development of particle physics.

In addition, Ding Zhaozhong discovered the phenomenon of three jets in the summer of 1979 through the physical experiment of high-energy electron-positron collision, which provided experimental basis for the existence of gluons and quantum chromodynamics. His experiments on the interference effect of electromagnetic action and weak action at high energy provide experimental basis for the unified theory of weak electricity. Starting from 198 1, he organized and led an international group-L3 group, with nearly 400 physicists from about 13 countries including China. High-energy physics experiments were carried out on CERN's high-energy electron-positron collider LEP to find new basic particles and new phenomena in particle physics.

Ding Zhaozhong is keen on training high-energy physics talents in China, and often selects young scientists from China to work in the group he leads. He is an honorary professor of China University of Science and Technology and a member of the Academic Committee of Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

A few days ago, the 2005 World Physics Year was launched in Europe. He is leading 58/kloc-0 physicists from 43 first-class universities and research institutes in the United States, France, Germany and China 14 countries to explore new substances and antimatter in the universe on the world's strongest electron-positron collider built in Geneva.

Ding Zhaozhong (Ding Zhaozhong 1936~ ~). Experimental physicist. My ancestral home is Rizhao, Shandong. 1936/kloc-0 was born in Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA on October 27th, and returned to China with his parents three months later. I have been to many places in China with my parents from 1936 to 1949. He had no formal education in his childhood, but he was exposed to the culture, history and dialects of different provinces and listened to the discussions of many scholars who often went to his home. From 65438 to 0949, Ding Zhaozhong entered Jianguo Middle School in Taiwan Province Province and received a strict education. He did well in math, physics and history. 1956 went to the university of Michigan, USA, and studied in the department of physics and mathematics successively. 1960 got the master's degree, 1962 got the doctor's degree in physics. 1963, he got a scholarship from Ford Foundation to work at CERN in Geneva, Switzerland. From 65438 to 0964, he worked at Columbia University. From 65438 to 0965, he became a lecturer at Columbia University in new york. Professor from Physics Department of Massachusetts Institute of Technology 1967. He is an academician of the American Academy of Sciences. His research interests include high-energy experimental particle physics, including quantum electrodynamics, unified theory of weak current, and quantum chromodynamics. The Mark Jay experimental group led by him has worked in several international experimental centers.

Because of Ding Zhaozhong's contribution to physics, he was awarded the 1976 Nobel Prize in Physics, the American Lorenz Prize and the 1988 Tekasperry Prize in Science by the Italian government. He is an academician of the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts, the Soviet Academy of Sciences, the Academia Sinica in China, and the Pakistani Academy of Sciences. He was awarded honorary doctorates by University of Michigan (1978), Chinese University of Hong Kong (1987), University of Bologna (1988) and Columbia University (1990). He is an honorary professor in China, Shanghai Jiaotong University and Beijing Normal University. He has won many medals, such as 1977 Erin Gold Award from American Society of Engineering Science, Leopard Excellence Award from taormina, Italy, and Science Gold Award from Brescia, Italy. He is also the editorial board of scientific journals such as Nuclear Physics B, Nuclear Instruments and Methods and Mathematical Modeling.

Second, scientific achievements.

1. Discovered Ding particles and won the Nobel Prize in Physics.

Since 1965, the experimental group led by Ding Zhaozhong has carried out a series of excellent experiments on quantum electrodynamics and vector mesons (ρ, φ, φ) at the electron synchrotron in Hamburg, Federal Republic of Germany (the beam energy is 7.5× 109eV), including the study of photogenerated vector mesons, the decay of vector mesons, and the experimental verification of vector-based models. Experiments also prove the correctness of quantum electrodynamics.

In the summer of 1972, Ding Zhaozhong experimental group used the 3.3× 10 10eV proton accelerator of Brookhaven National Laboratory in the United States to search for long-lived hitting particles with the mass between (1.5 ~ 5.5 )× 109EV.

1974, they discovered a long-lived hit particle, whose mass is about three times that of protons (3. 1× 109eV). When publishing this discovery publicly, Ding Zhaozhong named this new particle J. The shapes of J and D are similar, which means that this particle was discovered in China. At the same time, American B. richter also discovered this kind of particle and named it ψ particle. Later (1975), people called this kind of particle J/ψ particle. J/ψ particles have peculiar properties, and their life span is 5000 times longer than expected. This shows that it has a new internal structure, which cannot be explained by the known three-flavor quarks at that time, and it needs to be explained by introducing the fourth quark-charm quark. The discovery of J/ψ particles greatly promoted the development of particle physics. For this reason, Ding Zhaozhong and Li Xite both won the 1976 Nobel Prize in Physics.

2. Ding Zhaozhong's research focuses on experimental particle physics, quantum electrodynamics and the interaction between light and matter. Up to now, his major academic contributions are: (1) the discovery of anti-deuterium; (2) In the past 25 years, a series of experiments have been carried out to examine quantum electrodynamics, which show that electrons, muons and τ-ons are point particles with a radius less than 10- 16 cm; (3) the experiment of accurately studying vector mesons; (4) Studying the photogenerated vector mesons and confirming the similarity between photons and vector mesons; (5) the discovery of J particles; (6) Study on the generation of muon pairs; (7) Discovery of gluon injection; (8) Systematic study of gluon physics; (9) The accurate measurement of muon charge asymmetry shows the correctness of the standard electric weak model for the first time; (10) Within the framework of the standard model, it is confirmed that there are only three generations of neutrinos in the universe.

3. Enthusiastically cultivate high-energy physics talents.

Starting from 198 1, Ding Zhaozhong organized and led an international cooperation group-L3 group, and prepared to carry out high-energy physics experiments on the high-energy electron-positron collider LEP which is expected to be built by the European Nuclear Center in 1988, and will analyze the energy of the center of mass system in1kloc-0/65438. At present, L3 Group has nearly 400 physicists from about 13 countries, including China.

Ding Zhaozhong is keen on training high-energy physics talents in China, and often goes back to China to select young scientists to work in the group he leads. He was hired as an honorary professor of China University of Science and Technology and a member of the Academic Committee of Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

4. Lead the "Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer" experiment to explore antimatter.

1On June 2, 998, at 6: 09 a.m. EDT, the space shuttle Discovery took off, carrying the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer developed by China, the United States and other countries for running experiments, which opened the prelude to the first search for antimatter and dark matter in space.

Alpha magnetic spectrometer experiment is a large-scale international cooperative scientific experiment project. The experiment was led by Professor Ding Zhaozhong, including physicists and engineers from 37 research institutions in the United States, China, Italy, Switzerland, Germany, Finland and other countries and regions. There are no fewer than 200 scientists and engineers in China alone. Its purpose is to find antimatter and dark matter in space.

Judging from the received 1% data, the data returned by the Alpha magnetic spectrometer running on the space shuttle this time is normal, and the expected antiprotons have appeared, but due to the small number, it cannot be said that antimatter has been found. Alpha magnetic spectrometer will return to the ground with the space shuttle on June 12. We will go into space again in 2002 and stay in space for 3-5 years. The Alpha Space Station will be built in the second half of this year, and the first batch of components will go into space for the first time on1998+065438+1October 20th.

Third, anecdotes

1. Don't let go of any problems.

Ding Zhaozhong's ancestral home is Rizhao County. Father Ding and mother Wang Juanying both teach in universities. During 1936, when Ding and his pregnant wife Wang Juanying went to the United States for an academic visit, Wang Juanying gave birth prematurely unexpectedly. The baby who came into this world early is Ding Zhaozhong.

/kloc-in the winter of 0/948, Ding Zhaozhong began to receive formal education. Influenced by his family, he is meticulous and devoted to his studies. When he met a difficult problem, he looked through all the books and wouldn't give up until he got the answer. Once the physics teacher gave up a thinking question, and many students found it difficult to give up, waiting for the teacher to explain. Ding Zhaozhong is not like this. He wants to eat and walk, while other students go out for activities. Only he is still thinking hard about that problem. An hour passed, two hours passed ... finally, he thought of a solution to the problem. He immediately ran to the library to find information to verify whether his method was correct until he confirmed that his method of solving problems was correct. He listens carefully in class, and whether he is sure of his answer or not, he is always the first to raise his hand to answer the teacher's question. When discussing problems with classmates after class, we often argue that we have a clear understanding. He spends most of his spare time in the library and seldom plays ball games and watches movies with his classmates. He believes that "the most wasted thing is time."

Thanks to Ding Zhaozhong's efforts, he achieved excellent results in all subjects, especially in mathematics and physics, which laid a solid foundation for him to achieve his lifelong goal.

2. Decided to be an experimental physicist

1956 September, Ding Zhaozhong reluctantly bid farewell to his parents and went to the United States to study. I started my hard study at the University of Michigan.

During his college years, Ding Zhaozhong was able to break the limitations of books to understand physical phenomena. He believes that "as a scientist, the most important thing is to constantly explore things outside the textbook."

After three years' hard work, Ding Zhaozhong got a master's degree in mathematics and physics, and then studied in the Institute of Physics of the University of Michigan for two years, and got a doctorate in advance. He originally wanted to be a theoretical physicist, but two things prompted him to change his ambition. One is in the research institute, where he humbly consulted famous professors with profound knowledge such as Uberk Keyes, and they all liked this diligent China student. Professor Ulenbock told him that being an experimenter is more useful than being a theorist. The other is the first summer in college. Two professors are conducting an experiment in summer. Due to the lack of assistants, Ding Zhaozhong was invited to take part in the experiment. Since then, he has formed an indissoluble bond with experimental physics.

3. Concerned about the scientific development of the motherland

Although Ding Zhaozhong became an American citizen, he deeply knew that his roots were in China. For the development of high-energy physics in the motherland, he made great efforts to travel across oceans, made academic exchanges and visits to the mainland for many times, introduced the development of international high-energy physics, and strived to promote the cooperation between international physicists and Chinese physicists. Under his personal guidance and meticulous care, some China scientists engaged in research have obtained doctoral degrees in Europe and America. He not only trained a group of scientific research talents in experimental physics for China, but also worked hard to train graduate students in experimental physics for the motherland. He is currently employed as an honorary professor at China University of Science and Technology. Ding Zhaozhong said: "Since 4,000 years, China has made many important contributions in the history of human natural development, and will certainly make greater contributions in the future. I hope to train more talents for China within the time I can work. "

4. Characteristics of academic thought

Ding Zhaozhong's academic thought is characterized by attaching great importance to experiments in scientific research. He believes that physics is developed on the basis of close interaction between experiment and theory, and the basis of theoretical progress is that theory can explain existing experimental facts and predict new phenomena that can be confirmed by experiments. When an experimental result in physics contradicts the theoretical prediction, a revolution will take place in physics and a new theory will emerge. According to the history of physics and personal experience of nearly a quarter century, he pointed out that many important experiments, such as the discovery of parity non-conservation and parity compound symmetry (CP) in the decay of K mesons, the discovery of J particles and the discovery of high-temperature superconductors, have opened up new research fields in physics, but these experimental discoveries were made without theoretical interest in advance. Another example is the basic discovery of particle physics made by high-energy accelerator experiments in recent years. Except for W particles and Z particles, almost all particles were not predicted when the accelerator was built. He stressed that no theory can refute the experimental results. On the contrary, if a theory does not conform to the facts observed in the experiment, then it cannot exist. His view of attaching importance to scientific experiments is of great guiding significance to scientific workers.