* keywords, keywords, originated from library science, are used for monographs and online search, which refer to words that can reflect the central concept of an article or a work, and also refer to words that must be found in information retrieval content. In reading, we can extract five key words to achieve better reading effect.

Frame keyword

* The first category of keywords is frame keywords. Frame keywords are the keywords for us to construct a book or a course frame, which can be understood as nodes in the knowledge structure, and knowledge should be connected through these nodes.

* How to extract frame keywords? This requires us to find some sentences about knowledge connection when reading, which are just to establish the connection between some keywords. For example, the three elements of argumentation in the book "Learning to Ask Questions", including title, conclusion and reason, are three key words of the framework; Another example is the fast reading, deep reading, theme reading and fragment reading in onion reading. In the book, the relationship between them is discussed in front of each chapter, which can also be considered as frame keywords.

* Generally speaking, frame keywords are keywords as knowledge connection nodes, which are very useful for understanding a book, memorizing a book or establishing a knowledge system.

Pragmatic keywords

* The second category of keywords are pragmatic keywords. The function of pragmatic keywords is to inspire us to think of a pragmatic tool. For example, RIA is a pragmatic keyword, which represents a tool and a method, and is the name we gave to this tool and method.

* How to better extract pragmatic keywords? The best way is to write RIA notes, and the key word is what is in my notes. What is this tool? By writing I, A 1, A2, we can deeply understand pragmatic keywords.

* For example, in the course taught by Shao Yi yesterday, we talked about this industry trend, the trend of the times and company analysis, which are both framework keywords and pragmatic keywords, especially company analysis keywords. The following are divided into four directions: moat, business model, leadership and management model. This is actually a set of tools. This is a pragmatic keyword, which is to remind us of the name of this tool, write a note to learn more, and disassemble it for our own use.

Interrogative keywords

* The third category of keywords are question keywords. We can use this concept in "learning to ask questions". Some words can cause ambiguity, so we think they are the key words of questions. Just like the word "meaning" in appearance and essence, meaning has too many meanings. "What do you mean? Is that what you mean? That's not what you mean, is it? What does this mean? " These words are query keywords, which can arouse our doubts and make us think critically.

* How to extract query keywords? When we are reading, if we feel that we disagree, feel strange and have problems, we can extract the most critical word in this sentence as the key word for questioning. For example, when reading Learn to Ask Questions, there is a sentence in the translation that "the so-called values in this book refer to those concepts that people think are more valuable", which is very confusing and obviously unintelligible. The values here are the key words of questioning.

Break through keywords

* The fourth category is breakthrough keywords. This kind of keyword is that when we read a concept and a sentence, we feel that we have opened a new window and feel great. Aha, it's time. There are often many cognitive breakthroughs at this time. This is the source of breakthrough keywords, and it may also be the place where this book makes us feel the most rewarding.

* How to extract breakthrough keywords? By feeling. It's time for us to be enlightened, and it's time for breakthrough keywords to appear.

* For example, when I was reading Flow, there was a sentence called bring your own goals, which impressed me deeply. Some people say that this matter is an end in itself, not a means. Where we are self-sufficient, we can have more fun and enter the flow more easily. At that time, when I saw the word "bring your own goals", I felt my eyes lit up. This book even becomes very clear in this direction. This is where the keywords are broken. Another example is the classification of words in appearance and essence. This dynamic word gives me a very intuitive experience of the characteristics of human analogical thinking, which is also a breakthrough keyword.

Explore keywords

* The last keyword is exploration keyword. If we are very interested in a certain concept, a certain problem or a certain field when reading, and feel it necessary or willing to explore for a long time, that is to explore keywords. This is the "fourth kind of problem" in the "diligence" of copper mining, which is worth exploring for a long time.

* How to extract exploration keywords? Driven by curiosity, endless enthusiasm for the unknown world. Sometimes it's our doubts, sometimes it's our pain points. Don't let go when you meet them, which may open up a new battlefield for us and be a direction of future efforts.

* For example, time management, time management and energy management can be explored for a long time, and time management methods that suit you need long-term practice. This is the key word for discussion. There is also the word "existence" in existentialism, the word "benevolence" in the Analects of Confucius, or "division" as Adler said. Like these, we may not understand them for a while, but they can be used as a direction of long-term exploration, so we can explore keywords.

abstract

* To sum up, frame keywords are the nodes of knowledge connection, pragmatic keywords are a pragmatic tool, and querying keywords is the power point of our critical thinking. The key to breakthrough is the point that we gain the most from a book. Exploring keywords is our long-term problem direction.

* These five types of keywords are actually not obvious. Some keywords have multiple attributes at the same time, so we can extract them as long as they belong to these categories when learning. I think reading in these five directions will have a good effect.