Chinese name:? Kong Qiu?
Mbth:？ Confucius?
Alias:? Confucius, Zhong Ni?
Nationality:? China?
Nation:? Han nationality?
Birthplace:? Joey Changping Township (now Nanxin Town, Qufu City)?
Date of birth:? September 28th, 5565438 BC +0?
Date of death:? April 479 BC 1 1?
Occupation:? Teacher?
Faith:? Confucianism?
Main achievements:? Create a Confucian school
Compiling the Spring and Autumn Annals and Revising the Five Classics
Establish private schools and break aristocratic education?
Representative works:? Spring and Autumn Annals?
catalogue
Introduction of Confucius
honour
In political life, I am angry and forget to eat, and I am happy and forget my worries.
Be content with poverty
Never tire of learning and never tire of teaching.
Follow the path of integrity-conduct integrity.
The political and ideological proposition of governing the country by virtue
Guide patiently and systematically
Seminar on Modern Development of Confucianism: It's a pleasure to have friends from afar.
Confucianism: a good medicine for saving the world in today's society
Confucianism: How to popularize it in China and spread it around the world?
Genealogy of Confucius
Confucius genealogy
Chronology of life
High-legged disciple
Confucius' works
Confucius and posthumous title
Confucius height
Famous sayings handed down from ancient times
Confucius diet
the?Confucius Institute
personal influence
Books of the same name
Comics of the same name
Film of the same name
Appreciation of Confucius Cultural Tourism Pictures
Watch online?
Post a photo album? Introduction of Confucius
honour
Political career? Angry and forgetful, happy and forgetful?
A road to poverty?
Never tire of learning and never tire of teaching?
Follow the path of integrity-conduct integrity.
Political thoughts? Advocate of rule of virtue?
Guide patiently and systematically
Modern development? Confucianism Conference: Isn't it a pleasure to have friends coming from afar?
Confucianism: a medicine for saving the world in today's society?
Confucianism: How to popularize it in China and spread it around the world?
Family tree? Confucius' family background?
Confucius genealogy
Chronology of life
High-legged disciple
Confucius works Confucius posthumous title Confucius height famous sayings Confucius diet Confucius Institute personal influence homophonic books homophonic cartoons homophonic movies Confucius cultural tourism picture appreciation online watch? Post a photo album? Expansion? Edit this brief introduction of Confucius.
Confucius
Confucius: The surname is Zi, Kong is Shi, Qiu is the name and the word. The second child at home. Zi: Used as a courtesy title for an adult man in ancient times. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, all adult men with certain social status can be called Zi, and everyone wants others to call them Zi, because Zi is still a title, so-called "male and female". But there are generally two kinds of people who can really make others commensurate with "zi": either people with high credibility in society, such as "teachers"; Either a more moral aristocrat; Confucius and Laozi belong to the former. Confucius was the greatest politician, thinker, educator, founder of Confucianism in ancient China, and also the most famous cultural celebrity in the world. Also known as "Confucius and Mencius", Confucius was honored as "the most holy" and Mencius as "the second saint". ? According to records, Confucius' ancestors were descendants of Shang Dynasty (Huaxia nationality), so his surname was Zi. After the Zhou Dynasty destroyed the Shang Dynasty, Zhou Wuwang made Wei Zi, an ordinary brother of Shang Zhouwang, a loyal minister of the Shang Dynasty and a famous minister, in the Song Dynasty (Xiayi). ? After Wei died, his younger brother Wei Zhong succeeded to the throne. Wei Zhong was the ancestor of Confucius. After Jia, the sixth ancestor of Confucius, his father, descendants began to take Confucius as their surname. His great-grandfather Kong fled from the Song Dynasty to Shandong to escape the civil strife in the Song Dynasty. Confucius' father was a famous warrior in Lu. Shu married Shi first and gave birth to nine daughters without sons. My concubine gave birth to a son named Meng Pi, but he had foot disease. Under the circumstances at that time, neither a woman nor a disabled son should inherit. In his later years, Shu Liangyou and the young woman Yan Zhizai gave birth to Confucius. Confucius' great thoughts are closely related to Confucius' mother. His mother Yan Zhizhai and grandfather Xiang Yan had a profound influence on Confucius. Because Confucius' mother went to Niqiu Mountain to pray, and then she became pregnant with Confucius, and because Confucius was born with a depression in the middle of his head, like Niqiu Mountain; Therefore, it is named Qiu, and the characters (Bo, Zhong, Shu and Ji) rank second among brothers, Bo is the eldest, Zhong is the second, Shu is the third, and Ji is the youngest. Full-body portrait of Confucius
Confucius' word "Zhong" shows that he ranks second among the brothers, but if the sisters are sorted together, the order is Meng, Zhong, Shu and Ji. Among brothers and sisters, the eldest (big brother or big sister) is Meng. Therefore, Confucius is the second child in the family, and his word is Zhong Ni, but his brother's word is Meng Pi, not Pi Bo. When Confucius was three, Shu died of illness. After that, Confucius' family was quite poor. Because of troubled times, the benevolent policy advocated by Confucius has no room for display, but during the three months of governing Lu, the powerful State of Qi was also afraid of Confucius' talents, which shows that Confucius is a well-deserved title of outstanding politician. Political dissatisfaction made Confucius devote a large part of his energy to education. Confucius once worked as a scout in Lu, then traveled around the world with his disciples and finally returned to Lu to concentrate on teaching. Confucius broke the monopoly of education and started a private school, with as many as 3000 disciples, including 72 sages and 72 famous sages. Many of these 72 people are the pillars of senior officials in various countries. It also continued the glory of Confucian school.
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Confucius had a far-reaching influence on later generations. Although he "narrated but didn't do it", he was praised as a "heavenly saint", "numerous heavenly eyes" and "a saint through the ages" when he was alive, and he was one of the most knowledgeable scholars in the society at that time. Later generations revered him as "the most holy" (the sage among saints) and "the teacher of all ages", and thought that he wrote poems and books? Before Yue, there was the Book of Changes (called the Ten Wings of the Book of Changes, or Yi Zhuan), called the Spring and Autumn Annals. The Analects of Confucius is one of the classic works of Confucian school, which was compiled by Confucius' disciples and their descendants. It mainly records the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples, and embodies Confucius' political opinions, ethical thoughts, moral concepts and educational principles. It is also called "Four Books" with Daxue, The Doctrine of the Mean and Mencius. There are twenty popular Analects of Confucius. The language of The Analects is concise and profound, and many of its remarks are still regarded as wisdom by the world. ? Emerson, an American poet and philosopher, thinks Confucius is the glory of all nations in the world. ? 1988, 75 nobel prize winners gathered in Paris and issued a joint declaration after the meeting, calling on the world that "if human beings want to survive in the 2 1 century, they must look back 2,500 years ago and learn wisdom from Confucius."
Editing this political career
Confucius was extremely clever and studious when he was young. At the age of twenty, he was already very learned and was praised as a "learned man" by people at that time. At the same time, little known is that Confucius inherited the bravery of his father Shu, who was 9 feet 6 inches tall, which was 22 1.76 cm according to the Western Han Dynasty. The arm strength is extraordinary, far from the image of a weak scholar that some people think in later generations. Besides, Confucius was an extraordinary drinker, and it was said that he had never been drunk. But Confucius never prided himself on being brave and addicted to alcohol. ? Confucius wanted to do something since he was in his twenties, so he was very concerned about world affairs, often thinking about many issues of governing the country, and often expressing some opinions. By the time he was 30, he was already famous. In the twenty years of Lu, he visited Lu and summoned Confucius to discuss the question of being king with him, and Confucius got to know him. In the twenty-fifth year of Lu, civil strife occurred in Lu, and Lu was forced to flee to Qi. Confucius also left Lu for Qi, where he was appreciated and entertained by Qi Jinggong. He even prepared to seal the fields around Nishi to Confucius, but the doctor Yan Ying stopped him. In the twenty-seventh year of Lu, at that time, the doctor of Qi wanted to harm Confucius. When Confucius heard this, he turned to Qi Jinggong for help. Qi Jinggong said, "I am old and can still use it." Confucius had to flee to Lu. At that time, the state of Lu was actually in the hands of the doctor's retainer, which was called "ruling the country with the minister." Therefore, although Confucius had two opportunities to enter politics, he gave them up until he was appointed as the capital master in 9 years. At this time, Confucius had? 5 1 year. Confucius was in charge of Zhongdu for one year, and his achievements were outstanding. He was promoted to a small ordinary, and soon he was promoted to a big sheep herder, taking photos to take care of Lu. 12 years, in order to weaken the tricyclic big noble, it was called tricyclic because it was the offspring of three sons. At that time, the state power of Lu was actually in their hands, and some ministers of the Third Ring Road also controlled the Third Ring Road to varying degrees. Confucius took the measure of reducing the capital (that is, tearing down the castle built by the Third Ring Road). Later, the action of capturing the three capitals was abandoned halfway, and the contradiction between Confucius and the Third Ring Road was also exposed. /kloc-in 0/3, Lu Dinggong of Qi sent 80 beautiful women to Lu to accept female music. The monarch and his subjects were addicted to singing and dancing and ignored state affairs for many days. Confucius was very disappointed. Soon after, Lu held a suburban sacrifice, and when he gave the meat to the doctor after the sacrifice, he didn't give it to Confucius as usual, indicating that Ji didn't want to hire him again. Confucius left Shandong and began to travel around the world when he had to find a way out. ? Confucius first took his disciples to Weiguo, and Wei Linggong began to respect Confucius very much. According to Lu's salary standard, his salary to Confucius is 6? Wan, but didn't give him any official position, also didn't let him participate in politics. Confucius lived in Weiguo for about 10 months. Because someone slandered Wei Linggong, Wei Linggong became suspicious of Confucius, and sent someone to publicly monitor Confucius' actions. So Confucius left Weiguo with his disciples and planned to go to Chen. When passing through Kuangcheng, I was besieged for five days because of misunderstanding. I fled Kuangcheng, came to Dipu, met my uncle, a patriotic aristocrat who launched a rebellion, and was besieged again. After escaping, Confucius returned to China to defend his country. Wei Linggong was very happy to hear that Confucius and his disciples had returned from Dipu, and went to meet him in person. Since then, Confucius has gone abroad several times and returned to China several times. On the one hand, Wei Linggong had both good and bad feelings towards Confucius; On the other hand, after Confucius went abroad, he had nowhere to go and had to return. ? In the second year (Confucius was 59 years old), Confucius left Wei, passed through Cao, Song and Zheng, and went to Chen, where he lived for three years. When Wu attacked Chen, the war broke out and Confucius left with his disciples. When the Chu people heard that Confucius had arrived at the junction of Chen and Cai, they sent someone to meet him. The doctors of Chen and Cai knew that there was something wrong with what Confucius did, and they were afraid that Confucius would be reused in Chu, which was not good for them. So they sent laborers to surround Confucius and his disciples in the middle of the road, not relying on the village in front or the shops behind. After eating all the food they brought, they were deprived of food for seven days. Finally, Zigong found the Chu people, and Chu sent troops to meet Confucius, so that Confucius and his disciples were saved from death. Confucius returned to Weiguo at the age of 64. With the efforts of his disciple Ran Qiu, he was welcomed back to Lu at the age of 68, but he was still respectful. Lu Aigong 16, Confucius was 73 years old and died of illness.
Angry and forgetful, happy and forgetful.
When Confucius was 62 years old, he once described himself like this: "He is also a human being. He forgets to eat when he is angry, and forgets his worries when he is happy. He doesn't know that his old age is coming." At that time, Confucius had led his disciples around the world for nine years and had gone through all the hardships. Not only did he not get the appointment of the governor, but he almost died. But Confucius was not discouraged, still optimistic, stuck to his ideals, and even knew that he could not do it.
Be content with poverty
Confucius said, "Being unjust and rich is like a cloud to me." In Confucius' mind, upholding justice is the highest value of life. When there is a contradiction between rich and poor and morality, he would rather be poor than give up morality. But we can't regard his peace and happiness as not seeking wealth, but seeking to maintain Tao, which is not in line with historical facts. Confucius once said: "Rich and expensive, people want what they want; You can't go anywhere unless you take the main road. Poverty and meanness are disgusting to people; If you don't take the main road, you won't go. " "Money is available, although there are many whips, I can do it. If not available,? From what I want. "
Never tire of learning and never tire of teaching.
Confucius was famous for his eagerness to learn and showed great interest in all kinds of knowledge, so he was versatile and knowledgeable. He was very famous at that time, and was almost regarded as an omniscient saint, but Confucius himself didn't think so. Confucius said, "How dare I be a saint and a benevolent person?" Never tire of it, never tire of teaching. " ? Confucius learned that there was no teacher. Whoever has knowledge and who doesn't understand will worship him as a teacher. Therefore, he said, "In a threesome, there must be a teacher. "
Follow the path of integrity-conduct integrity.
Confucius was upright in nature and advocated going straight. He once said, "I treat others, who will ruin my reputation?" If you are famous, you have to try. Simin also, the reason why the three generations went straight. "Historical Records records that Confucius asked Lao Tzu to be polite when he was in his thirties. When he left, Laozi gave a message: "Smart and thorough, close to death, considerate. Those who argue the broad masses are in danger, and those who are evil are also. A son should not have his own, and a minister should not have his own. "This is Lao Tzu's kind reminder to Confucius, and it also points out some shortcomings of Confucius, that is, he looks at the problem too deeply and speaks too sharply, hurting some people with positions and bringing great danger to himself. Pregnant? Confucius' benevolence thought laid a moral theory with benevolence as the core. He is also a very kind person, compassionate, helpful and sincere. " Don't do to others what you don't want them to do to you. ""A gentleman's adult beauty is not an adult's evil "and" bow down and be a willing ox "? Wait, this is all his code of conduct.
Edit this political thought
Advocate of rule of virtue
Linked with Confucius' theory of benevolence, righteousness and propriety, in the general plan of governing the country, he advocated "governing the country by virtue", which is the noblest way to govern the country. This strategy of governing the country is also called "rule by virtue" or "rule by courtesy". In fact, this strategy broke the traditional creed that courtesy is no less than Shu Ren's, and broke the original important boundary between nobles and civilians. ? Confucius' theory of benevolence embodies the spirit of human nature, while Confucius' theory of propriety embodies the spirit of etiquette, that is, order and system in the modern sense. Humanism is the eternal theme of mankind, which is applicable to any society, any era and any government, and order and institutional society are the basic requirements for establishing a civilized human society. This humanitarianism and order spirit of Confucius is the essence of China's ancient social and political thought.
Guide patiently and systematically
When Confucius went on a spring outing, he used water to educate his disciples to learn the character and virtue of water. Love and ambition, good at teaching.
Edit the recent development of this paragraph.
The new development of Confucius' theory in modern times refers to the neo-Confucianism produced under the condition of collision and blending of Chinese and Western civilizations after modern western civilization was imported into China. The emerging "popular Confucianism" is the highest achievement of the development of contemporary neo-Confucianism.
Confucius Conference: It's a pleasure to have friends coming from afar.
Confucius, a cultural saint who "respects heaven and earth, permeates ancient and modern times, deletes six classics and respects the constitution through the ages"; Confucianism is a value concept and ideological system based on Confucius' theory and Confucian masters' theory of past dynasties. A few days ago, in Qufu, Shandong Province, Confucius' hometown, the first World Confucianism Conference jointly sponsored by the Ministry of Culture and the Shandong Provincial People's Government was held grandly. It is an international cultural forum and a high-standard academic event, and its convening is a major event in Confucianism. ? Xu Jialu, former Vice Chairman of the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC), Zhou Heping, Vice Minister of Culture, Masahiko Takemura, former Japanese Chief Cabinet Secretary, and 172 experts, scholars and people from all walks of life from 22 countries and regions such as Chinese mainland, Hongkong, Macau and Taiwan Province Province, as well as 86 Confucian research institutions such as Korea, Singapore, Malaysia, the United States, France, Britain, Denmark and Australia. These experts, scholars and people from all walks of life from different countries, nationalities and cultures have conducted in-depth discussions and extensive dialogues on the historical research, contemporary value, modern interpretation, world communication, Confucianism and harmonious culture of Confucianism. ? Once upon a time, the opening ceremony of the 29th Olympic Games in Beijing vividly displayed the splendid 5,000-year Chinese civilization in front of the whole world. People of insight pointed out that its main line is the essence of Confucianism, that is, "being happy and eager to learn, respecting the middle and emphasizing harmony." In 2008, the actor sang "It's a pleasure to have friends from afar"; In the sound of guqin, Confucius disciples dressed in ancient robes and holding bamboo slips read the Analects of Confucius in unison: "All the four seas are brothers", "Three people must learn from each other" and "Harmony is precious". The 887 movable type version transforms the word "harmony" into three different fonts, expressing China's humanistic concept of "harmony without difference" and "harmony is precious". The excellent Chinese traditional culture represented by Confucianism has been further spread in five continents, and "Confucius fever" and "Confucianism fever" are "paid help to add fuel to the fire". ? Zhou Heping said that in the long river of history, Confucianism not only maintained its kind and harmonious spiritual characteristics, but also carried the cultural imprint of different times. It has developed with an open attitude and made important contributions to the continuation of world civilization. At the first World Congress of Confucianism, Confucianism in the new century once again issued a voice of the times that conforms to historical development and human interests.
Confucianism: a good medicine for saving the world in today's society
There is no doubt that there are various problems in today's society. Ecological crisis, spiritual crisis, moral crisis and value crisis are profoundly affecting the healthy development of human society, and the fate of mankind and the fate of the earth are once again severely challenged. Professor Fu Yongju, president of Confucius Institute, pointed out that the resources of Confucianism can provide valuable wisdom for the handling and solution of these problems. Dr. Montenegro of Slovakia said that in order to create a moral society without any unreasonable conflicts, the moral principles and unremitting efforts set by Confucius, the great mentor of mankind, are still unparalleled today. Now, for ourselves and our descendants, we should try our best to improve our living conditions. Only the ethical principles advocated by Confucius can help us do this. ? Some experts believe that there are two schools in the history of China, one in the pre-Qin period and the other in modern times. 2 1 century, it is very likely that a hundred schools of thought will contend for the third time. It will bring the prosperity of China culture and contribute to the prosperity of the world culture. In the third contention of a hundred schools of thought, ancient Confucianism will be reexamined, baptized, developed and innovated. In the blending with other different ideological trends, * * * creates new ideas and cultures that are more suitable for the requirements of the times. Professor Shen of Anhui University pointed out that the national spirit of the Chinese nation has always advocated, pursued and adhered to "harmony". In today's new historical period, this national spirit will certainly make great contributions to the development history of all mankind. ? As if to provide an example for "Confucianism is a good medicine to help the world in today's society", in the middle and late 20th century, Singapore, South Korea, Japan and other countries influenced by the Confucian cultural circle developed rapidly and became newly industrialized countries. The success of these countries has aroused widespread concern among scholars, one of which is the relationship between Confucian culture and economic development. Therefore, in the group discussion, the practice of Confucianism in Singapore in the 1980s and 1990s became an important topic, especially in resisting western individualism and emphasizing social consciousness, thrift, tolerance and frugality, which can be affirmed as a new way of modern society.
Confucianism: How to popularize it in China and spread it around the world?
Du Weiming, one of the most famous contemporary Confucian scholars, once pointed out that compared with South Korea, Singapore and even Taiwan Province Province in China, there is still a gap in maintaining the Confucian tradition in Chinese mainland. Many scholars believe that with the China people's thirst for traditional culture, the popularization of Confucianism in China and its spread around the world should become an important topic in the current study of Confucianism. ? Wang Junlin of Shandong University thinks that if Confucianism only stays in the small circle of Confucianism, it is usually regarded as a kind of thought and theory, and it is hard to say that it is a kind of culture. Only when Confucianism goes out of the small circle of Confucianism, comes to the society, goes deep into the public, becomes something that people like to see and hear, promotes ethical codes, regulates people's behavior, and advocates benevolence and righteousness to change social atmosphere, will Confucian culture be bred from Confucianism. Macao scholars also suggested that Confucius should be read for one minute every day in primary and secondary schools. ? On September 28th, the delegates went to the Confucius Temple in Qufu to attend the ceremony of offering sacrifices to Confucius. Therefore, some delegates discussed the ceremonies of offering sacrifices to Confucius around the world. Kong Xianglin of Confucius Institute pointed out that there are Confucius temples in China, South Korea, Vietnam and Japan. In ancient China, there were also Confucian temples at all levels of government, which had three important social functions: respecting morality, serving the public and educating people. Through Confucius Temple, the government educates its subjects to study Confucianism, respect morality and emphasize righteousness, sharpen ethics and strengthen moral cultivation. This kind of cultural facilities plays a very important role in the spread of a cultural spirit, and should be paid enough attention and protected in today's society. Zhao Rongguang, a professor at Zhejiang Gongshang University, compared the Confucius Temple ceremonies in Qufu, Taibei and Sungkyunkwan in China, and thought that the Confucius Temple ceremony should reproduce the original historical appearance according to the museum principle, and strengthen a series of specific matters such as related systems, etiquette, music and dance, costumes, utensils and sacrifices. When the conditions are met, the relevant parties should "apply for the legacy" to the United Nations. ? Dong Jinyu, Taiwan Province Province, introduced that ancient sacrificial ceremonies were divided into "autumn sacrifice" and "spring sacrifice". The "autumn sacrifice" in Taiwan Province Province mainly followed the "ancient ceremony", that is, in terms of etiquette, clothing, music and dance, it followed the rules of sacrificial ceremonies in the Ming Dynasty, and compressed the ritual time according to the characteristics of the times, accepting women to participate in sacrificial ceremonies; "Spring Festival travel rush" incorporates more characteristics of the times and adopts a way acceptable to young people. Its main function is to attract young people to approach Confucius and get in touch with Confucianism. ? Some experts pointed out that in the current complex cultural background, the spread and popularization of Confucianism in the world will not be smooth sailing, and even the difficulty is far beyond everyone's imagination. Anderson from Denmark believes that the popularity of Confucianism is not the imposition of values. Confucius philosophy emphasizes mutual understanding, and Confucianism is a harmonious value. He believes that Confucianism should be promoted in a coordinated way, not by preaching. ? Experts attending the meeting believe that while we are learning advanced western ideology and culture, Confucianism, represented by Confucius, will go further to the world and be understood and accepted by more and more countries and people in the world, thus bringing mankind into a new era of peace, stability, prosperity and progress. As Mr. Zhang Dainian once said-"The era of blindly criticizing Confucius has passed, the era of blindly respecting Confucius has also passed, and the era of scientifically studying Confucius has arrived." Confucius belongs to China and Confucianism belongs to the world. ? Confucius is the founder of China's Confucianism. Since the Han Dynasty, Confucianism has been regarded as an orthodox precept by rulers of past dynasties, and even as the standard of Ren Xian's energy use, and its influence has lasted for thousands of years. ? Zi Lin said: "The deceased is like a husband, not giving up day and night."