Solving the problem of "difficult and expensive admission" has always been the focus of social attention and the focus of management of relevant departments. Especially after the implementation of the "comprehensive two-child policy" in 20 16, how should China cope with the new round of enrollment peak? From 2065438 to May 2007, the Opinions on Implementing the Third Pre-school Education Action Plan issued by the Ministry of Education, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Finance and Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security proposed that a universal, basic and high-quality pre-school education service system should be basically established by 2020. In the three years before school, the gross enrollment rate reached 85%, and the coverage rate of inclusive kindergartens reached about 80%. Why should we develop inclusive kindergartens? What are the difficulties in the process of "generalization" of private parks? How to achieve 80% coverage of Pratt & Whitney Park? How to solve the teacher's dilemma? How to strengthen the supervision of private parks? Around these issues, the reporter interviewed CPPCC members who participated in the two sessions of the National People's Congress. Policy Support, Incentive Substitution and Supervision —— Accelerating the Development of Inclusive Kindergarten What is Inclusive Kindergarten? Ada, a member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and a professor at Beijing Normal University, believes that convenience, affordability and high quality are the three basic characteristics. At present, China's inclusive preschool education resources are generally insufficient, and some areas are even seriously inadequate. There are even fewer inclusive preschool education resources that can meet these three basic characteristics. "On the one hand, the people's growing demand for inclusive preschool education resources, on the other hand, the scarcity of such resources has formed a very unbalanced relationship between supply and demand. The difficulty of entering the park in various places is mainly the difficulty of entering the park in public kindergartens. This contradiction between supply and demand shows that inclusive kindergartens in China are far from being done well. " Liu Wei said. According to the data of the Ministry of Education, in 20 16, there were 240,000 kindergartens in China, with 44139,000 children, including private kindergartens154,200. However, some research institutions predict that in 20 19, affected by the "two-child policy", nearly 6 million school-age children will be added in the pre-school education stage, and the number will increase year by year. It is estimated that by 202 1, there will be a kindergarten gap of nearly 1 10000. Ni Minjing, member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and deputy director of the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission, said that the current proportion of public parks is low, and there is great pressure to achieve the goal of 80% inclusive kindergarten construction. According to Liu Ru, member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, secretary of the Party branch and director of Beijing Beihai Kindergarten, at present, with the strong support of governments at all levels, the number of public parks is increasing year by year, and the quality of education is relatively guaranteed, but it still cannot meet the needs of people's children. However, as an important force in developing inclusive kindergartens, there are many difficulties and obstacles in private kindergartens. "Compilation and funding are two major problems in developing inclusive private parks." Liu Ru explained that it takes cost to run a private park. If the charge standard of public parks is lowered, the salary of personnel and the funds for running parks are all problems. "However, in the current situation that the number of public parks is insufficient to meet the growing needs of the people, it is the only way to vigorously support the development of inclusive private kindergartens." Liu Ru believes that preschool education is not only an education issue, but also a livelihood issue, which needs the support of the state in terms of policies, financial resources and material resources. Liu Ru said that in fact, governments at all levels have great determination to support the development of private parks, and some provinces and cities have given financial support to inclusive private parks in the form of awards instead of subsidies. At the same time, bringing private parks into the government supervision and supervision system has greatly improved the speed of improving the quality of private parks. However, the development of private kindergartens in the future should be hierarchical, meet the needs of parents at different levels, and let different types of kindergartens have a way out. Increase the establishment, strengthen the training and improve the treatment-building a high-quality kindergarten teacher team. On June 5438+ 10 this year, the Opinions of the Central Committee and the State Council on Comprehensively Deepening the Construction and Reform of Teachers in the New Era specifically proposed, "Improve the quality of kindergarten teachers in an all-round way and build a team of high-quality teachers who are good at teaching." "A kindergarten teacher should not only take care of children's lives, but also cultivate and educate children, cultivate their good behavior habits and qualities, and lay a good foundation for their lifelong development. This requires kindergarten teachers to be caring, patient, responsible, educated and wise, and to be proficient in various martial arts. " Liu Ru said. In reality, the survey in Ada found that kindergarten teachers have long been regarded as "nannies" with children, and their professionalism has not been respected and recognized by the society. Kindergarten teachers generally have low wages and lack the social attraction of their careers. "Without a team of high-quality kindergarten teachers who are good at protecting education, how can we run a preschool education that the people are satisfied with?" Liu Wei said. In this regard, Ada submitted the proposal of "respecting and recognizing the professionalism of kindergarten teachers' work and effectively improving the treatment of kindergarten teachers" this year. In view of the serious shortage of teachers in public kindergartens and the widespread problem of "large class size", Ada suggested that the "Staffing Standards for Public Kindergartens" be issued as soon as possible from the national level to ensure the construction of teachers in public kindergartens from the institutional level. In addition, she also observed that at present, in order to solve the problem of teachers in public kindergartens, many local governments supplement teachers through public welfare posts, labor dispatch, temporary employment, etc., which has the problem of different pay for equal work, and the stability of teachers is poor, which affects the quality and level of teaching guarantee. In the absence of the establishment, the government should take the principle of "equal pay for equal work" and supplement teachers by purchasing "posts" according to the treatment of teachers in the establishment to ensure that teachers can "get in and stay". "Liu Wei said. For private kindergarten teachers, Liu Ru suggested giving private kindergarten teachers the same training opportunities and taking training as an important welfare. Facing the shortage of preschool teachers, Ni Minjing suggested two steps. "On the one hand, speed up the training of pre-school education talents with college education or above to meet the future normalization needs. At the same time, in view of the upcoming peak of entering the park, we should learn from the past model of running kindergarten teachers in areas where kindergarten teachers are particularly scarce, and train kindergarten teachers at the starting point of high school. This short-term training can solve the urgent needs of preschool teachers. "NiYuJing said. Form a mechanism that pays equal attention to education supervision and industry management-strengthen the supervision of private parks. At present, some kindergartens have some phenomena, such as poor running level, unreasonable fees and primary school, which have become a strong problem reflected by the people. How to ensure the healthy development of preschool education by strengthening supervision? According to Zhu Yongxin, a member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and vice chairman of the Democratic Progressive Party Central Committee, it is difficult to rely solely on government supervision, and it is necessary to form a mechanism that pays equal attention to education supervision and industry management. At present, the management of preschool education in the world is mainly based on industry management, and industry associations set industry standards to price and evaluate kindergartens at different levels. "Zhu Yongxin said. Ni Minjing introduced that the Shanghai Kindergarten Association has played a great role in the supervision of preschool education. "At each stage, the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission will entrust kindergarten associations and education evaluation institutions to conduct rolling evaluation and acceptance of kindergartens in the city, check and accept kindergartens' courses, facilities and teachers, and establish a quality assurance mechanism. When problems are found, a list of rectification will be made, and those that are not in place will be downgraded or even ordered to quit. "NiYuJing said. 20 18 The main points of the Ministry of Education put forward that the quality of education guarantee should be improved, the quality evaluation system should be improved, the Measures for the Supervision and Evaluation of Running a Park should be implemented, and the normal monitoring mechanism of running a park should be established to ensure that kindergartens run a park according to the law and regulations. In this regard, Zhu Xiaojin, member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and vice president of Nanjing Normal University, believes that inclusive private kindergartens can be supported to improve the quality of running schools by sending public teachers, training teachers and teaching and research guidance. At the same time, strengthen the quality supervision of private kindergartens, take the number of inclusive degrees and the quality of running kindergartens as the basis for reward and support, and rectify kindergartens that do not meet the requirements within a time limit. "The most fundamental thing is to speed up the legislation of preschool education. "Ni Minjing believes that there is no legal support for preschool education so far." Only by speeding up legislation can we straighten out various problems of preschool education, including the standards for building parks, the nature, scale, teachers and supervision subjects. ""The input-output ratio of preschool education is very high. Good preschool education is of great significance to children's personality development, social development and intellectual development. We must vigorously strengthen the construction of inclusive kindergartens and strive to make every child enjoy affordable and high-quality preschool education at home. Preschool education is an important stage in children's growth and development. It not only has an important influence on children's intellectual, emotional, social and physical development, but also lays a foundation for their future study and life. Therefore, the reform and development of preschool education is very important. Regarding the suggestion made by CPPCC members that kindergartens should enter the park at a young age, I think it should be discussed and reformed in detail according to the actual situation and the law of children's physical and mental development. The following are my thoughts on preschool education reform: 1. Improving the shortage of preschool education resources: At present, the shortage of preschool education resources is a common problem, and it is difficult for many families to provide good preschool education for their children. Therefore, we should increase the construction and investment of preschool education resources, including strengthening the construction of public kindergartens and child care institutions, encouraging and supporting the development of private kindergartens, and improving the popularization rate and quality of preschool education. 2. Establish a scientific pre-school education evaluation system: pre-school education evaluation should not only evaluate students' cognitive and skill level, but also evaluate students' physical and mental development, emotion and social situation. This requires the establishment of a scientific evaluation system, including evaluation methods, evaluation standards and evaluation tools. 3. Strengthen the construction of pre-school teachers: the quality and effect of pre-school education largely depends on the level and quality of teachers. Therefore, we should strengthen the construction of pre-school teachers, including strengthening teacher training, improving teachers' treatment, establishing incentive mechanism and strengthening teacher management. 4. Scientifically formulate the age standard of children entering the park: The age of children entering the park should be based on scientific research and the law of children's physical and mental development, rather than simply on the subjective opinions of some people. At the same time, we should consider the children's family environment, life experience and cultural background, and formulate flexible admission age standards.