Fire safety knowledge lecture content: fire prevention and fighting.
(A) the main measures of fire prevention
1, enhance fire safety awareness
Only by improving the awareness of fire safety can we always pay attention to the fires around us and control all fire sources; Will put fire prevention in the first place and always keep a high degree of vigilance; Will take the initiative to learn fire knowledge, master preventive measures, and control fire accidents.
2. Abide by the school fire prevention system.
In order to ensure the safety of students, the school has formulated relevant regulations on fire safety management, such as no unauthorized connection of power supply, no unauthorized installation of electrical equipment and no unauthorized use? Electric stove? 、? Hot fast? ; Smoking is prohibited in teaching buildings, experimental buildings, dormitory buildings, libraries and other public places; Candles are forbidden in the dormitory. Most students can abide by the rules, but a few students often violate the rules because they don't understand them, which leads to fires. According to the statistics of Beijing Fire Bureau, 1999, there were 70 campus fires in Beijing, of which 27 were caused by electrical appliances. In 2000, 28 of 77 fires were caused by electrical appliances; 200 1 year, 24 of 63 fires were caused by electrical appliances. In the above-mentioned electrical fires, 95% were caused by violation of regulations. To this end, students should learn from it and strictly abide by school discipline.
3, strengthen the study of fire laws and regulations.
Fire management should be carried out according to law, which is determined by the destructiveness of fire. In order to effectively control the occurrence of fires, China has made mandatory provisions in the form of laws. Article 5 of the Fire Protection Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) stipulates that all units and individuals have the obligation to maintain fire safety, protect fire control facilities, prevent fires and report fire accidents. At the same time, Articles 114 and 115 of the Criminal Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) clearly stipulate the legal liability for fire negligence, and the maximum penalty for intentional arson is death.
(B) the main methods of fire fighting
1. Call the police.
Every minute counts. When there is a fire, you should call immediately. 1 19? Fire alarm call. When you call the fire alarm, you should be calm, explain clearly the unit, place and telephone number you use, and explain the object, type and scope of the fire to the fire brigade as clearly as possible? The right medicine? . At the same time, send people to wait at the school gate and the intersection that must pass, so as to win time for the fire truck to reach the fire scene quickly and reduce the fire loss. At the same time, report to the relevant departments of the school quickly so as to organize personnel to put out the fire in time.
2. Put out the initial fire in time.
Fire extinguishing methods include: cooling fire extinguishing method, suffocation fire extinguishing method, isolation fire extinguishing method, suppression fire extinguishing method, etc. Timely and correct use of various methods to extinguish the initial fire is the most important link to reduce fire losses and put an end to fire deaths.
(1) Fire extinguishing method by isolating air. The combustion products are isolated from the air and are extinguished due to lack of oxygen. For example, a lighted candle burns the paper and books on the table, and you can't wave it. Cover it with a wet towel and the fire will go out. When cooking in the canteen, the oil in the oil pan catches fire, and the fire can be extinguished by covering the lid; Electrical appliances and gas fires can be put out with blankets and quilts. The same is true of the application of carbon dioxide in fire fighting. Carbon dioxide is heavier than air. It doesn't burn or support burning. It can cover flammable substances, isolate air and put out fires. For the combustion of red phosphorus, sulfur, calcium carbide, magnesium powder and other chemical inflammables, dry powder, dry sand and dry soil are often used to extinguish the fire.
2) cooling fire extinguishing method. Water, dry ice, etc. Directly sprayed on combustible materials, water and dry ice vaporize to absorb heat and cool down, forming water vapor and carbon dioxide to isolate the air. Generally speaking, water is a good fire extinguishing agent. However, the fire of some articles cannot be put out with water, and only special fire-fighting equipment and equipment can be used. Such as sodium, potassium, calcium, calcium carbide, etc. React with water to produce hydrogen and heat, causing violent combustion or explosion. When oil and other substances lighter than water catch fire, water will expand the combustion range. If the high-voltage electrical equipment is not cut off, if it is put out with water, it may cause conduction. Others, such as paper warehouses, precision instruments and high-temperature production devices, should not be put out with water. Storehouses containing concentrated sulfuric acid, concentrated nitric acid and other items should not be put out with water.
(3) combustible isolation fire extinguishing method. Isolate the burning fire source from the surrounding combustible materials. For example, if forest fires are put out, isolation zones are often set up, so that the fire can no longer spread and be controlled; Remove liquefied gas tanks and other combustible materials near the fire; Or move the lights and light fires to the open space and so on. , are all effective methods.
(3) Matters needing attention in fire extinguishing process
1. Call the police and organize personnel to put out the fire at the meeting.
2, calm, listen to the command, actively cooperate with the command.
3, control the fire, save people first, try to reduce fire losses.
4, adjacent rooms, don't open the door, to prevent the invasion of smoke and fire.
5. Breathe slowly and shallowly, crawl forward and breathe the fresh air near the ground.
6. Go upstairs carefully, hold your breath, and avoid the smoke rising and suffocating.
7. Wet the towel, cover your nose and mouth, bend down and slowly grab the ground.
8, close the door, probe call, waiting for emergency help.