[Area]1183,000 square kilometers, accounting for about 12.3% of the national territory.
Population: 23.62 million (1end of 999), accounting for 1.88% of the total population in China.
At present, there are 49 ethnic groups in Inner Mongolia, mainly Mongolian and Han, as well as Korean, Hui, Manchu, Daur, Ewenki, Oroqen and other ethnic groups.
[Administrative Division] Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is the first provincial autonomous region in China to implement regional ethnic autonomy. Hohhot, Baotou, Wuhai and Chifeng are four provincial cities in the region. Hulunbeier, Xing 'an, Zhelimu, Xilingol, Wulanchabu, Yikezhao, Bayannaoer, Alashan; There are 16 county-level cities, 17 counties, and 52 flags, including three national autonomous flags of Oroqen, Ewenki and Molidawa Daur.
Hohhot, the capital.
[Major Cities] Hohhot, Baotou, Wuhai, Chifeng, Jining, Xilinhot, Tongliao, Hailar and Erenhot.
natural conditions
[Terrain] Plateau is the main part of the whole area, and most areas are above 1000 meters above sea level, which is a part of Inner Mongolia Plateau. 2 1% is mountainous, 28% is hilly, and the rest is plateau and plain. The eastern grassland is vast, and the western deserts are widely distributed, mainly Badain Jaran and Tengger deserts. The main mountain ranges are Daxinganling, Helan, Wula and Daqingshan.
[Hydrology] There are thousands of lakes and rivers scattered all over China, including more than 70 rivers with a drainage area of 1 1,000 square kilometers. The main rivers are Yellow River, Ergon, Nenjiang River and Xiliao River. There are famous lakes such as Hulun Lake, Zhong Lake and Wuliangsuhai.
[Climate] Inner Mongolia belongs to a typical mid-temperate monsoon climate, characterized by less and uneven precipitation and drastic changes in cold and summer. The annual average temperature is-l ~10℃; The annual precipitation is about 50 ~ 450 mm, and the winter is long and cold, which lasts for five and a half months in most areas. Among them, 65438+ 10 is the coldest month, and the monthly average temperature rises from-10℃ to -30℃ from south to north. The extreme minimum temperature is generally between MINUS 25℃ and 45℃, and there has been a record of MINUS 60℃. It is hottest in July, with monthly average temperature 16℃ ~ 27℃ and extreme maximum temperature of 36℃ ~ 43℃. The daily average temperature difference is 10℃ ~ 16℃. The sunshine hours in the whole region are generally more than 2700 hours, and the elderly can reach more than 3400 hours. (top of page)
Resource situation
Climate resources are represented by wind energy resources. The average annual wind speed in most areas is 3-4m/s, and the number of windy days is 20-40 days in the east and 40-60 days in the west, which is about 60% of the number of windy days in winter and spring. This is an excellent area for developing wind power generation.
[Water Resources] The total water resources in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is 50.885 billion cubic meters. Among them, the river runoff is 37.096 billion cubic meters, the groundwater resources are 65.438+03.789 billion cubic meters, and 90.4% of the surface runoff is concentrated in the eastern city of Meng Si. There are 472 large and small reservoirs in Inner Mongolia, with a total storage capacity of 5.942 billion cubic meters and an effective irrigation area of 185 10000 hectares.
[Land Resources] The cultivated land area in the whole region is 54910.4 million hectares, and the per capita cultivated land area is 0.24 hectares, ranking first in the country and three times the national average cultivated land area. The rich and beautiful Hetao, Tumochuan, Liaohe and Songnen Plain are known as "granaries" and "rice river outside the Great Wall", which are not only the main grain and cash crops producing areas in Inner Mongolia, but also the key areas of national agricultural development.
Grassland resources: the grassland area in this area ranks first among the five major pastures in China. From Daxing 'anling in the east to Juyanhai in the west, the vast grassland stretches for more than 2,000 kilometers from east to west, with a total area of 8,700 hectares, of which 68 million hectares are available, accounting for more than 1/5 of the available grassland in China. Hulunbeier, Xilin Gol, Horqin, Wulanchabu, Ordos and Wulate are famous grasslands in China, which have bred rich and diverse livestock resources. Sanhe Cattle, Sanhe Horse, Grassland Red Bull, Wuzhumuqin Fat Tail Sheep, Aohan Fine Wool Sheep, Inner Mongolia Fine Wool Sheep, Alba White Goat, Alashan Camel and other famous fine breeds are well-known inside and outside the region.
[Forest resources] The forest area ranks first in the country. The Daxinganling Mountains in eastern Inner Mongolia is known as the "green treasure house of the motherland", with a forest area of14.07 million hectares, accounting for19 of the national forest area. The forest stock is11.200 million cubic meters, accounting for 12% of the total stock in China. The outstanding talents are larch, Korean pine and Korean pine.
[Mineral resources] There are 92 kinds of proven minerals, of which the reserves of rare earth resources reach 84.6 million tons, accounting for 97% of the country; The coal resources in the whole region are second only to Shanxi, ranking second in the country. There are five super-large coalfields with reserves exceeding 6543.8+000 billion tons, which are suitable for open-pit mining, among which Zhungeer and Huolinhe are the most. The reserves of niobium and trona rank first in China; In addition, there are 62 kinds of mineral reserves such as zinc, agate, foundry sand and ferrovanadium, which rank among the top ten in China.
[Tourism Resources] Inner Mongolia is a colorful and legendary place. Grassland, historic sites, deserts, lakes, forests and folk customs constitute unique tourist attractions, with unique northern customs and romantic feelings beyond the Great Wall.
Inner Mongolia grassland. Inner Mongolia grassland is vast, rich and beautiful, especially in cool and pleasant summer and autumn, and the grassland outside the Great Wall is even more charming. There are blue sky and white clouds, there are yurts on the boundless grassland, there are pastoral sounds, and there are sheep floating slowly like white clouds in the vast green sea. Visitors will stretch their limbs, relax and be ecstatic. Deserts, green states, lakes, hot springs, mineral springs and camel bells constitute unique natural scenery.
Daxing 'anling Forest Region Daxing 'anling Forest Region is the largest primitive forest region in China, which is a rare scenic spot in the north. There are all kinds of plants and animals in the depths of the forest, which is a natural forest park.
Aershan Hot Spring. Located in Xing 'an League, within about 1 km2, there are 48 springs with different water temperatures. The highest temperature can reach 52℃, and the lowest temperature is only 65438 0.5℃. The unique natural environment attracts a large number of tourists.
A vast desert. There are four deserts and three sandy lands in Inner Mongolia. Among them, Kubuqi Xiangsha, located in Dalat Banner of Yikezhao League, is about 60 meters wide and 40 meters high. When tourists slide down from the top of the sand dunes, they will hear the roar of cars in their ears.
Rich and colorful national culture and colorful customs. Inner Mongolia is known as "the hometown of singing and dancing". Mongolian song and dance is a bright pearl in the treasure house of world culture and art, and horse racing, wrestling and archery are known as the "three arts of men" of Mongolian people and are well-known at home and abroad. The traditional Nadam convention often arouses strong interest of Chinese and foreign tourists who come to the grassland.
Cultural relics and historic sites in Hohhot include Wuta Temple, Dazhao, Zhaojun Tomb, Kuribuzhao, Wusu Tuzhao, Baita, Wudangzhao in Baotou, Meidaizhao, Genghis Khan Mausoleum in Yijinhuoluo Banner, Enbukuji in Bayanhaote, Shangjing in Liaozhong, Daming Pagoda in Liaozhong and Gaxian Cave in Oroqen. (top of page)
infrastructure
[Telecom] By the end of 1998, all Sumu towns and 96.7% Gacha villages in the whole region had postal services, and Hohhot-Erenhot-Zhamenude, Hohhot-Beijing, Hohhot-Baotou-Dongsheng, Wulanhaote-Baicheng, Tongliao-Shenyang and Hohhot-Xilinhaote international express bus routes and express trunk bus routes were successively opened. The total capacity of telephone exchanges in the post and telecommunications public network in the whole region reached 6,543.8+280,000, and all the 654.38+02 alliance cities in the whole region built c3 local telephone networks, which realized the expansion and upgrading of the network. The total length of post and telecommunications optical cables in the whole region reaches 13845 km, digital microwave trunk lines reach 1346.2 km, long-distance private branch exchanges reach 70,000 terminals, and long-distance service circuits reach 28,600. Advanced communication means such as optical cable, digital microwave and satellite communication are widely used in rural communication. There are 820 township sapphires with telephone automation in the whole region, and 5 16 township sapphires with program-controlled exchange and digital transmission, accounting for 55.2% and 34.7% of the total township sapphires respectively. Our district has built a digital transmission communication network centered on Hohhot, which runs through east, west, north and south, connecting cities and counties and some towns and villages in Sumu.
[Transportation] The transportation in the whole region is relatively developed, and a three-dimensional transportation system with railways as the backbone, including roads and aviation, has been formed.
The main trunk railways are beijing-baotou railway, Baolan Railway, Jitong (Liaoning) Railway and Jingtong (Liaoning) Railway, with an operating mileage of over 5,000 kilometers.
The mileage of highways in the whole region is 50,000 kilometers, of which low-grade highways account for about 80%. There are 15 national highways from Erenhot to Hekou, Manzhouli to Suifenhe, Dandong to Lhasa, and all cities, counties (banners) and more than 94% towns (Sumu) have car access. Hu Bao section of Shanghai-Bank Expressway has been opened to traffic.
The inland waterway is 600 kilometers, and sailboats can be connected between Dengkou of the Yellow River and Lama Bay. Ergon River has Heishantou and Shiwei water transport ports open to the outside world.
Civil aviation traffic is centered in Hohhot, with routes to Chifeng, Hailar, Baotou, Xilinhot and Wulanhaote in the area, and routes to more than 20 provincial capital cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, Shenyang and Guangzhou outside the area, with Hohhot and Hailar as foreign air ports. [Energy] Relying on abundant coal, oil, natural gas and wind energy resources, Inner Mongolia has established an energy economic system with coal development, electric power production and wind energy resources development and utilization as the main body. Inner Mongolia's existing coal production capacity is 77,694,800 tons, 199 coal production is 707 1 10,000 tons,10/10,000 volts. The total power generation in the whole region is 38.06 billion kWh, and the power lines are 897 kilometers. (top of page)
economic construction
Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is a region with rapid economic development, with a GDP of 1999/270.9 billion yuan, 2.3 times higher than that of 1993, with an average annual growth of 18.5438+02%. The proportion of primary, secondary and tertiary industries in GDP is 26.0%, 4 1.7% and 32.3% respectively.
[Industry] After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Inner Mongolia's industry developed rapidly, and it has formed a complete industrial system of metallurgy, energy, machinery, forestry, wool spinning, food and so on. 1999, the gross output value of state-owned and non-state-owned industries above designated size in China was 60180 million yuan, the total assets were1668.4 billion yuan, the average number of employees was 909,000, and the labor productivity of all employees was 1897 1 person. Important metallurgical industrial enterprises include Baotou Iron and Steel Company and Baotou Aluminum Factory. Wuhai, Baotou, Zhalainuoer and Huolinhe four open-pit coal mines and Erlian Oilfield are the energy production bases in this area. Hohhot and Baotou are the centers of machinery industry in this area; Chemical industry and forest industry are concentrated in Baotou and yakeshi respectively; Hohhot is also the center of wool textile industry in this area.
[Agriculture and Animal Husbandry] 1999 The total output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery in Inner Mongolia is 53.23 billion yuan. As one of the important animal husbandry bases in China, from 65438 to 0999, the output value of animal husbandry in this area accounted for 35. 17% of the total output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery in this area. Taking Xing 'anling-Yinshan Mountain as the boundary, the southeast and northwest are agricultural areas and pastoral areas respectively. The pastoral areas in this area have fertile land and excellent livestock varieties, including the famous Sanha Horse, Sanniu and Inner Mongolia Fine Wool Sheep. The main animal husbandry products are wool, camel hair, cashmere, milk, beef and mutton. Agricultural areas are concentrated in Hetao Plain and hilly valleys in the southeast, producing grain crops such as wheat, rye and potato and cash crops such as flax and beet.
[Tertiary Industry] By 1999, the total retail sales of social consumer goods in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region was 43.74 billion yuan, 5.3 times that of 1985, with an average annual growth rate of12.63%; The market system of urban and rural commercial outlets was initially established, with commodity trading markets 1766. The foreign trade volume has increased substantially year by year, and the total import and export trade of Inner Mongolia has reached 930 million US dollars from 654.38 to 0999. The financial and insurance industries have developed rapidly. By the end of 1999, the balance of various deposits of financial institutions in the whole region was 9961000000 yuan, the number of insurance types had grown to 148, and the premium income was1745438+00000 yuan. During the period of 1999, the number of tourists to Inner Mongolia reached 368,400, including 363,500 overseas tourists, and the total foreign exchange earned by tourism was 65.438+0.2 billion US dollars.
[Characteristic Economy] The local famous and special products include pure wool, pure wool antique carpets and cashmere products; Handmade products include silverware, duolun saddle and riding boots; Agricultural and sideline products include Nostoc flagelliforme, Tricholoma, and Yellow River carp; The first-class herbs are ephedra, licorice, astragalus and so on. Flavor foods include roast whole sheep, milk tofu, koumiss and so on. (top of page)
Social culture
[Education] After liberation, all kinds of education in Inner Mongolia developed rapidly. By the end of 1998, there were 1 16 14 primary schools and 1452 ordinary middle schools, and the enrollment rate of school-age children was 99.5%. There are 0/08 general secondary schools/KLOC-,0/76 vocational high schools/KLOC-and 99 technical schools with more than 60,000 students/KLOC-. Higher education has developed steadily, forming a system with complete disciplines, relatively complete levels and regional and ethnic characteristics. There are 19 universities and more than 200 majors in the whole region, including master 1065,438+0 and doctor10. There are 2,888 primary and secondary schools for ethnic minorities in the whole region, 38 ordinary middle schools in 108 have ethnic classes, and 19 ordinary colleges and universities have ethnic language teaching majors or ethnic classes.
[Science and Technology] Inner Mongolia's scientific and technological undertakings are developing vigorously, and its investment is increasing. By the end of 1998, * * there were 59 R&D institutions/kloc-0, with 9,800 people engaged in scientific research activities, including 0. 1800 ethnic minorities, and 5 major scientific and technological achievements19 have been registered. Around the breeding and improvement of new varieties of crops and livestock, as well as the prevention and control of pests and diseases of crops and livestock, nearly 1,000 key scientific and technological projects have been carried out, providing strong technical support for the development of agriculture and animal husbandry. Technology introduction, technology development and technology innovation have also greatly promoted the development of enterprises and created a large number of well-known enterprises and brand-name products. In recent years, Inner Mongolia has taken biotechnology, rare earth new material technology, new energy technology and electromechanical integration technology as the development direction of high and new technology, and strived to transform science and technology into productive forces.
[Culture] In the past 50 years, the cultural construction in Inner Mongolia has made rapid progress. To 1998, there are 163 art institutions in the whole region, with 692 employees1person; Art performance groups 1 17, among which Wulan Qi Mu 6 1 has the most grassland characteristics; There are 0/02 cultural centers, 0/08 public libraries, 20 museums and 0/44 archives in the whole region. 49 radio stations, with a coverage rate of 78.5%; There are 34 TV stations, with a TV population coverage rate of 78.5%; The newspapers of autonomous regions and union cities published164.26 million copies throughout the year; In 20001year, 27.57 million books were published, including 7.99 million books in Mongolian.
[Sports] The government of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region attaches great importance to the development of sports and has invested a lot of money in the construction and renewal of sports facilities. Outstanding achievements in competitive sports. 1998 In major competitions at home and abroad, Inner Mongolia athletes won 89 medals, breaking the record of 100 in the autonomous region in * * *. At the same time, mass sports activities are also flourishing.
In the early days of the establishment of the autonomous region, health care was very backward. After 50 years of construction, by 1998, there were 464 health institutions in the whole autonomous region, with 66,000 beds in medical and health units and 0.5 million health technicians/kloc-0, including 56,000 doctors. (top of page)
People's lives
[Income] The economy of the autonomous region has developed rapidly, and the income level of urban and rural people and the quality of people's life have been continuously improved. By 1999, the per capita total income of urban residents was 4,798.52 yuan, of which the disposable income was 4,770.53 yuan; The total income of farmers' families is 3225.46 yuan, of which the net income is 200.93 yuan, which is narrowing the gap with the national average.
With the increase of household income of urban and rural residents, people's consumption level is also constantly improving. First, the consumption structure has changed, the proportion of living consumption expenditure for food consumption has decreased, and the proportion of improving housing conditions and cultural life services has increased; Second, the purchasing power has improved. From 65438 to 0998, the consumption level of residents in the whole autonomous region was 2 14 1 yuan per person, which was 1.5% higher than that of 65438-0997. Third, the change of consumption concept shows strong selectivity to product quality, brand, style and function.
Savings: The accumulation of urban and rural households in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region has increased year by year, and the balance of savings deposits has greatly increased. By the end of 1998, the balance of savings deposits of urban and rural residents in the whole autonomous region reached 6050 1000 billion yuan, an increase of 38. 13 times compared with 1978, and the per capita savings balance reached 260 1.47 yuan, an increase of/kloc-0.
By the end of 1998, there were10503,000 employees in Inner Mongolia, including 336,000 employees in cities and towns. Both urban private individual employees and rural private individual employees have increased rapidly. In the 1990s, the employment situation in the whole region has the following characteristics: First, the structure of employees has changed obviously, the proportion of employees in the primary industry has decreased, and the employed population in the secondary and tertiary industries has increased rapidly; Non-public ownership economy has become the main growth point of labor and employment; The employment rate of female employees has increased.
[Social Security] In the past 20 years of reform and opening up, with the deepening of economic system reform, the social security system reform in the autonomous region has developed steadily, forming an all-round social security system based on the minimum living security line for urban residents, focusing on pension, unemployment and medical care, including work-related injury maternity insurance. At the end of the year, there were 1998 employees and 44 1000 retirees participating in the basic old-age insurance. The pilot reform of the medical insurance system in the autonomous region has been gradually pushed forward, the unemployment insurance system has been closely integrated with the employment project, and the basic framework of the institutionalization of social relief is taking shape.
Social Service The social welfare undertakings in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region have made great progress. 1998, the number of beds in various welfare homes in Inner Mongolia reached 2 1000; All kinds of social relief objects in urban and rural areas received 97,000 state relief (times); 35% of towns and villages have established a safety network; 4583 social service facilities have been built, including 224 community service centers. A minimum living security system has been established in 20 cities and 59 counties in the whole region. (top of page)
opening up to the outside world
Inner Mongolia autonomous region has a border line of 422 1km, which has unique advantages in opening up. At present, there are a total of 1/2 ports 18 for highway, railway, water transport and air transport in the whole region. Among them, there are seven first-class ports 1 1 and seven second-class ports, which make the development of export-oriented economy in the whole region present unprecedented new changes. At present, the whole region has established trade relations and economic and technical cooperation with nearly 100 countries and regions, and more than 700 kinds of commodities have entered the international market, forming a number of famous brands and "fist" products with high foreign exchange earning, such as cashmere, rare earth, food, feed, carpets, suits and ephedrine. While striving to expand foreign trade, the autonomous region has continuously improved the investment environment and attracted investment. According to statistics, by the end of 1997, there were 1057 foreign-invested enterprises registered in this area. In 1998, a total of more than 14 100 foreign direct investment enterprises were approved, and * * * introduced foreign capital 241.