With the progress of the times, the development of society, especially the development of information technology, a variety of auxiliary teaching tools have appeared in competition, and a large number of modern teaching methods have been applied to kindergarten education, from the old slide projector and projector to the popular multimedia-assisted teaching. Of course, these advanced auxiliary teaching methods will really make our classroom more vivid and full, but as ordinary regular teaching, these methods are so unattractive. For some reasons, front-line teachers prefer to use readily available teaching wall charts, especially in some areas where multimedia configuration is not rich. Teaching wall chart is still playing an indispensable role in kindergarten teaching because of its intuitive image, simple production and easy operation.
The teaching wall chart in kindergarten mainly comes from the wall chart that matches the design of each teaching activity. Generally, according to the key points and difficulties in teaching, draw pictures with bright colors, simple drawing methods and easy for children to understand. There is also a wall chart made by the teacher himself, which is a process of understanding the teaching content and making full preparations for the teaching activities. Only by mastering the key points and difficulties of textbook knowledge can we have a deep understanding of the problems in teaching, and can we give more consideration to children's dominant position in the process of preparing lessons, so that children can learn independently in the process of thinking and constantly improve their abilities in the process of learning.
First, the significance of teaching wall chart:
1. can help children understand the teaching content. In teaching activities, let children observe the contents of the wall chart and understand the key points and difficulties of this activity. For example, in language telling activities, I often let children observe and guess what happened first, and then with a little guidance, children can remember the content of this activity, because the process of their own understanding has achieved the goal of getting twice the result with half the effort, laying a solid foundation for future picture telling.
2. Improve the efficiency of teaching activities. One class in kindergarten is very short, so the use of multimedia should be fully prepared and operated accurately. If you make mistakes carelessly, it will not only waste teaching time, but also easily lead to discipline confusion and classroom out of control. Using the wall chart, we can avoid such problems and let the children concentrate on the class. This teaching method not only reduces classroom waste, but also improves classroom efficiency.
3. Consolidate learning content and stimulate learning interest. The wall charts used in normal activities need not be put away immediately, but hung in the corner of the activity room, so that children can learn again during recess, so that they can further master the knowledge inadvertently and consolidate the knowledge they have learned unconsciously.
3. Flip charts stimulate children's interest in autonomous learning.
First of all, the use of flip charts can make activities vivid, vivid and interesting, and fully attract children's attention. If you only rely on language to convey information, it will give children a monotonous feeling. With the wall chart, the expression of the activity content will be more vivid. When you take out pictures like magic, children are full of excitement and expectation, and their thinking in images is dominant, which is their characteristic. Proper use of wall charts in teaching can fully attract children's attention and arouse their interest in learning.
More importantly, the use of wall charts can encourage children to use their brains, develop their observation and comparison abilities, and make their thinking in the best state, so as to actively think and consciously accept new knowledge. Give full play to the subjectivity of children's free exploration, and the purpose of using flip charts is to gradually transition from teachers to teachers. It is of little significance if teachers use wall charts in kindergarten teaching activities. The significance of using flip charts is that effective maps can help children learn independently.
Second, the application of teaching wall chart in the study of various subjects;
As a teaching method, teaching wall chart is not only a teaching tool, but also a way for teachers to develop children's potential, which plays an irreplaceable role. Teachers should constantly discover and tap children's potential, create opportunities for children to use their hands and brains, and give full play to the role of wall charts in the teaching of various subjects.
The application of (1) in language activities;
Vygotsky, an outstanding psychologist during the founding of the former Soviet Union, said: "Children need intermediary factors in any learning activities and symbols to help them improve and consolidate their learning experience, which is of great significance to children's development." So, what kind of intermediary can make children learn effectively in the process of language learning? As front-line teachers, it is not difficult to find that using wall charts in kindergarten language activities is an effective method, which plays an important role in promoting the development of children's language.
For example, in the teaching and research activities of the prose poem "Autumn Rain" in the big class last semester, the way of taking more classes in one class was adopted. Both Mr. Wang and Mr. Li use multimedia courseware to teach, and the general links are similar: first, the quiz "rain" is introduced into the subject; Then enjoy the courseware completely; Appreciate in sections; Appreciate again; Finally, let children discuss (the key point is to guide children to learn to express with beautiful sentences in prose poems), and finally understand the anthropomorphic writing of prose.
Teacher Zhang's activity design is as follows:
1. Introduce Autumn Leaves with singing, arouse children's interest in activities, and perform songs with teachers and children.
2. Appreciate the prose and get a preliminary understanding of the content of the prose.
(1) Children listen to the teacher and recite prose with emotion.
(2) By asking questions, talk about the initial impression of prose on autumn rain. The teacher asks questions in time according to the children's answers, and guides the children to understand the three paragraphs of the prose in the question and answer.
3. Appreciate the recorded prose in sections and feel the artistic conception in the text with the help of pictures. Listen to the tape while watching the picture (and show the picture at the same time)
(1) Let children have a preliminary understanding of personification and understand the words "cool" and "gentle" by asking the question "Why is autumn rain a key".
(2) The color brought by autumn rain. The teacher shows small pictures according to the children's answers. While guiding the children to answer in prose, he highlights the verbs "Fan" and "Mail" and understands the words "Colorful", "Dress up" and "You push me and shove me".
(3) By asking why Qiuyu is a box of colorful pigments, understand the metaphor personification in this paragraph.
(4) The good news brought by autumn rain. Question: What else did the autumn rain bring? The teacher shows the corresponding small pictures according to the children's answers and learns to tell them in the language of prose.
(5) The news brought by autumn rain. Question: What good news did you hear? Where did you hear that? The teacher constantly shows small pictures according to the children's answers and learns to tell them in prose.
(6) the joy brought by autumn rain. Question: Why do autumn rains bring songs of harvest and happiness?
(7) Understand the structure of prose with pictures.
3. The children look at the pictures and appreciate the recorded prose completely again. Encourage children to look at the pictures and recite after the tape, and add simple actions.
4. Activity expansion:
Children in groups of five make their own books. Remind children to pay attention to the layout of the picture, mark the page number, and finally attach the cover to bind it into a book. Put children's self-made picture books into the reading area for children to continue to learn to recite and perform in regional activities.
Case study:
Autumn rain is a beautiful prose poem. The courseware made by Mr. Wang and Mr. Li based on prose poems captures the perfect integration of "emotion" and "scenery" in prose poems. Among them, colorful and vivid pictures, emotional recitation and piano accompaniment make the prose full of poetry and painting, vividly show the beauty of literary works and deeply attract children. With the interest in watching cartoons mobilized, children pay close attention to the screen. The vivid animated pictures fully mobilize children's senses such as vision, hearing and language, so that children can enter a virtual sensory world with scenes, and at the same time feel the charm expressed by language and words in prose poems, thus greatly improving their learning enthusiasm, initiative and creativity. Teachers flexibly use the advantages of courseware, always grasp children's interests, pay attention to children's feelings about poetry, and let children learn actively. Through repeated playing and freeze-frame watching, we can unify watching, listening and speaking in concrete and vivid pictures, so that children can further improve their ability to use vocabulary and sentences and express themselves. It can be said that multimedia courseware has played an important role in the teaching of this prose poem. Teacher Zhang did not use multimedia courseware, but achieved different results. She made full use of the wall chart to let the children clearly understand the context of this long prose poem, and refined the structure of the three prose paragraphs and the key points of each paragraph. More importantly, the wall chart is made of small icons that all children can draw, which plays a great role in consolidating the mastery of prose poetry in regional activities for large class children and truly enables children to learn independently.
In terms of the content and requirements of Chinese education, the outline clearly puts forward that "we should use calligraphy and painting exhibitions and other forms to stimulate children's interest in books, reading and writing, and cultivate their skills before reading and writing". The wall chart is conducive to the transition from oral learning to written learning for large class children, which meets the most basic requirements of reading, so it can be used as a carrier of reading activities. The wall chart can be used as a breakthrough to solve the problem of children's language learning adaptability in the connection between children.
(b) In the application of mathematical activities:
In children's mathematics teaching, teachers should not only teach children simple mathematics knowledge, but also teach children how to master knowledge, cultivate children's interest in mathematics, and lay a solid foundation for children's systematic study in the future. How to cultivate children's interest in mathematics learning? In addition to the common multimedia in modern teaching, the use of intuitive wall charts can also play a very good role.
1. Cultivate children's divergent thinking by using intuitive wall charts. In large classes, children have a certain concept of logarithmic groups. In teaching, we adopt the method of solving many problems with one map. In picture calculation, choose a picture that contains many formulas. For example, there are 6 chickens on the wall chart, 5 hens, 1 rooster. From the color point of view, there are 4 flower chickens and 2 white chickens; From the dynamic point of view, there are three rice eaters and three rice eaters. Then use the learned exchange law to let the children write the formula quickly. In the next 7, 8, 9, 10 teaching, the teacher only needs to show a picture, and the children can make their own arrangements according to the contents in the picture. In the whole process, children are always in an effective thinking atmosphere of active exploration, positive thinking, finding answers and shortening operation time.
2. Gradually display the wall chart to improve children's understanding ability.
Show the development process of things step by step, dynamically "play" static pictures, stimulate children's interest in learning mathematics, and reflect the focus of the whole activity.
For example, large classes learn to look at the addition and subtraction formulas of picture columns, so that children can understand the meaning of addition and subtraction in the process of looking at pictures. There are three chickens in the first picture, five chickens in the second picture and eight chickens in the third picture. These are three photos. If I show them one by one, the children will understand the meaning quickly. On the contrary, put the picture of 8 chickens first, then put the picture of 3 chickens, and ask: What's the matter? Why did eight chickens become three in the second picture? Where did the other chickens go? How should we work out this formula?
In short, show the development process of things step by step, dynamically "play" static pictures, stimulate children's interest in learning mathematics, and reflect the focus of activities.
3. Save the wall chart and use it at any time.
The wall charts of every mathematical activity can be kept, such as digital maps, dot maps, small animals and so on. It can be preserved and enjoyed as a teaching resource, and it is also convenient to take it out and use it when reviewing.
(C) the use of music activities:
Atlas is another form of wall chart. Atlas is widely used in kindergarten music activities, and its role has been recognized by many teachers. Singing activities carried out in kindergartens by using atlas are in line with the learning characteristics of children's thinking in images, which is conducive to the establishment of clear concepts for children. Without some teaching AIDS, it is difficult for children to understand and express some music materials. Visual symbol materials such as atlas can simplify and visualize music materials, enhance the intuitive effect, inspire children to master various melodic rhythms on the basis of understanding atlas, stimulate children's interest in learning, deepen their understanding and memory, and thus improve the quality of activities. Based on my own personal practice in actual teaching, I talk about the important role of atlas in kindergarten singing activities.
1.Atlas helps children understand and memorize lyrics easily.
In the music activity of "Singing Spring" in the big class, I used symbols instead of lyrics. For example, more vivid lyrics are expressed by vivid paintings: "There are rosy clouds in the sky", and a simple rosy cloud is drawn to express them; "There are red flowers on the ground," said a red flower; "Birds chirping in the tree", draw a bird standing in the tree; Let's clap our hands and laugh together ",which means clap your hands and smile. For more abstract lyrics, "gnome male-,gnome male-,gnome male-,gnome male-,gnome male-,gnome male-,gnome male-,gnome male-,gnome male-,gnome male-,gnome male-,gnome male-,gnome male-,gnome male-,gnome male-,let's come together", which is indicated by a circle; "Sing a spring" means "spring".
In the process of guessing and speaking, children quickly understand the meaning represented by symbols, which is also a good infiltration to cultivate children's early reading ability and guess the meaning according to pictures. At this time, children listen to songs with a purpose, because the atlas establishes the connection between children and music, and they will be happy that they have heard and remembered many lyrics. It is no longer a burden for children to hear clearly and understand the lyrics. On the contrary, children can get a happy and successful experience in this process. Using intuitive pictures can not only help children understand the lyrics quickly, but also keep a deeper and lasting impression on the lyrics. In the later stage of the activity, children can get rid of the album and sing freely, because the intuitive visual image already exists in children's minds.
2. Atlas skillfully solves the difficult rhythm.
In the middle class "Yangliuqing" percussion activity, the reproductive rhythm level of children who use the atlas group is completely different from that of children who don't use the atlas group, and there is a big difference. In the process of non-atlas group activities, let children listen to music directly and follow the teacher's rhythm, but once the teacher stops, children can't master the rhythm of music.
In another group of activities, I put a small number of beats at the bottom of the notation, which are represented by stick figures of hands and feet respectively. After children have learned it several times, they can complete the rhythm connection independently. The reason is that intuitive images help children sort out the types of rhythm, and with the help of wall charts, it is easier for children to reproduce the rhythm. From having a picture to not having a picture, the difficulty is easy to solve.
In kindergarten singing activities, teachers have many strategies. The effective use of wall charts can help children easily understand and memorize lyrics, skillfully solve difficult rhythms and stimulate their interest in autonomous learning.
Three, the use of wall charts teaching matters needing attention:
Wall chart teaching is a common form in kindergarten teaching activities. In practice, we also realize the following aspects that need attention:
1. According to the characteristics of children's age, the content and characteristics of activities, choose the appropriate wall chart to better help children understand and experience activities.
2. As long as you can play a role in the activity, don't pursue beauty too much, just be close to the children, and don't spend a lot of time pursuing appearances and distinguishing the importance.
3. Teachers' painting skills are very important. The design of wall charts should be vivid, scientific and accurate, which can stimulate children's enthusiasm for learning and contribute to the effective interaction between teachers and students in teaching activities.
In teaching activities, I think the effect of applying wall charts to various subjects is also obvious. We should organically apply the wall chart method to future teaching activities. I believe with the help of this teaching method, our teaching activities will be more effective.
Everything has advantages and disadvantages. If we simply pursue computerization, some scientific contents will be too simple, which will make children lose the opportunity of practical operation and thinking, which is not conducive to the development of children's abstract logical thinking. On the other hand, if you blindly believe in wall charts, then many forms of activities will be too single, especially today when modern teaching is advocated. Spencer said: Teaching should start with intuition and end with abstraction. Therefore, the design of wall charts should deal with the relationship between intuition and abstraction, highlight the essential characteristics of teaching content, make it have a certain depth, and let children "jump up and pick fruits" to achieve the real teaching purpose. At the same time, the use of wall charts is only a teaching method, and it is the use of wall charts, that is, teaching design, that causes the change of teaching quality, not the wall charts themselves. We should choose the teaching wall chart based on the teaching content, rather than taking the teaching wall chart as the dominant teaching content. In teaching, what kind of design scheme and media means should we choose and use to be efficient. Because the use of teaching wall charts is not only a matter of using more and less, but also a matter of using practical and flexible. So we must choose the teaching method according to the actual situation.