How to organize and guide middle school students' early reading
Early reading refers to helping children transition from oral language to written language through a large number of illustrated books in the pre-school stage, and comprehensively cultivating children's thinking, language, imagination, character and habits. Its outstanding advantage lies in promoting children's mental development, enhancing language ability and cultivating good habits through early reading education. Modern psychological research believes that attaching importance to children's early reading education plays a very important role in improving children's learning ability, intellectual development and lifelong development. The Guiding Outline of Kindergarten Education clearly points out, "Cultivate children's interest in simple symbols and characters that are common in life, arouse children's interest in books, reading and writing by using books, paintings and other forms, and cultivate children's pre-reading and writing skills". From the Outline, we can easily find that in the language education of preschool children, we advocate and attach importance to early reading. Practice and research show that 3-8 years old is the key period to cultivate children's reading interest and improve their reading ability. At this stage, children's spoken language develops rapidly, and at the same time, they begin to recognize symbols, the meaning and correlation between sounds, and try to solve what they see and hear in their own language. Only when children become independent readers can they truly have basic reading ability. So, how can we stimulate children's reading interest, cultivate children's good reading habits and improve their reading ability? First, creating a good environment to stimulate children's interest in reading is the driving force for learning. Children are often particularly interested in what they like and actively participate in it. It is necessary to start with children's interest points, create various good environments suitable for children's reading, and stimulate children's reading interest. 1. Create a relaxed and pleasant reading environment based on children's psychological characteristics. First of all, we should provide children with a bright and quiet space, give them a quiet and comfortable feeling, so that they can concentrate on reading or communicate with their peers and get pleasure and satisfaction from reading. As the saying goes, "those who are near the ink are black, and those who are near the ink are black." Because children have strong plasticity and imitation, children will inevitably be influenced by parents and family members intentionally or unintentionally in the family. Therefore, in order to cultivate children's reading interest, parents must take the lead in reading and reading newspapers, set a good example for their children, and strive to create a good reading atmosphere, which is very important for cultivating children's reading interest and habits. Secondly, we should create an interactive reading environment for children. Teacher-student relationship and peer relationship are important parts of early reading teaching activities. The generation of children's reading interest and the development of reading ability are inseparable from the interaction with reading content, reading methods and reading communication. In reading, in addition to teacher-student reading and teacher-student communication, peer communication and cooperative reading can also make children feel happy and happy in reading. We should respect children's choice of reading books, give appropriate support to children in need in time, read aloud to children in a beautiful and natural tone, or attract children with exaggerated expressions, and then let children explain themselves, pay close attention to their small achievements and praise them in time. It is also possible for children with strong abilities to read books together and tell each other stories in the book, which can also play a role in promoting. Let children get a sense of pleasure and accomplishment from the spirit, thus stimulating their reading interest. 2. Provide appropriate reading materials based on children's cognitive characteristics. Educational psychologists believe that children's reading ability varies greatly at different ages. Therefore, we should provide children with reading materials with diverse topics according to their age and cognitive characteristics and the development requirements of their various abilities. For children in small classes, we should provide some books with lively and interesting story content, simple plot, outstanding image, simple background and few words and lines; Middle-class children, on the other hand, provide storybooks with frequent orgasms, but not too twists and turns. Attention should be paid to the enlightening content of the story, the characters are clear about good and evil, and the background is complex. Children in large classes should provide some long stories with complicated plots, be imaginative and creative, satisfy children's inquiry psychology, cultivate children's independent thinking ability, make children have rich emotional experience through reading books, and promote children's social development. Second, cultivate children's correct reading skills and improve their reading ability. Reading ability is a necessary ability for a person to succeed in all kinds of jobs in the future, and it is the most basic condition for a person to succeed. In order to improve children's early reading ability, we must pay attention to cultivating children's correct reading skills. Specifically, it can be carried out from the following aspects: 1, teaching children correct reading skills. It is very important to teach children reading skills, which is the premise of children's reading activities and the basis of deepening reading. We often see such a picture. Some children pick up a book and turn it over quickly, even several pages at a time, and then declare "I'm finished". They asked him what the book said, but they couldn't answer. This is because children haven't mastered reading skills yet. Therefore, how to correctly guide children to learn to read is a key issue. At the beginning, parents and teachers should read with their children to help them master the initial reading skills. Stories are the main materials for children to read, and children like to listen to stories. Therefore, adults can read story books with their children. Pointing to each Chinese character, tell him the pictures of the book page by page in a soothing tone, and guide the children to learn to watch the characters and animals in each picture and understand the organic connection between the front and back of the picture. In the process of telling stories, you can set "suspense" for children. For example, tell children the story of "duck in boots". It is said that the duckling in red boots fell into the water and stopped to ask the children, "What will happen to it?" Let children daydream about the development and ending of the story and find the answer in the book, which can not only enrich their imagination and creativity, but also promote their habit of reading, exploring and thinking actively and improve their ability to understand and analyze problems. When children have independent reading consciousness and ask themselves to read independently. Parents and teachers should teach their children to master elementary reading skills. For example, teach children to know the structure of books, know that books have a cover, a title on the cover, and a page number on each page; Learn the basic methods of taking books, turning pages and reading books, and know that when reading books, you should turn pages from front to back, from left to right and from top to bottom; Can identify people or things in the book, understand the general idea of each painting, tell the main content of the book, and deepen reading comprehension. In addition, teachers and adults should also create and use various environments to provide various conditions for children to apply their reading experience to new situations. When taking children out, guide them to observe the surrounding environment, encourage them to ask questions, and don't have to rush to answer small questions in their daily lives, but encourage them to read relevant books and find answers. Let them find the answers themselves, gain a sense of success, and at the same time further understand the wonders of books and enhance their desire to read. If spring comes, take the children to enjoy the spring scenery outside the garden. In the embrace of nature, let children express their feelings about spring in standard and accurate language according to their existing experience, and show these feelings in the form of picture story books, so as to achieve the purpose of experience transmission. 2. Cultivate children's sensitivity to words. Cultivating children's sensitivity to words and understanding the relevant knowledge of words will help children become interested in reading and learn written language quickly. Therefore, it is necessary to create a writing environment for children, let them feel that words are everywhere around them, help them actively participate in various collective activities, and get recognition and praise from the outside world. For example, provide children with excellent books, writing materials and some pieces and literacy cards; Stick some text labels on important items around children; When taking children out, guide them to know and read the words on billboards and various signs around them; The names of family members, common items in daily life, and the names of animals and plants that children are interested in are expressed in standardized words, and various word games are used to help children remember and understand, so that children can understand the function and significance of words, and children can feel the magic and interest of words, generate a desire to read and write, and form the basis of preliminary reading. Third, cultivate children's good reading habits. Good reading habits include: reading posture, quiet reading, focused reading, orderly taking and placing, turning pages correctly, caring for books, etc. What is more difficult to cultivate is to concentrate on reading and caring for books, which is the characteristic of children reading while watching, but it is easy to influence others and interfere with each other. Therefore, to cultivate the habit of focusing on reading, we must first let children learn to read alone, and then arrange a certain time for children to communicate with each other and exchange reading content. For children, caring for books is easier said than done. Despite repeated reminders from parents and teachers, books are always torn and folded. In view of this phenomenon, we discussed with our children and analyzed and summarized some reading rules. For example, we should take and put books in an orderly way, turn over the books slowly, and open a library and hospital. Volunteers in the hospital specially select children who love to tear books and don't care. When repairing books, we discuss with them what tools to use and how to repair them. When repairing books, let them have a look, let children know that books are "sick" and can't be cured, and let them know that it is not easy to care for books. In this way, children's awareness of caring for books will become stronger and stronger, and the bad phenomenon of tearing and folding books will gradually disappear. The author believes that the cultivation of children's reading ability, as an important part of early childhood education, has its own laws and characteristics, and we must proceed from reality and pay attention to gradual progress in the initial education stage. As long as parents and teachers enhance their training awareness, seek truth from facts and pay attention to the content and form of reading activities, children's reading interests, methods and habits can be cultivated, and their reading ability will naturally be improved. In a word, children's early reading is a long-term and systematic educational project, which needs purposeful and reasonable training and guidance from parents and teachers, so that children can develop good reading interests and habits, acquire all kinds of knowledge from them, and promote the development of children's thinking ability, imagination and language expression ability. On the premise of reading and learning, children's reading ability will naturally improve. The acquisition of this ability has an inestimable impact on children's lifelong development. Never miss the opportunity to delay the child's lifelong development. For the healthy growth of children, let us pay more attention to children's early reading education, cultivate their reading interests and habits, lay a foundation for their future growth, and let them benefit from the benefits of reading for life!