1, office building personnel density
2. The closed stairwell doors of high-rise buildings, crowded public buildings, crowded multi-storey Class C factories, Class A and Class B factories should adopt Class B fire doors, and should be opened in the evacuation direction; In other buildings, two-way spring doors can be used.
Memory formula: high Gong Mi, icy rice, a, b.
3. Evacuation staircases in multi-storey public buildings, except stairwells directly connected with open verandahs. Closed stairwells shall be used:
(1) Medical buildings, hotels, old buildings and buildings with similar functions;
(2) Buildings with song and dance entertainment places;
(3) Shops, libraries, exhibition buildings, conference centers and similar buildings with functions;
(4) Other buildings with 6 floors or above.
Memory method and formula: the old man went to the hotel after dancing and singing, and was sent to the hospital with excitement. Interns go to the store to buy tools, to the library to check information, to the exhibition hall to see specimens, and finally to the conference center on the sixth floor to see a doctor.
4. Digital memory of refuge floor
(1) The net area of the refuge floor should meet the requirements of the designed number of refugees, and it should be 5 persons/㎡.
(2) The height of the first refuge floor from the fire rescue operation site should not be greater than 50m；; The distance between refuge floor and refuge floor should not be more than 50m.
(3) The pipeline well and the equipment room should be separated from the refuge area by a fireproof partition wall with a fire resistance limit of not less than 2.0h, and the door between the pipeline well and the equipment room should not directly lead to the refuge area. If it is really necessary to drive directly to the refuge area, the distance from the entrance and exit of the refuge area should not be less than 5m, and a Class A fire door should be adopted.
(4) The refuge floor can be arranged in combination with the equipment floor, and flammable and combustible liquid or gas pipelines and smoke exhaust pipelines should be arranged centrally and separated from the refuge floor by a firewall;
Memory formula: five people, building a firewall at night, trapped between pipes 2.
Note: 5 people built a firewall (combustible liquid/gas) at night, and 2 people (2.00h) were trapped in the pipe room (pipeline well and equipment room).
5, ring fire lane setting requirements
(1) High-rise civil buildings, gymnasiums with more than 3,000 seats, auditoriums with more than 2,000 seats, single-storey and multi-storey public buildings with more than 3,000m2, etc. , a circular fire lane should be set up. When there are difficulties, fire lanes can be set along the two long sides of the building; For high-rise residential buildings and high-rise civil buildings built on the hillside or near the river, a fire lane can be set along a long side of the building, but the facade of the building where the long side is located should be the working surface for fire engines to climb high.
(2) High-rise workshops, Class A, B and C workshops with an area of more than 3,000 ㎡ and Class B and C warehouses with an area of more than 1.500 m3 should be equipped with circular fire lanes, in case of real difficulties. Fire lanes should be set along the two long sides of the building.
Memory formula: 323, factory building ring, high-rise priority, A, B and C 3000, B and C warehouses halved.
6. No more than 8% of fire lanes, no more than 3% of fire trucks and no more than 8% of gas stations.
Memory formula: Let's go (8) Climb the mountain (3) Come on (8)!
7. The decoration materials are all A on the wall.
(1) There are no natural lighting stairs, closed smoke-proof stairs, evacuation walkways and exit halls in underground civil buildings.
(2) Underground shopping malls/exhibition halls with high personnel density and high mobility (Grade A decoration materials are also required for sales counters/fixed shelves/booths).
(3) Fire equipment room (except fire control room).
(4) the kitchen.
(5) Evacuation walkways, fire zones, fire elevator cars and smoke-proof vertical walls.
Memory formula: Smoke-proof hanging walls are set up from the walkway of the underground shopping mall to the stairwell, the refuge walkway, the fire equipment room of the kitchen compartment to the fire elevator.
8. When the temporary high-pressure fire water supply system is used indoors, the setting of high-level fire water tank shall meet the following requirements:
High-rise civil buildings, public buildings with a total construction area of more than 10000㎡ and more than 2 floors, and other important buildings must be equipped with high-level fire water tanks.
Memory formula: Gao Minjian, more than 10,000.
9. Scenarios where there is no need to set the standby pump for fire pump: residence with H≤54m, and design flow: outdoor ≯25L/S indoor ≯10l/s.
Memory formula: 54 otaku at home 250.
10, setting of water pump adapter
(1) High-rise (civil and industrial) buildings
(2) Houses with fire water supply
(3) Other multi-storey civil buildings with more than five floors.
(4) Multi-storey industrial buildings with more than four floors
(5) Underground or semi-underground buildings (rooms) with more than two floors/underground or semi-underground buildings with a building area greater than 10000㎡.
(6) The design flow of indoor fire hydrant is greater than 10L/s, which is a civil air defense project combining peacetime and wartime.
(7) Water fire extinguishing systems such as automatic sprinkler system, water spray fire extinguishing system, foam fire extinguishing system and fixed fire monitor fire extinguishing system.
(8) Urban traffic tunnels
Memory formula: how many people are there above 5 floors; High-tech workers with more than 4 floors; The next ten thousand on the second floor; Civil air defense exceeds10; Urban tunnel water system is destroyed; Fire water supply room.
1 1, solid combustion classification
(1) evaporative combustion
Combustible solids, such as sulfur, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, candles, rosin, etc. When heated by a fire source, it melts and evaporates, while substances that are easy to sublimate, such as camphor and naphthalene, do not melt during combustion, but their combustion phenomenon can also be regarded as evaporative combustion.
Memory formula: sodium, potassium and phosphorus wax, rosin, asphalt, camphor and naphthalene.
⑵ Surface combustion
Combustion reaction of combustible solids (such as charcoal, coke, iron, copper, etc.). ) is caused by the direct action of oxygen and substances on its surface, which is called surface combustion. This is a flameless combustion, sometimes called non-uniform combustion.
Memory formula: iron and copper are hot (charcoal)
(3) Decomposition combustion
Combustible solids (such as wood, coal, synthetic plastics, calcium-plastic materials, etc. ) Thermal decomposition occurs when heated by a fire source, and then the decomposed combustible volatiles react with oxygen. This form of combustion is usually called decomposition combustion.
Memory formula: wood has no plastic.
(4) Smoked combustion (smoldering)
There is often a burning phenomenon with only smoke and no flame, which is smoke burning, also called smoldering. Many solid materials (such as paper, sawdust, fiber fabric, latex rubber, etc. ) you can smolder.
Classified memory formula of solid combustion: sending (electric) smoked cousin
12, flash points of several common flammable or combustible liquids
13, classified according to the nature of burning objects.
Memory formula: children go to the gold shop to cook.
14, according to the degree of disaster losses caused by fire accidents.
Memory formula: 313; 15 1; Nodes are strict.
15, flash point
Memory formula: Retire at 28 or 60.
16, classification of public buildings
( 1)h & gt； 50m public building
(2) Stores, exhibitions, telecommunications, postal services, finance, trade and financial buildings and other buildings with multiple functions (e-mail combination of trade exhibitions) with a building height of more than 24m and a floor area of more than 1000m2.
(3) Medical buildings, important public buildings and independently built nursing facilities for the elderly (h & gt24).
(4) Provincial and above radio and television and disaster prevention command and dispatching building, network bureau level and provincial power dispatching (h & gt24).
(5) Libraries and stacks with more than 6,543,800 volumes (h & gt24).
Memory formula: the old man has read millions of books and commanded the power grid bureau across provinces.
17, workshop floor storage
Memory formula: two, six, six, three, three, five, three, four, five, one, and one for Class A..
18. The store is located in the warehouse workshop.
Memory formula: Yaoshan Five Monsters, don't flash when moving (level B, two products combined with three levels).
19, business hall and exhibition hall in Class I and II fire-resistant buildings, when automatic fire extinguishing system and automatic fire alarm system are set up, and nonflammable or nonflammable decorative materials are used, the maximum allowable building area of each fire-resistant partition can be appropriately increased and shall meet the following requirements:
(1) is set in a high-rise building and should not be greater than 4000m2;
(2) When it is set in a single-storey building or only on the first floor of a multi-storey building, it should not be greater than10000m2 (not limited to 5000m2 on the first floor);
(3) When it is set underground or semi-underground, it should not be greater than 2000m2.
Memory formula: kill second brother only 10000 yuan; kill second brother 10000 yuan (10000 yuan) (4000 yuan), kill second brother (underground) only (first floor).
20. Underground or semi-underground shops with a total construction area of more than 20,000 ㎡ shall be divided into multiple areas with a construction area of not more than 20,000 ㎡, such as sunken squares, fire zones, evacuation walkways, smoke-proof stairwells and other outdoor open spaces. Communication shall be conducted in a manner that meets the requirements.
Memory formula: treacherous court officials cannot be prevented.
2 1, the drainage riser at the end of the water testing device shall be provided with an extended vent pipe with a diameter of not less than 75mm, and the drainage riser of the alarm valve group shall have a diameter of not less than100 mm..
Formula memory: Don't cheat me (75), fine one hundred (100).
22, set the location before action
(1) It is forbidden to spray by mistake (double chain) when it is in quasi-working state;
(2) When the pipeline is in a quasi-working state, it is forbidden to inject water into the pipeline (single chain);
(3) Replace the dry system (single chain).
Memory formula: do it alone, without filling water, double wrong spray.
23. The spontaneous flow increased by 65438 0.3 times.
(1) In places with permeable ceilings with grids and grilles, the water spraying intensity of the system shall be determined according to 1.3 times of the value specified in the table;
(2) The action area of dry system is determined by 1.3 times of the specified value in the table; The action area of the pre-action system (when the automatic fire alarm system acts with the pressure switch on the gas-filled pipeline) is determined according to 1.3 times of the specified value in the table.
Memory formula: netcom 1.3 times stronger; Noodles, pre-double, press 1.3 times.
The strength of Netcom (grid, ventilation ceiling, system water spraying strength) is 1.3 times; Dry noodles (dry action area), front double (front action double chain), according to 1.3 times the income.
24. For wet system and pre-action system, the number of nozzles controlled by alarm valve group should not exceed 800, and for dry system, it should not exceed 500.
Memory formula: the west (wet) domain is overbearing, killing 500; The west (wet) area overlooks (800) road, and 500 is dry (dry).
25, the most unfavorable point of each alarm valve group control nozzle should be set at the end of the test device, other fire zones and floors should be set with a test valve with a diameter of 25 mm..
Memory formula: it is not appropriate to set the terminal for alarm, and set the floor partition to test the water.
26. In places with light and medium risk levels, the number of standard flow nozzles controlled by each branch pipe on both sides of the water distribution pipe should not exceed 8. At the same time, the water distribution branch pipes of the nozzle should be set on the ceiling, with no more than 8 up and down. There should be no more than 6 places with serious risk level and warehouse risk level.
Memory formula: medium light 8; Heavy position 6.
27. Fire extinguishing mechanism of water mist system: dilution, surface cooling, suffocation and emulsification.
Memory formula: beauty is like a flower.
28. Fire extinguishing mechanism of water mist system: endothermic cooling, radiation thermal barrier, oxygen isolation suffocation and soaking.
Memory formula: western cold radiates heat, nurturing western beauty.
29, smoke prevention facilities
① Smoke-proof stairwell and its front room in the building
② Front room or shared front room of fire elevator room.
(3) the front room of the escape corridor
④ Refuge floor (room)
Memory formula: go ahead and die (avoid).
30, smoke exhaust facilities
(1) civil buildings
(1) song and dance, entertainment, projection and entertainment places located on the first, second and third floors with a building area of more than 100㎡, four floors and above, or underground or semi-underground;
② Atrium;
(3) Above-ground rooms in public * * buildings with a building area greater than 100㎡ and often inhabited;
(4) Above-ground rooms with a building area of more than 300m2 and more combustible materials;
⑤ Evacuation walkways with a length greater than 20m in the building.
(2) Underground buildings
In underground, semi-underground buildings (rooms) and windowless rooms on the ground, when the total construction area is more than 200m2 or the construction area of a room is more than 50m2, people often stay or there are many combustibles.
Memory formula: 1st, 2nd and 3rd floors 100 m2, 4th floor underground, atrium; Ordinary people 100 burns 300, and evacuation corridors use 20; There is a windowless basement on the ground, with a total area of 200 and 50, which is often inhabited or combustible.
(3) (1) Class C production sites with more personnel and combustible substances;
(2) The above-ground rooms with a building area of more than 300m2, often inhabited or with more combustible materials in Class C workshops;
(3) Class D workshop with a building area of more than 5000m2;
④ Class C warehouse with an area greater than 1000m2;
⑤ Evacuation walkways with a height of more than 32m and a length of more than 20m for high-rise factories (warehouses), and evacuation walkways with a length of more than 40m for other factories (warehouses).
Memory formula: there can be up to 300 people in plant C, and 5000 people in plant 65438 in warehouse C; 32 factory warehouse takes 20, and other factories take 40.
3 1, indoor fire hydrant
(1) Workshop (warehouse) with a building area of more than 300m2.
(2) Stations, wharves and airport terminals with an area of more than 5,000 m3, and single-storey and multi-storey buildings such as exhibition buildings, shops, hotels, medical buildings, elderly care facilities and library buildings.
(3) Super-class and first-class theaters, more than 800 theaters and cinemas of other levels, 1200 auditorium, gymnasium and other single and multi-storey buildings.
(4) Single-storey and multi-storey civil buildings such as office buildings and teaching buildings with a building height greater than 15m or a volume greater than 10000m 3.
(5) High-rise public buildings and residential buildings with building height greater than 21m.
(6) For residential buildings with a building height of less than 27m, when there are difficulties, only dry fire standpipes and indoor fire hydrants without DN65 can be set in fire hydrant box.
Memory formula: Gaogong No.3 Factory 2 1 house; Tejia 800 Theater; The thousand-two-body ceremony is very special; 15 Education Bureau kicked over 10,000 yuan. More than 5000 elderly people, business exhibitions and medical travel maps.
32, fire hose reel portable fire hose
The following places should be equipped with fire hose reels or portable fire hoses.
(1) crowded public buildings;
(2) Buildings with a building height greater than 100 m;
(three) commercial service outlets with a construction area of more than 200 square meters;
(4) The nursing facilities for the elderly should be equipped with fire hose reels directly connected with the indoor water supply system, and the spacing should not be greater than 30m.
Memory formula: super-high business service II. People are dense and old.
33. The metering accuracy of the fire pump flow detection device should be 0.4, and 75% of the maximum range should be greater than 175% of the maximum design flow value of the fire pump.
The measurement accuracy of the fire pump pressure detection device shall be 0.5, and 75% of the maximum range shall be greater than 165% of the maximum design pressure of the fire pump.
Memory formula: cheating on my wife to death, I will run over the road.
34. The fire pump control cabinet is set in the special fire pump control room, and its protection level should not be lower than IP30；; When set in the same space with the fire pump, its protection level should not be lower than IP55.
Memory formula: IP address. Specializing in three things and five things.
35. The temporary high-pressure fire water supply system with stabilized pump should have technical measures to prevent the stabilized pump from starting and stopping frequently. When the pneumatic water tank is used, its regulating volume should be calculated and determined according to the starting times of the pressure stabilizing pump not more than 15 times /h, but the effective volume should not be less than 150L.
Memory formula: waist dance, waist dance.
36. For high-rise buildings, factories, warehouses and civil buildings with an indoor clear height of more than 8m, the dynamic pressure of hydrant bolt mouth should not be less than 0.35Mpa, and the water column of fire hose should reach 13m.
Memory formula: high building height, factory building warehouse.
37. For public places of entertainment, atrium corridors, wards and treatment areas of hospitals and sanatoriums, collective activity places for the elderly, children and the disabled, underground commercial places and floors exceeding the water supply height of fire pump adapters, rapid reaction nozzles should be used.
Memory formula: old and young, sick and disabled, go into the water.
38, nozzle setting location, specifications, models, nominal working temperature, response time and other indicators should meet the design requirements. Spot check 10% of the number of design nozzles, the total number is not less than 40, and the qualified rate should be 100%.
Memory formula: bite you to death before installation (140).
39, nozzle installation spacing, nozzle and the distance between the floor, walls, beams and other obstacles should meet the design requirements. Spot check 5% of the number of design nozzles, with a total of not less than 20 nozzles, with a distance deviation of 15mm and a qualified rate of not less than 95%.
Memory formula: I love you after installation (520).
40. Side-wall sprinklers can be used in residential buildings, dormitories, hotel rooms, medical building wards and offices with light and moderate dangerous roofs.
Memory formula: passengers stay in the infirmary.
4 1. The smoke exhaust fire damper shall be set in the following parts of the smoke exhaust pipeline:
(1) on the horizontal pipe section at the joint of the vertical air duct and each layer of horizontal air duct;
(2) loading the smoke exhaust system on the smoke exhaust branch pipes of a plurality of smoke prevention zones;
(3) Exhaust fan inlet;
(4) Crossing the fire zone.
Memory formula: thread into branch pipe.
42. Fire extinguisher configuration K 1= 1.3 Places: shopping malls, underground places, temples, song and dance entertainment, and Internet cafes.
Memory formula: God is the king of songs (business, land, temple, song, net).
43, the division of gas fire extinguishing system reserves
(1) The reserve should be divided into a separate enclosed space;
(2) When the ceiling and floor in the same area need to be protected at the same time, they can be merged into a protected area;
(3) When using pipe network fire extinguishing system, the area and volume of a protected area should not be greater than 800㎡ and 3600 m3 respectively.
(4) When the assembled fire extinguishing system is used, the area and volume of a protected area should not be greater than 500m2 and 1600m 3 respectively.
Memory formula: I twisted my waist and left my umbrella as a crutch.
Note: I screwed (1600) the umbrella (800) in advance, and left (3600) the pipe (pipe network) as a crutch.
44, heptafluoropropane fire extinguishing system fire extinguishing concentration:
(1) communication room/electronic room, etc. , fire extinguishing design concentration should be 8%;
(2) Oil-immersed transformer room, power distribution room with oil switch, self-provided generator room, etc. , fire extinguishing design concentration should be 9%;
(3) Books/archives/bills/cultural relics database, etc. , the fire extinguishing design concentration should be 10%.
Memory formula: the oil in the book case has been picked up for a long time and is not easy to use. Turn on the power!
Note: The oil (oil-immersed power distribution room, switch with oil) collected from books (files) for a long time (10%) is not easy to use. Please turn on the power supply (communication room/computer) (8%)!
45. Smoke detection: ion smoke detection, photoelectric smoke detection, infrared beam, air-breathing fire detector, etc.
Memory formula: exhale from electricity (leave the electronic equipment and go out to inhale).
46, smoke fire detector in the grid ceiling position.
① When the ratio of hollowed-out area to total area is not more than 15%, the detector should be set below the ceiling.
(2) When the hollowed-out area accounts for more than 30% of the total area, the detector should be set above the ceiling.
③ When the ratio of hollowed-out area to total area is 15%-30%, it is determined according to the experimental results.
Memory formula: do a waist dance up the hill.
Note: Going up (up) the mountain (30%) and dancing (down) the waist (15%).
47, fire detection area
The following places should be independently divided into testing areas.
① Open or close stairwells and smoke-proof stairwells.
(2) The front room of the smoke-proof stairwell, the front room of the fire elevator, the front room of the smoke-proof stairwell and the shared front room, walkway and ramp of the fire elevator.
(3) Electrical pipelines, communication pipelines and cable tunnels.
(4) Impermeable roof and interlayer
Memory formula: climb to the top in advance.
48, the right choice point temperature:
(1) The relative humidity is often greater than 95%;
(2) Smokeless fire may occur;
(3) There are a lot of dust/smoking rooms and other places where smoke or steam is trapped under normal circumstances;
(4) Kitchen, boiler room, generator room and drying workshop (high frequency test center);
(5) It is necessary to extinguish the inside of the exit signal lamp in linkage;
(6) No one stays, and there is no need to install smoke detectors.
Memory formula: the pot is dry.
49, smoke control system wind speed
(1) The wind speed of the pressurized air supply outlet should not be greater than 7m/s. ..
(2) The wind speed of the smoke outlet shall not be greater than10m/s. ..
Memory formula: cigarette 70.
50. Air inlet wind speed
(1) The wind speed of the mechanical air inlet shall not be greater than10m/s;
(2) The wind speed of air inlet in crowded places should not be greater than 5m/s;
(3) The wind speed of natural air inlet should not be greater than 3m/s.
Memory formula: dense cornerstones.
5 1. Each lighting single-phase branch circuit shall not exceed 16A, and the number of connected light sources shall not exceed 25. When connecting building combination lights, the loop current should not exceed 25A, and the number of light sources should not exceed 60. The current connected to the single-phase branch circuit of high-intensity gas discharge lamp should not exceed 30A.
Memory formula: love me all the way, love me to stay.
52. System continuous emergency time
(1) Civil buildings with a building height greater than 100m (1.5h).
(2) Medical buildings and elderly care facilities, public buildings with a total construction area of more than 100000㎡ and underground and semi-underground buildings with a total area of more than 20000㎡ (1.0h).
(3) Other buildings (0.5h).
Memory formula: old people and medical buildings, aboveground 10w, underground 2w, time limit 1 hour.
53, the following buildings or places should be in the ground of evacuation corridors and main evacuation routes to add a visual continuity of light evacuation signs or light storage evacuation signs:
(1) Exhibition buildings with a total construction area of over 8000m2;
(two) shops on the ground with a total construction area of more than 5000 square meters;
(3) Underground or semi-underground shops with a total construction area of over 500m2;
(4) Song and dance entertainment places;
(5) 65,438 cinemas and theaters with more than 0,500 seats, and gymnasiums, auditoriums or auditoriums with more than 3,000 seats;
(6) Public areas of waiting rooms, waiting halls and terminals with a building area of more than 3,000 ㎡ in stations, wharf buildings and civil airport terminals.
Memory formula: 8 exhibitions, 5 ups and 5 downs; Wanju, ballroom; 3,000 cars, boats and stadiums.
54, the following places of fire power supply should be based on the level of load:
(1) Class B and Class C production workshops and Class C goods warehouses with a building height greater than 50m;
(2) A class of high-rise civil buildings;
(3) First-class large-scale petrochemical plants, large-scale integrated iron and steel enterprises and large-scale material warehouses.
Memory formula: one is high and three is big, 50 ethylene propylene propylene.