Luo Shen by Gu Kaizhi in the Eastern Jin Dynasty
Dunn Li Ben's "Walking Map"
The Picture of Maids in the Tang Dynasty, which was announced.
Cloud's "Five Cattle Map"
"Han Xizai's Night Banquet" by Gu in the Five Dynasties
Wang Ximeng's "A Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains" in Northern Song Dynasty
The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival by Zhang Zeduan in Northern Song Dynasty
Fuchun Shan Jutu in Huangyuan Wang Gong
Ming Chou Ying's "Spring Dawn in Han Palace"
Qing Lang Shining's Hundred Horses Map
The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is a genre painting of the Northern Song Dynasty, with a width of 24.8 cm and a length of 528.7 cm. The silk version is colored. This picture scroll is a masterpiece of Zhang Zeduan, a painter of the Northern Song Dynasty. It belongs to a national treasure and is now in the Palace Museum in Beijing. In the form of a long scroll, the work vividly records the urban life of China in the12nd century by using the composition method of scattered perspective, which is unique in the painting history of China and even the world. In a total of more than five meters long picture scroll, * * * painted more than 550 people of various colors, including 50 or 60 cattle, horses, mules, donkeys and other livestock, more than 20 cars and sedan chairs, and more than 20 ships, large and small. Houses, bridges, towers, etc. They also have their own characteristics, reflecting the characteristics of architecture in the Song Dynasty. It has high historical value and artistic level. Zhang Zeduan (1085- 1 145), the correct word. Han nationality, Langxie Wu Dong (now Zhucheng) people. Famous painter of the Northern Song Dynasty. His genre painting "The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival" is one of the world famous paintings, which depicts the life scenes of all social strata in the suburbs of Bianjing during Qingming Festival. True and vivid, it is an excellent genre painting with important historical value and outstanding artistic achievements. After nearly a thousand years, it is still well preserved in the Palace Museum in Beijing. Zhang Zeduan has been studious since he was a child. In his early years, he studied in Bianjing (now Kaifeng, Henan Province) and then studied painting. Song Huizong works in Hanlin Painting Academy and is good at painting palaces, especially ships, shops, bridges, streets and battlements. After that, he made a living by losing his home and selling paintings, and he wrote "West Lake Auction Map" and "Riverside Map at Qingming Festival". He was an outstanding realist painter at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, and most of his works have been lost. The Riverside Map at Qingming Festival and the Map of Jinming Pool's Olympic bid are ancient Chinese art treasures. These two works are now in the Palace Museum in Beijing. In addition, Tianjin Art Museum has a small "West Lake Auction Map" signed by Zhang Zeduan, which is commissioned works and has been handed over to Tianjin Museum. The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival still exists, which is the best example of Tokyo Dream Record, Life and Death Fu and Biandu Fu. It has great historical value. It not only inherits and develops the long-lost China ancient genre painting, but also inherits the fine tradition of historical genre painting in the early Northern Song Dynasty. During the Northern Song Dynasty, Bianjing was extremely prosperous, with four rivers passing through the city and four land routes. It used to be the national land and water transportation center, ranking first in the country in commercial development, with a population of more than 654.38+0 million. There are many lively markets, shops and even night markets in Bianjing City. On holidays, the capital is even more lively. The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival shows the land and water transportation and busy market in the capital of Northern Song Dynasty. Before the Northern Song Dynasty, China's figure painting was dominated by religion and aristocratic life. Although Zhang Zeduan worked in the Hanlin Painting Academy, his works were all called "courtyard paintings" or "courtyard paintings", but he extended his brush to the lives of people from all walks of life and created social genre paintings describing urban and rural life. The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival draws a large number of various figures. Moreover, the movements and expressions of each character in Zhang Zeduan are vivid. This fully shows that Zhang Zeduan's life is very rich and his creative skills are very skillful.
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After completing this long scroll praising the era and history of peace and prosperity, Zhang Zeduan first presented it to Song Huizong. Song Huizong became the first collector of this painting. As a master of calligraphy and painting in the history of China, Song Huizong loved this painting very much. He wrote the words "The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival" in his famous "Shoujin Style" calligraphy, and made a seal script of Shuanglong (now lost).
This masterpiece, which is well-known at all times and at home and abroad, has been appreciated by countless collectors and connoisseurs for more than 800 years after its publication, and is the goal of later emperors and dignitaries. It went from one place to another and experienced many wars and disasters ... It entered the palace five times and was stolen from the palace four times. After many disasters, it interpreted many legendary stories. In the third year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (1524), the riverside scene in Qingming Festival was transferred to the hand of Changzhou native Lu Wan (Lu Wan was a scholar of Chenghua (1465 ~ 1488), and his rank was as follows: Prince Shao Bao of the Ministry of War, with a heavy name). Li Rihua's Wei Shui Xuan Diary in the Ming Dynasty records that after Lu Wan's death, his wife sewed the Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival into her pillow, never leaving her body, and regarded her as her own life, even her own son could not see her. Mrs. Lu has an unmarried nephew named Wang, who has a clever speech and is very popular with her. Wang is good at painting and prefers celebrity calligraphy and painting, so he tried his best to ask his wife to borrow The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival. After repeated entreaties, the lady reluctantly agreed, but he was not allowed to bring a pen and inkstone. He is only allowed to enjoy it in the lady's attic and is not allowed to pass it on to others. Wang Xinran did it. After two or three months, he watched it for more than a dozen times, and actually copied a somewhat similar painting. At that time, the treacherous court official Yan Song, who had a high eye but a low hand, was looking around for the Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival. Quan Wang, the independent suggestion, bought a fake from Wang Mai for 800 taels of silver and presented it to Yan Song. Tomson, a framer in Yan Song, recognized the painting as a fake, so he blackmailed Wang Tong and asked him to pay 40 taels of silver to bribe himself, but Wang Tong ignored him. Tomson became angry from embarrassment. When he gave a banquet in Yan Song to celebrate, he washed away the old color in the painting with water. Yan Song was greatly embarrassed in front of everyone, and then he found a way to kill Wang Tuan. Wang, who copied this painting, was also implicated, arrested and starved to death in prison. In fact, after Lu's death, his son was in a hurry to use money, so he sold The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival to Gu's house in Kunshan, which was forced by Yan Song and his son. Before that, Yan Song did ask Wang Huan to buy a "famous painting", and Wang Huan did buy a painting by Suzhou Wang Biao as a gift for Yan Song, only to find out later. In Qin Long, Yan Song and his son were impeached by Zou Yinglong, and the officialdom finally fell out of power. Yan Shifan was beheaded, Yan Fu was copied, and The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival was once again included in the palace. The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival was first written by Lu (a native of Xiangxiang, Anhui Province) in the late Qing Dynasty. Lu Feiyong was a scholar during the Qianlong period. After he got the painting, he also wrote an inscription on it. Bi yuan bought it. Bi Yuan (1730 ~ 1797), a native of Zhenyang (now Taicang, Jiangsu), was a scholar in Qianlong for twenty-five years (1760). Bi Yuan loved epigraphy and calligraphy all his life, and he had a rich collection of books at home. After the painting "The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival" was won, I learned from it with my brother Bi Long (a connoisseur of collections in Qing Dynasty), and now the painting is marked by two people. When Bi Yuan worked in Guanzhong, he devoted himself to restoring and protecting local cultural relics, but these became his "crimes". Shortly after Bi Yuan's death, Huguang people revolted against the Qing Dynasty. The Qing court believed that during his tenure as governor of Huguang, Bi Yuan not only took Gaby's post, but also killed all his family members, and his property was stolen into the palace. After the Qing court put the Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival into the palace, it was placed in Yingchun Pavilion in the Forbidden City. Emperor Jiaqing cherished it and ordered it to be included in the third edition of Shiqu Baodi. Since then, the Riverside Map on the Qingming Festival has been kept in the Qing Palace. Although the British and French allied forces invaded Beijing twice in 1860 and Eight-Nation Alliance invaded Beijing twice in 1900, they both escaped the disaster and were not damaged. 19 1 1 years later, the Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, together with other precious paintings and calligraphy, was stolen from the palace by the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty, Puyi, in the name of giving it to Pu Jie, and was first stored in Bird, a concession in Tianjin. 1932, Puyi established the Puppet Manchukuo with the support of the Japanese, so this famous painting was taken to Changchun and stored in the library building of the East Courtyard of Puppet Manchukuo Palace. 1945 In August, the Second World War came to an end, and the end of the Japanese invaders came. Puyi and his Japanese master saw something bad and fled to Dalizigou by plane. The Puppet Manchuria Palace was in a mess because of the fire. In the chaos, many people took the opportunity to enter the palace to "grab foreign fish", and a large number of precious things in the fake palace were scattered to the people in this turmoil, and The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival was among them. 1949, Changchun was liberated by China People's Liberation Army. Zhang Kewei, a cadre of the People's Liberation Army, collected more than ten volumes of precious calligraphy and paintings scattered from the Puppet Manchuria Palace through local cadres, including The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival. From 65438 to 0947, Comrade Zhang Kewei was transferred to the Northeast Administrative Committee. Before he left, he handed over more than ten volumes to Comrade LAM Raymond, one of the main leaders who opened up the revolutionary base areas in Northeast China at that time. The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival entered the Northeast Museum by Lin Feng, and was later transferred to the collection of the Palace Museum in Beijing.
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