The development of information resources is to use information resources more effectively, that is, development is the premise of utilization and utilization is the ultimate goal of development. The so-called information resources development refers to a series of activities to make better use of existing information resources. Broadly speaking, information resources development includes information ontology development, information technology research, information system construction, information equipment manufacturing, information organization establishment, information rules formulation, information environment maintenance, information talent training and other activities. The development process of information resources includes information activities such as information source analysis, information collection, sorting, storage, processing, research and development of value-added information products.
4.2. 1. 1 information source analysis
Information source is the source of information. Information source analysis is an important step in the development and utilization of information resources. Its purpose is to guide information collection, clarify the direction of information collection and make information collection more efficient and accurate.
4.2. 1.2 information collection and transformation
Information collection is a process of searching, summarizing, sorting out and finally forming the required effective information through various channels. At present, due to the limitations of various conditions and the development and convenience of network technology, the main way for us to collect information comes from the network, and the main tool is the computer. Effective information is information that is really useful to us, not any information that is useful to us. The purpose of information collection is to obtain information that can meet the needs of organizational users, and to achieve and meet the purposes of users. Due to the different sources of information, the collection methods will be different and varied. The following are some common information collection methods:
(1) accumulation. For individuals and organizations, this is the main way to obtain internal information. Accumulation depends on long-term attention and collection of relevant information to increase the amount of information and improve the skills and level of individuals and organizations.
(2) purchase. Procurement refers to the direct acquisition of information resources through payment, such as purchasing professional technical materials, ordering related periodicals and newspapers, etc., and is one of the main ways for organizations to obtain external information.
(3) interview. Because tacit knowledge such as experience and skills is kept in people's minds, it is necessary to interview and communicate with the owners of information resources in order to obtain such information resources. However, the effectiveness of the interview depends largely on the interview methods and skills, so relevant communication skills training can effectively and timely obtain useful and true information.
(4) observation. Observation is one of the main ways to obtain first-hand information and micro-information resources. For example, in order to get the enthusiasm and corporate culture of employees, it is necessary to go deep into the grassroots and frontline to understand the situation of employees through observation.
(5) Participate in social activities. Social activities can be called informal information "meetings". Due to the various forms of social activities, the identities and occupations of participants are also diverse, so the information obtained is also extensive. However, because the information of social activities is quite complex, the information obtained may be invalid or even misleading, so screening and screening must be carried out.
(6) Attend formal meetings of the industry. Compared with social activities, the information obtained from formal meetings in the industry is more reliable. There are also various forms of formal industry meetings, such as product fairs, information conferences, trade fairs, expositions, Canton Fair, World Expo, etc. Attending these meetings requires strong interpersonal skills such as communication, exchange, observation and expression.
(7) online search. On-line retrieval refers to the retrieval of documents and materials by users through communication lines and online retrieval systems and through terminal equipment. This computer system generally has many databases, and a database can contain hundreds of thousands or millions of bibliographies or scientific and technological materials. It only takes tens of seconds to retrieve a topic, and the retrieved topic, abstract or data can be displayed and printed on the terminal immediately. The realization of online retrieval is a revolution to the traditional way of information collection, retrieval and provision in libraries. Many online information systems have been put into operation in the world. There are more than 100 retrieval systems and more than 3000 databases in the world.
(8) networking. Network refers to the interconnection between computers in an organization in order to enjoy information and improve efficiency. Due to the need to improve the level of organizational management and the deepening application of computers in organizational management, the ability of a single department to handle affairs can no longer meet the needs of management. Therefore, people use network technology to connect computers distributed in different departments of an organization. At first, it was limited to an office building or factory. Later, due to the continuous expansion of the organization, its office locations may be distributed in different parts of the same city, or even in different cities or countries. For example, Wal-Mart, the world's largest retailer, first began to connect computers distributed in more than 5,000 shopping malls and logistics centers around the world through satellites.
Although there are many ways and means to obtain information, each method and means is restricted by the situation and environment to varying degrees, and also has its own advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, we should adopt appropriate methods to obtain information according to the conditions of the organization and the types of information sources.
4.2. 1.3 information resource organization
Information resource organization refers to the orderly activities of information resources, including the understanding of the regularity of information resources, and the application of the learned regularity to orderly work, that is, the use of certain scientific rules and methods, through the description and sorting of the external characteristics and content characteristics of information, so that disorderly information flows to orderly information flow, thus ensuring users' effective access to and utilization of information, as well as effective circulation and combination of information. Generally speaking, there are three ways to organize information: classification, subject method and database technology.
Classification is the main way for libraries and sci-tech information departments to organize information. Classification is a method to identify things by clustering things that meet the same standard and separating different things according to their properties, characteristics and uses. Classification refers to the structure of systematizing classes or groups according to their relationships, which is embodied in a system table organized by many categories according to certain principles and relationships, and serves as the basis and tool for classification work. The main basis of this work in our country is the China Library Classification, referred to as the Chinese Library Classification. This is a comprehensive classification system. The main table is divided into 22 categories, and then subdivided step by step. * * * There are more than 20,000 categories, covering the contents of various disciplines, with a huge system. However, the amount of information in the non-literature information department is relatively small and comprehensive, so it is impossible to apply this classification mechanically. Therefore, in the process of organizing information resources, we can only refer to the classification principle of this method, and should not copy it all.
Subject method is a method to sort out and retrieve documents with words or standardized words in natural language as symbols to reveal the theme of documents. Theme refers to the specific objects and research problems discussed in the literature. It is an intuitive and widely used information organization method, which takes words as search marks and arranges them in alphabetical order. Different from the classification centered on the theme system, it uses words to express the theme concepts discussed in information resources. Words used to express information content are called subject words. Keywords are different from natural language. It is a language that artificially standardizes words in natural language, that is, words controlled by vocabulary. Subject method can be divided into four methods according to different word selection methods: title method, keyword method, unit morphology and narrative morphology.
A database is a warehouse that organizes, stores and manages data according to the data structure. It came into being about 50 years ago. With the development of information technology and market, especially after 1990s, data management is no longer just storing and managing data, but changing into various data management methods that users need. The database method mainly relies on the way of two-dimensional tables to establish the relationship between tables and achieve the purpose of rapid retrieval and update.
Information ordering is the process of information product development, which transforms disorderly information flow into orderly information flow through the selection, organization and processing of information. This is a highly professional job. As the person in charge of this work, we should master the corresponding book classification and subject indexing methods and apply them. At the same time, due to the increasing popularity of information technology, database technology has become an important means to effectively store and organize information. Therefore, it is very important to master this knowledge and apply it.
The storage of information is another important job. Compared with the collection and arrangement of information, the storage of information is simpler. Information storage refers to the process of recording and sorting out information through various forms. It contains three meanings: one is to record the collected information on the corresponding information carrier according to certain rules; The second is to organize these carriers into a systematic and orderly collection for retrieval according to certain characteristics and contents; The third is to apply advanced technologies and means such as computers to improve the efficiency and utilization level of information storage.
4.2.2 Information resource utilization
4.2.2. 1 information resource retrieval
Today's world is a world of information, and it is particularly important to obtain the required information quickly and effectively, so information resource retrieval is the key link in the utilization of information resources. Retrieval includes manual retrieval and computer retrieval. Information resource retrieval is an act of searching for needed information. Information resource retrieval refers to the process of finding the information resources needed by a specific user at a specific time and under specific conditions from a collection of information resources composed in any way. The complete meaning of information resource retrieval also includes information resource storage, and its implementation process is generally divided into two parts:
(1) Information resource index and stored procedure. Indexing and storage of information resources is the process of indexing a large number of disordered information resources, making them orderly and storing them in a scientific way, forming retrieval tools or documents, that is, organizing retrieval systems.
(2) Information resource demand analysis and retrieval process. Information resource demand analysis and retrieval is an application process of analyzing users' information demand, using an organized retrieval system and searching related information resources according to the methods and ways provided by the system.
Dissemination and Service of Information Resources in 4.2.2.2
The dissemination of information resources is a social activity that transmits information resources to the audience. Information resource service is the starting point and destination of information management activities, an important content and field of information management research, and an activity to provide users with needed information in different ways. Information resource service activities deliver valuable information resources to users by studying users, organizing users and organizing services, and finally help users solve problems. In this sense, information resource service is actually an activity of spreading information resources, exchanging information resources and realizing value-added information resources. Broadly speaking, information resource service covers the whole information work, including the collection, arrangement, storage, processing, transmission, provision and utilization of information resources, and information resource service itself is also the dissemination of information resources.
The nature and scope of information resource dissemination and service vary with the position of information resource management institutions in the dissemination process. Radio, television and other units are in the first-class communication position, and their information resources are mostly spread in large space. They can spread information to many users in a vast space in an instant, so they can be called spatial communication. Internet is also a first-class communication. Although its communication mode is mostly through cable, it is also a first-class communication because of its wide spread. Libraries, archives and other units are in the position of secondary communication, and their communication space is limited. They can only spread the information resources stored in the system to future users in a certain space, that is, they cannot achieve the purpose of instant enjoyment, so they can be called time communication.
Generally speaking, the dissemination and service of information resources can be regarded as a window for information resources management institutions to face the society and the market. The benefits and values of information resource management activities should also be reflected through communication and service. For example, the effect of information resources dissemination and service can be measured by the circulation of books and newspapers, the utilization rate of library books, the ratings of TV programs, the click-through rate of the Internet and the access rate, which indirectly reflects the value of information resources management activities. From the user's point of view, the process of information resources dissemination and service is also the process of users using information resources, which is usually reflected in the unity of information resources consumption and production.
There are three ways to spread and serve information resources: first, information resources provide services, that is, dissemination and services based on information retrieval; The second is information resource consulting service, that is, communication and service based on information resource development; Third, the provision and development of network information resources are mainly based on modern information network technology.
The service provided by information resources is a logical extension of the information resources retrieval process. Without information resource retrieval, there will be no service provided by information resources. Information resource providing service is the most basic way of information resource dissemination and service, which selectively provides information resources and services to users without basically changing the collection or storage form of information resources. To sum up, information resources provide services in the following forms: ① document reproduction service; (2) Publication of books, newspapers and magazines; ③ Exhibition of books, pictures or archives; (4) Borrowing books in the library; ⑤ Opening and utilization of archives; ⑥ Broadcast of radio and television programs.
Information resource consulting service is a communication and service mode developed on the basis of providing information resources. Its premise is the development of information resources, and its essence is the extension of information resources development activities to the market. Its basic feature is to produce new information products by changing the form and content of information resources collected or stored. The main forms of information resources consulting service are: ① information forecasting service; (2) Publishing bibliographic services; ③ Newspaper indexing service; (4) Library and archives collect clues and provide consulting services; (5) fact and data consulting services; ⑥ Topic selection and targeted information service; ⑦ Scientific research project tracking service; ⑧ User education services.
The provision and development of network information resources are based on computer hardware and communication equipment, with application software as the means and database information resources as the object of utilization. Therefore, this information resource service is based on modern information technology. The advantages of this service are: on the one hand, it combines information resource providing service with information resource consulting service to serve the public; On the other hand, it helps to maximize personalized service. Its main forms are: ① user electronic forum; ② Users serve on demand; ③ E-mail; ④ bulletin board system service; ⑤ Online public directory query service; ⑥ Remote retrieval service; ⑦ Remote video conference service; (8) Telegram information broadcasting service; Pet-name ruby electronic publications and magazines.
The dissemination and service of information resources is an important activity connecting information resources management institutions and information markets. Whether it is paid or partially paid, the dissemination and service of information resources can be divided into two ways: free and paid. Generally speaking, information resources provide services free of charge, and information resources consulting services and network information resources services take paid services.
The goal of information resources dissemination and service is to provide users with various information resources and services for information resources production or information resources consumption according to users' needs. Therefore, information resources can not only serve the end users as consumption materials, but also form new information as production materials. Information resources, as consumption materials, are consumed by users, and at the same time, they increase the information resources reserve and corresponding output value for users; As a means of production, information resources are put into the process of information reproduction by users as production information or even "raw materials", forming new information resources, which will be the starting point of a new round of information resource management process. In this way, the dissemination and service of information resources affect society by affecting users. It shoulders the mission of realizing the value of information resource management activities, and also maintains the dynamic balance of information resource management process.