As a kind of knowledge, compared with the commonly used concrete at present, the steel structure can be constructed by dry method, which saves water, occupies less land, and has less noise and dust; Second, due to the reduction of self-weight, the amount of soil taken for foundation construction is small, and the damage to this precious resource of land is small; Third, the use of concrete and bricks is greatly reduced, and the excavation of mountains around the city is reduced, which is conducive to environmental protection; Fourth, the service life of the building expires, the solid waste generated by structural demolition is less, and the recycling price of scrap steel resources is higher. At present, the steel structure building is one of the structures that have the least impact on the urban environment, and it has been widely used in the west, so it is called green building.
China has also formulated a series of technical specifications, supporting policies and organizations for the development of steel structures:
1. 1996 The Ministry of Construction has compiled the Building Technology Policy of 1996-20 10, which proposes to develop steel structure anticorrosion technology and waterproof and fireproof coating technology to meet the development needs of building steel.
2.1998 10/0 In October, the Ministry of Construction issued the Notice on Promoting the Application of10 New Technology in the Construction Industry, in which the eighth new technology was promoted as a steel structure technology. The main contents are: high-rise steel structure technology, space steel structure technology, steel-concrete composite structure technology, high-strength bolt connection and welding technology, steel structure protection technology;
3.65438+1May, 1999, the Ministry of Construction and the State Metallurgical Industry Bureau set up a technical coordination group for construction steel, and successively set up two expert groups, namely "reinforced concrete" and "steel structure";
4. In May, 2000, the Ministry of Construction and the Construction Steel Coordination Group of the State Metallurgical Industry Bureau held a national seminar on the technical development of building steel structures in Beijing. The Ministry of Construction and the State Metallurgical Industry Bureau formed a national steel structure expert group to discuss the tenth five-year plan, the outline of 20 10 development plan and the technical policy of building steel structure engineering. Experts suggest that building steel structures can be divided into five categories: high-rise heavy steel structures, space long-span steel structures, light steel structures, steel-concrete composite structures and residential steel structures, and residential steel structures should be the development focus during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period.
5. The Ministry of Construction issued the national industry standard of variable frequency welded thin-walled H-beam for structure with document (200 1) 13 1. This will promote the further popularization and application of domestic high-frequency welded H-beam.
Under the guidance of these policies, China's steel structure buildings have developed rapidly.
Since 1980s, there have been more than 40 high-rise steel structures built or under construction in Chinese mainland, with a total area of about 3.2 million square meters, steel consumption of about 300,000 tons and capital of about 60 billion yuan. In Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Dalian, Tianjin and other places, the construction climax has been formed, especially in Lujiazui Financial District, Pudong, Shanghai. High-rise steel structures built and under construction 12. The completed Shanghai Jinmao Tower (88 stories, 420.5 meters high) and the World Financial Building under construction have made China's high-rise buildings among the top in the world. Accordingly, the scientific research, design and supporting construction of high-rise steel structures have also made great progress. A large number of metal structure factories in construction, shipbuilding, metallurgy, electric power and railway systems, as well as mechanized construction companies in Shanghai, Beijing and China Construction System, have reached a high level in the manufacture and installation of steel structures.
In recent years, spatial structures represented by grids and reticulated shells have also continued to develop in large numbers. The structure has the characteristics of reasonable stress, large stiffness, light weight, single component and convenient manufacture and installation, and can meet the requirements of large span, high space and various architectural forms. Not only for general civil buildings, but also for industrial workshops, hangars, docks, stadiums, exhibition centers, etc. For example, Tianjin Seamless Steel Pipe Factory, Locomotive Depot of Capital Airport, Tianjin Gymnasium and Shanghai Gymnasium all span 70-80 meters. There are many grids or reticulated shells with a span of more than 100 meters in the dry welding shed of Yangzhou No.2 Power Plant. However, Yuxi Cigarette Factory in Yunnan has a continuous grid structure of 6,543,800+0.2 million square meters, and the spatial grid structure is varied, such as the flying butterfly reticulated shell of Yichun Stadium, the reticulated shell of Weihai Gymnasium, and the multi-layer and multi-span grid structure of Hainan Giant Buddha. It should be said that grid and reticulated shell are still the mainstream of space structure construction in China. A number of wharves, exhibition centers and stadiums began to use short pipes and round steel pipes to make space trusses, arches and cable-stayed grid structures. In addition, corrugated roofs have also attracted people's attention.
At the same time, in recent years, China's light steel structure buildings have also developed rapidly, mainly used in light industrial plants, granaries, stadiums, exhibition halls, mobile homes, storey-adding buildings, building materials, furniture and other trading markets. With foreign residential manufacturers entering China one after another, the market competition is becoming more and more fierce. Thermal insulation materials, fire-proof and anti-corrosion coatings, lighting components, doors and windows, connectors, etc., which are matched with light steel structures, have also developed rapidly, and the quality of products has been continuously improved, and the varieties and specifications basically meet the needs of light steel buildings.
Steel structure is a green product because of its light weight, good seismic performance and high degree of industrialization, and it can be widely used in residential buildings. Residential steel structure plays an important role in promoting the national economy, which is conducive to rapidly improving the degree of residential industrialization and promoting the technological innovation and industrial structure adjustment of building steel in China. In 1980s, China began to introduce foreign light steel residential buildings for development and research. Recently, the Science and Technology Department of the Ministry of Construction and the Housing Industrialization Promotion Center organized relevant units to actively promote the research and development of residential steel structures, and carried out design research and engineering pilot projects in Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Laiwu, Shandong and Changsha, Hunan.
The prospect of developing steel structure market in China is very broad, which conforms to the national policy of protecting environment and land resources. The total amount of steel products in China ranks first in the world, which provides a material basis for vigorously developing steel structures. The gap with western developed countries will make us catch up. The application of steel structure will lead to a series of revolutions in design and construction. It is believed that the wide application of steel structure in Olympic venues and large-scale engineering projects will rapidly promote the development of steel structure housing in China.