Practice time: August 200310-August 20, 2003.
Internship location: Shengrentang Village, Diaoqiaohe Village, Tiantangzhai, Luotian County, Hubei Province.
Practice purpose: Respond to the call of the CPC Central Committee to carry out the work of "going to the countryside", send agricultural science and technology knowledge to the countryside, serve the countryside, deeply understand the current situation of "agriculture, countryside and farmers" and do a good job in social practice for college students.
Instructors: Teacher Rong, Teacher Yu Jiuxia, Teacher Zhang Yongjun and Teacher Sheng Feng.
Members of the service group: Peng, Zhang, Guo, Xu Li, Yang Shan, Liu Hui and Zhang Hongbo.
Service content: 1. Investigation of local basic situation.
2. Publicize knowledge of agricultural pests and diseases and control methods.
3. Publicity of Poria cultivation techniques.
4. Publicity on the safe use of pesticides.
5. Questionnaire survey on issues related to pesticide use.
Service form: 1. Understand the local situation through governments at all levels and local farmers, and complete the social practice investigation report.
2. Use leaflets to publicize agricultural science and technology knowledge.
3. Go deep into the fields and farmers' homes to help farmers.
Activity-related reports: practical reports, on-site photos, recycling questionnaires and related written materials of the "three rural" service team of the College of Plant Science and Technology.
Two. Overview of activities
Under the call of the CPC Central Committee to carry out the work of "science, technology, culture and health going to the countryside", this activity was led by the Youth League Committee of the College of Plant Science and Technology of Huazhong Agricultural University. With the support and guidance of relevant teachers, ten students from College of Plant Science and Technology formed a service team to go to Tiantangzhai Forest Farm in Luotian County to carry out the work of "going to the countryside through science and technology" from August 6 to August 20, 2003.
This "going to the countryside" activity mainly includes three aspects: preliminary preparation, service practice and final summary. The preparatory work mainly includes determining the theme and form of the practical activities of agriculture, countryside and farmers, forming a team, mobilizing the team members' thoughts, planning in advance, making questionnaires and various leaflets on pesticide use. Service practice mainly includes understanding the local basic situation through governments at all levels, formulating corresponding service plans, publicizing agricultural pest knowledge and control methods, publicizing poria cultivation techniques, publicizing the safe use of pesticides, and conducting questionnaire surveys on issues related to pesticide use. The post-summary work includes sorting out and summarizing the information in the service practice activities, and communicating with the forum that the team members got in the "three rural" activity center.
In this "Three Rural Areas" activity, Qi Xin, the service team, made concerted efforts. The service team distributed 300 leaflets and recovered 67 valid questionnaires. In the activities, most activities are carried out under the plan, and most of the plans are effective. However, due to the limited understanding of local conditions, some projects in the plan are difficult to implement. The effect of several activities we have carried out is still quite obvious, most of which have been recognized by farmers, and the purpose of going to the countryside through science and technology has really been realized. After more than ten days of "going to the countryside" practice, the members of this group have gained a lot, which makes the knowledge they have learned useful and teaches us that any knowledge can only be valuable if it is used in practice. Finally, under the guidance of the teacher, the practice report of the "three rural" service team of the College of Plant Science and Technology was completed.
III. Contents of activities
(A), the preparatory work
1. Cooperation
Based on the purpose of "going to the countryside" activities to serve the countryside, at the beginning of the activities, we put forward a series of requirements for the members of the "going to the countryside" service team on the issue of personnel determination, as follows:
(1). Have a correct attitude, be self-motivated, join our team ideologically, and have enthusiasm for serving the countryside.
(2). Simple style, can bear hardships and stand hard work.
(3) Good mastery of professional knowledge, strong practical ability, ability to apply what they have learned and truly apply what they have learned.
(4) Have team spirit and group consciousness, obey the organization arrangement, and actively complete the tasks assigned by the organization.
Through strict control and the advice of the instructor, we selected a group of outstanding players and formed a cohesive group of the "three rural" service team, which laid the foundation for the completion of our activities.
2. Mobilize ideas and make a preliminary plan.
"Going to the countryside" is a plan put forward by the CPC Central Committee to solve the shortage of knowledge and talents in rural areas. Its implementation is not only embodied in concrete actions, but also in ideas, and the latter is the source of the former. Only by understanding "agriculture, countryside and farmers" and its significance from the ideological height can we truly "agriculture, countryside and farmers". In view of this, we have carried out various forms of ideological education and mobilization for all the players.
First of all, we launched a "going to the countryside" ideological study class and invited political counselors to teach, so that everyone can fully understand the relevant knowledge. After class, we had another discussion. At the seminar, everyone talked about their understanding of "going to the countryside" and showed how they would accomplish this firm task with practical actions. Through this series of learning activities, everyone's thoughts have been significantly improved.
Due to the limited knowledge of the local specific situation in advance, in order to make the activity go smoothly and not fall into a passive situation in the future, the team members entered the preparatory stage of the activity after ideological study, learned about the local situation through various channels, and made a preliminary plan. The plan mainly includes rural basic situation survey, rural tax and fee reform survey, completion of relevant questionnaire survey, agricultural pest knowledge propaganda and poria cultivation technology propaganda.
3. Make questionnaires and leaflets
(1). After listening to many rural students' suggestions and reading relevant materials (mainly books on pesticides), a questionnaire on pesticide use was preliminarily drawn up according to related topics, with *** 15 multiple-choice questions and 4 questions and answers.
(2) Make a leaflet on poria cultivation techniques, 1 book 1 book *** 100.
(3) Make a leaflet on the safe use of pesticides, 1 copy, and 2 copies *** 100.
(4) Make a leaflet 1 book *** 1 book about agricultural pests and diseases.
(B), the content of practical services
1. Understand the local basic situation through governments at all levels and make appropriate service plans.
(1) The main difficulties faced by farmers' lives
The main targets of this activity are Diaoqiaohe Village and Shengrentang Village in Tiantangzhai Forest Farm, Luotian County, Hubei Province. The two villages are located in the northeast of Tiantangzhai Scenic Area in Luotian County. The village of Diaoqiaohe in the east has a population of 450, with 109 households. It belongs to an underdeveloped area, with a poverty rate of over 70% and an annual per capita income of only 600 in 500 yuan, Shengrentang Village in the north. *** 160 households, located along the scenic highway, within the development scope of the tourist area. Although farmers still rely on agriculture as their main source of income, the income from tourism, early assistance measures and the rapid development of aquaculture in recent years have basically enabled them to reach the level of food and clothing and gradually move towards a well-off society. Per capita annual income of agricultural production in 600 yuan. In agricultural cultivation, rice and wheat are the main crops in the village. Because it is located in the mountainous area and limited by climatic conditions, it is basically not suitable for planting the most common cash crop chestnut in Luotian area. In the development of cash crops, another important source of income for the two villages is to cut down 140- 150 square meters of trees within the scope permitted by the state every year. After understanding the basic situation of these two villages, we investigated the actual situation in this area from three main aspects.
(1) farmers' living problems,
The agricultural production in the two villages basically depends on the weather, and the per capita income of agricultural production is low. The family economy in Diaoqiaohe Village is almost blank. A few villagers use their leisure time to collect natural medicinal materials in the mountains, and there are more than 70 poor families. Several relatively wealthy families are also traveling or working outside, and their main income is agricultural production. Shengrentang village has a prominent family economy, mainly raising cattle, and some farmers also raise silkworms. The cultivation of edible fungi in the family is mainly based on.
2 education.
In education, there are no village-level primary schools in the two villages. In order to develop the tourist accommodation area of Tiantangzhai, Tiantangzhai was demolished this year. Students study in Baimiao River and Jiuzi River 20 miles away. Nine-year compulsory education is basically universal in the village. Due to a series of assistance measures taken by the state for education in poor areas this year, tuition fees have been reduced. Take middle school as an example. It used to be 300 yuan/person * semester, but now it has dropped to 160 yuan/person * semester. But there is no college student in Diaoqiaohe Village, and there are only 65,000 college students in Shengrentang Village.
③ Rural medical care.
In recent years, due to the activities of "going to the countryside" and the improvement of public health awareness, both villages have now established their own village-level clinics with one or two medical staff, which can basically solve some common diseases of villagers. But in general, the medical facilities are poor and the level of medical personnel is limited. When a serious illness occurs, you must go to a town-level hospital about 30 miles away.
(2) Reform of rural taxes and fees
The reform of rural taxes and fees is another major change in China's rural areas after the land reform of household contract responsibility system, and it is an important decision made by the State Council of the CPC Central Committee to strengthen agricultural infrastructure, protect farmers' interests and maintain rural stability. Tax and fee reform is not only conducive to standardizing the rural tax and fee system, fundamentally reducing the burden on farmers, protecting rural productive forces and promoting the construction of rural grassroots democratic politics. In this activity of going to the countryside, we also made a preliminary investigation on the reform of rural taxes and fees. While the reform of taxes and fees is being carried out in rural areas all over the country, the Luotian county government has also invested a lot of energy in this work. Taking Diaoqiaohe Village and Shengrentang Village as examples, the village committees in both villages have solved the problem of financial support personnel within the system. The village committee of Diaoqiaohe Village consists of four people, namely a village head, an account book, two accountants and an office, and the village committee of Shengrentang Village consists of seven people, except the village head secretary and three accountants.
The current tax and fee system is an important basis for farmers to pay taxes. Through interviews with farmers, we know that under the propaganda of the village Committee, farmers really feel the benefits brought by the tax and fee reform. Now the land tax has been reduced from 70 yuan/mu to 58 yuan/mu, and many taxes and fees for farmers have been cancelled. Public welfare undertakings such as water conservancy, road construction, afforestation and collective production have also adopted the method of "one thing, one discussion", education tuition fees have also been significantly reduced, farmers' burden has been significantly reduced, and the relationship between cadres and the masses has also been significantly improved.
(3) The main reasons that restrict the economic development in this region.
In the activity of "going to the countryside", our service team analyzed the main reasons that restricted the economic development in this area through understanding the governments at all levels and local farmers, and summarized and sorted them out:
Limited by geographical and climatic conditions, Diaoqiaohe Village and Shengrentang Village are located in the high mountainous areas north of Luotian Line, with many mountainous areas and high altitude, which belong to subtropical monsoon climate. Although it is a first-class light energy area with abundant sunshine, the utilization rate of light energy is low. 65438+1October, the average temperature in Leng Yue is 3-6℃, and the hottest month is 28.4℃. The main natural disasters are drought and low temperature. Due to climatic reasons, it is basically not suitable for large-scale planting of chestnut, and the number of economic crops that can be developed is limited. The output of agricultural products is not too high, and the inconvenient transportation brings inconvenience to the output of agricultural products and farmers' travel.
Restricted by scientific and technological information and talents, Diaoqiaohe Village and Shengrentang Village are located in mountainous areas, and the traffic is inconvenient, resulting in relatively blocked information. Now TV has been popularized in both villages, and eight satellite TV stations can be received with receivers. Due to the development of tourism, program-controlled telephones have been installed in both villages, including 5 telephones in Diaoqiaohe Village and 10 telephones in Shengrentang Village. The information with the outside world is ineffective, which directly leads to the blind development of farmers' family economy and seriously affects farmers' enthusiasm for production. Planting information is mainly obtained by edible fungi cultivation technicians and plant protection technicians. Family edible fungi cultivation in Shengrentang Village can basically be said as "Grandpa can plant, grandson can plant; The technical problem has become the main reason why the method of getting rich cannot be popularized. Since both villages are under Tiantangzhai Forest Farm, there are no plant protection stations and no plant protection talents in the village. If farmers ask questions about crop pests and pesticides, they should go to Jiuzihe Agricultural Technology Station.
The cancellation of the national aid policy Luotian County is located in the old revolutionary base area of Dabie Mountain. It turned out to be a national poverty-stricken county, and the state has a policy of assistance. However, after 1996, the state no longer set up financial working capital for poverty alleviation.
(4) Make corresponding service plans
According to the three aspects of the above investigation, our service team has made a corresponding service plan and divided this service into three parts:
(1) Publicity activities on crop pest control knowledge, mainly rice;
(2) Publicity activities on basic knowledge of pesticides and safe use of pesticides;
③ Publicity activities on cultivation techniques of edible fungus Poria cocos;
2, send science and technology to the countryside related agricultural knowledge publicity activities
Common pests and their control measures
The propaganda of crop diseases and insect pests and their control methods is mainly aimed at rice and wheat, the two most important agricultural cash crops and the common diseases and insect pests in this area. We distributed leaflets and went directly to the fields to help farmers. All members of the "Three Rural Issues" team distributed leaflets *** 100 to Diaoqiaohe Village and Shengrentang Village, and the main diseases and insect pests publicized were Chilo suppressalis, Chilo suppressalis, rice planthopper, wheat downy mildew, powdery mildew and rust. At the same time, team members also went deep into the fields. Discussing the occurrence and prevention methods of crop diseases and insect pests with farmers was welcomed and praised by farmers in the whole activity. Farmers said that this knowledge of plant protection is what farmers need and has brought great benefits to their production and life.
Publicity of cultivation techniques of Poria cocos
The propaganda of poria cultivation techniques is mainly carried out in Shengrentang Village. Our "three rural" service team visited 27 farmers who planted Poria cocos in Shengrentang village, distributed leaflets on Poria cocos cultivation techniques to them, collected the difficulties encountered by farmers in the cultivation, processing and sales of Poria cocos, and also presented some simple strain cultivation tools such as test tubes and PH test papers to Lingnong. The publicity activities of Diaoqiaohe Village mainly focus on technical publicity, encouraging farmers to develop family economy and grow edible fungi such as Poria cocos. In this activity, we distributed 100 leaflets, including 35 in Shengrentang Village and 65 in Diaoqiaohe Village. Because the planting methods of Lingnong in this area are primitive, there are many unscientific ones. In this activity of going to the countryside, the technology of edible fungi going to the countryside was highly praised by local poria farmers.
Safe use of pesticides
Combined with the questionnaire survey of pesticide knowledge, the publicity of basic pesticide knowledge and safe use was carried out. Farmers generally report that the quality of pesticides is getting worse and worse, and the effect of drug use is not good. We have made some publicity on biological pesticides, compound pesticides and the low toxicity of pesticides at present, and answered farmers' doubts about pesticide quality. In view of farmers' low awareness of the safety of pesticide use, we have also done some publicity work on the safe use of pesticides, such as dilution method and the safety of pesticide sprayers, which have also been widely praised by farmers. This publicity distributed leaflets 100, 50 in Diaoqiaohe Village and 50 in Shengrentang Village.
3. Statistical results and analysis of the questionnaire.
Questionnaire analysis:
Topic 1: reflecting farmers' understanding of pesticides;
(1). Understanding method: Question 1, of which "agricultural technology stations" account for 46.6%, accounting for the majority, and "television or broadcasting" accounts for 18%, only a few. From these data, it can be seen that farmers' understanding of pesticides is very limited (because the agricultural technology station is not a formal place to provide pesticide knowledge, but a business organization). Q&ANo. 1 (knowledge of pests and diseases and how to use pesticides), most people still have some understanding of pests and diseases. It is generally believed that diseases are mainly caused by leaves turning yellow, dying or rotting, and pests are mainly caused by holes in leaves or tooth marks eaten by insects. But they generally don't know how to prescribe the right medicine, because they don't know what disease or pest it is. It can be seen that knowledge in this field is urgently needed in rural areas, and farmers need science and technology to go to the countryside to help them control pests and diseases.
Topic 2: Reflect farmers' understanding of the role of pesticides and their control effects.
Understanding of the role of pesticides: Question 2: Almost 100% people think that pesticides are very important for the bumper harvest of crops.
Understanding of control effect: Question 3, about 73.4% people think that the effect of pesticides is not lasting, and it is not very effective after a long time. This shows that farmers have subconsciously realized the drug resistance of pests; Question 7: About 42% people change their medicine when the pesticides used are ineffective, and about 32% people will increase their dosage, which reflects that some farmers are still based on subjective consciousness rather than scientific basis on how to prevent and control pests and diseases; Question 10, about 5 1.6% of people spend less money on pesticides per mu than 30 yuan, about 29.7% spend 30-50 yuan, and few people spend more than 50 yuan, about 18.8%, which reflects that only about 20% people attach great importance to the role of pesticides, while others.
Topic 3: Reflect farmers' understanding of pesticide types.
Understanding of pesticide types: Question 8, this question is multiple choice. Now most people want to use highly toxic pesticides, but it is difficult to buy them. Most of them use dimethoate, roundup, chlordimeform and other pesticides, and of course some of them use highly toxic pesticides. Question 12 mainly concerns farmers' views on natural enemy insects. Most people think pesticide is better, but they also show some interest in it. Question 13 involves transgenic disease-resistant crops, and about 79% people want to try some of them, which reflects that farmers still welcome new technologies, but at the same time they are blind and do not consider their risks.
Topic 4: Reflect farmers' understanding of the side effects of pesticides.
Question 5: About 88.8% people think that the more pesticides are used, the better, which reflects that farmers are still aware of the side effects of pesticides. In the question 1 1, 69.8% people think that pesticides have an impact on people and animals around them, and 22.2% people think that the impact is very great. It seems that farmers are affected by the side effects of pesticides in their daily use.
Topic 5: Reflection on how farmers use pesticides.
Question 4 and question 2, from the answers to these two questions, we can see that most farmers are unscientific when using pesticides, and the effect is not the best.
To sum up, the local villagers don't know much about pesticides, most of them don't know about pests and diseases, they know very little about the types of pesticides, the control effect of pesticides is not very clear, and they lack understanding of the side effects of pesticides. This shows that farmers in mountainous areas urgently need knowledge and technical support in this area, which is also the responsibility of our contemporary youth.
(3), the later work
After returning to school, the team members began to summarize and sort out all kinds of information in the activities. During the nearly one week from August 1 1 to August 16, team member Zhang made some statistics on the relevant data after finishing the questionnaire on pesticide use, and analyzed the problems reflected in the questionnaire and the actual situation through five special topics. According to the actual situation in the local area, Cui Dawei completed the paper "Investigation on the Implementation of Tax and Fee Reform in Dabie Mountain Area" under the guidance of relevant teachers through online materials and related books in the library. The rest of the team members also summed up their feelings during the "Three Rural Areas" and began to write the "Investigation Report on the Social Practice of" Three Rural Areas "in the College of Plant Science and Technology", and compiled other pictures and written materials.
At 9: 00 pm on August 14, all members of the "Three Rural Issues" team gathered in the activity room of Building 18 to hold a symposium on "Three Rural Issues" experience. At the symposium, all members spoke freely and exchanged their feelings and gains in the process of "agriculture, rural areas and farmers". Through this symposium, the team members expressed their deeper understanding of the activities of "going to the countryside".
Fourth, the effectiveness analysis
In order to better analyze the effects of agriculture, rural areas and farmers, we set the following evaluation criteria:
1. The plan of the whole activity
Before carrying out this activity, we made a fairly complete plan. In the process of carrying out activities, it can be said that most activities are carried out under the plan, and most of the plans have strong effectiveness. However, due to the inaccurate estimation of their own conditions, some projects are difficult to implement in the plan, such as the agricultural insect knowledge exhibition.
2. Actual effect of the activities carried out
Judging from the several activities we have carried out, the effect is quite obvious, and most of them have been recognized by farmers, especially the promotion of pesticide use and edible fungi cultivation technology, which has been well received by farmers and achieved good practical results, and other items have also achieved good results.
3. Farmers' acceptance of this activity
In order to let farmers fully accept the knowledge and technology we brought, we adopted the trinity of mouth, hand and brain, so that farmers not only realized why they should do this, but also realized why they should do it, and truly achieved the goal of going to the countryside through science and technology. From the final result, we basically achieved this.
4. Team members' gains
After ten days of "going to the countryside" practice, although the mountain conditions are difficult, the team members did not shrink back in the face of difficulties and actively faced and overcome various problems. At the symposium, the team members said that they had gained a lot. In the process of making leaflets, the team members searched for all kinds of information in a large area, collected a lot of information, consulted professional teachers, and armed themselves with professional knowledge first. I usually study theoretical knowledge at school and never put what I have learned into practice. This practical activity has taught us something useful and any knowledge is valuable only when it is used in practice. In the process of serving the countryside, we have once again deepened our understanding of the "three rural issues", and with a passion for serving farmers in agriculture and rural areas, we have learned the actual problems in the countryside and strengthened our enthusiasm for learning professional knowledge.
5. Complete the investigation report
In order to better complete this survey report, we specially selected several members who are good at writing and summarizing from this practice team. They counted the first-hand information we got, consulted many books and consulted many teachers. After nearly a week of sleepless nights, they finally finished this paper.
Summary:
After more than ten days of service activities in the three rural areas, recalling the practical activities we have experienced, we feel that the three rural areas are generally successful, but there are also many lessons. Success is mainly reflected in the following aspects.
1 The service point we choose is typical. First of all, it is located in a poverty-stricken area on the Dabie Mountain, and it is also a region that is very short of knowledge and in urgent need of knowledge, that is to say, it needs to go to the countryside; Secondly, this is a tourism development zone, which is facing an excellent development opportunity, which also invisibly increases the value of our agriculture, countryside and farmers; Finally, here, some places have developed for a while, while others have not. The situation in these two places is completely different, which laid a good foundation for our future investigation.
Several activities we have carried out are closely integrated with rural areas, which are more in line with farmers' tastes. Therefore, in the process of activities, we are more easily accepted by farmers, which is the key condition for the smooth progress of our service activities.
Members who join our team are strictly screened. They not only have high professional skills, but also have high ideological quality and can bear hardships and stand hard work, which is the essence of the smooth progress of this activity.
As for the poor work, there are mainly the following points. First, it is reflected in the preliminary plan of this activity. Because we don't fully understand all the situation and overestimate our own strength, some activities can't be carried out as planned, which also brings some passivity to our work and affects the smooth development of the whole practical activities. Secondly, it is reflected in the fact that the overall depth of this activity is not enough, and most of the work can only stay at a shallow level without going deep. Of course, there are some objective reasons for this, that is, our knowledge is not enough, but another main reason is that we have not prepared enough information, so that there is no evidence to check when we get cold feet.
Having experience and lessons is a complete practice in the true sense. In any case, this is a very beneficial activity, which allows us to learn more theoretical knowledge in school and apply it to practice in the future, so as to make greater contributions to society in the future! Although the activity of "going to the countryside" has been successfully concluded, there is still a long way to go. The work of "going to the countryside" will continue as always and become a special channel for college students, especially those in agricultural colleges, to learn Theory of Three Represents theory and professional knowledge in practice.
References:
Summary of "Three Rural Areas" Activities in College of Plant Science and Technology