Madame Curie's message

Madame Curie, Marie Curie, was a French scientist originally from Poland. She and her husband, pierre curie, were both early radioactive researchers. They discovered the radioactive elements polonium and radium, so they worked with the French physicist Henry. Becquerel shared the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics. Later, Madame Curie continued to study the application of radium in chemistry and medicine, and won the 19 1 1 Nobel Prize in chemistry for separating pure metal radium.

Madame Curie's maiden name is Manya. Scaro Doska (in Polish, Manya Sklodowska) was born in Warsaw, Poland, on June 7, 2008 at 1867 165438, when Poland was under Russian rule. Manya's parents were both teachers, and soon after her birth (she was their fifth child), they lost their teaching posts. To make ends meet, they packed some students' meals. To this end, young Manya had to help cook and work long hours every day. However, she still won the excellent medal for middle school students. After graduating from middle school, she became a tutor. 189 1 year, she went to Paris and entered the University of Paris to study physics and mathematics. When she graduated, she ranked first in her class. 1894 She and French physicist Pierre. Curie met and they got married the next year.

Since 1896, the curies have studied radioactivity together. Prior to this, German physicist wilhelm rontgen 1845- 1923 discovered X-rays (so he won the Nobel Prize in Physics with 190 1), and becquerel discovered that uranium salts emit similar rays. Madame Curie found that thorium (Th) is also radioactive, and the radioactivity of pitchblende is stronger than any content of uranium and thorium, which cannot be explained. The curies searched hard and finally announced the discovery of radioactive element radium in 1898. They finally produced 1g pure radium chloride from 8 tons of waste pitchblende, and put forward the view that-ray (now known to be composed of electrons) is a negatively charged particle.

1906 pierre. Unfortunately, Madame Curie was killed by a carriage, but Madame Curie did not fall down because of it. She went on with her research. In 19 10, she discovered actinide Ac(Andre Debierne, 1874- 1949) from pitchblende.

19 14 When World War I broke out, Madame Curie equipped an ambulance with X-ray equipment and drove to the front. The International Red Cross appointed her as the head of the radiation rescue department. With the help of her daughters Irene Curie and Martha Klein, Madame Curie opened a course at the Radium Institute for nurses and doctors in military hospitals, teaching them how to use the new technology of X-rays. In the late 1920s, Madame Curie's health began to deteriorate. Long-term radiation exposure made her suffer from leukemia, and finally1died on July 4, 934. A few months before this, her daughter Elon and her son-in-law Joliot-Curie announced the discovery of artificial radioactivity (for which they won the 1935 Nobel Prize in chemistry).

Madame Curie was poor for most of her life, and the arduous process of extracting radium was completed under harsh conditions. The Curies refused to patent any of their discoveries, so that everyone could use their discoveries freely. They used the Nobel Prize and its prize money for future research. One of the outstanding applications of their research work is the application of radiation to treat cancer.

Madame Curie was a great physicist. She was born in Poland, and her real name is Mary. Because she married a young French scholar pierre curie, she was later called Madame Curie. She and her husband discovered and confirmed the existence of radium. Next, we will tell you how the Curies discovered radium, a mysterious substance.

1898, French physicist AntoineHenriBecquerel discovered that uranium-containing substances can emit a mysterious ray, but failed to reveal the mystery of this ray. Mary and her husband Pierrecurie)*** * * undertook the work of studying this kind of radiation. They separated and analyzed pitchblende under extremely difficult conditions, and finally found two new elements in July 1898 and February 12.

To commemorate her native Poland, she named one element polonium and the other element radium, which means "radioactive substance". In order to prepare pure radium compounds, it took Madame Curie another four years (MarieCuI7e, 1867- 1934) to extract1o0mg of radium chloride from several tons of pitchblende residue, and the relative atomic mass of radium was preliminarily determined to be 225. This simple figure embodies the hard work and sweat of the Curie couple.

1In June, 903, Madame Curie took "Research on Radioactive Substances" as her doctoral thesis and obtained a doctorate in physics from the University of Paris. In June165438+1October of the same year, the Curies were awarded the David Gold Medal by the Royal Society. In February 65438, together with Bekkerel, they won the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics.

1906, pierre curie died in a car accident. This heavy blow did not make her give up her persistent pursuit. She fought back her grief and redoubled her efforts to complete their beloved scientific career. She continued her husband's lecture at the University of Paris and became the first female professor at the university. 19 10, her famous book on radioactivity was published. She cooperated with Mou and others to analyze pure metal radium and measure its properties. She also measured the half-lives of oxygen and other elements and published a series of important works on radioactivity. In view of the above great achievements, she won the Nobel Prize in chemistry at 19 1 1, becoming the first great scientist to win the Nobel Prize twice in history.

The founder of radiation science, who suffered from scientific hardships, died unfortunately on July 4, 1934 on/kloc-0 because of years of efforts. She devoted her glorious life to the scientific cause of mankind.

Second, the story of discovering "radium"

Before the Curie couple discovered radium, people only knew that there was a rare metal called uranium, which could emit penetrating rays, that is, X-rays. When Madame Curie knew the news, she immediately thought that there might be other radioactive substances similar to uranium. To confirm this conjecture, they began to do experiments.

The Curies have a small laboratory transformed from a storage room. There is no floor in this laboratory. It's cold in winter and hot in summer. There is only a stove with a broken chimney, four stools with uneven length and a worn blackboard in the room. They started their hard work in this laboratory.

Mary observed a pitchblende with an instrument, and she thought it contained another element with strong radioactivity, which was a new element that people had not yet discovered. She and her husband decided to find out this element. They first called this new element "radium". In order to prove the existence of radium, we must extract radium from pitchblende. In order to save money, they did not buy expensive pitchblende, but only bought a large number of pitchblende residues refined from uranium. There is special refining equipment in the yard, but it is hot in summer and hard in winter. When it rains heavily, two people have to scramble to move the machine into the house.

Mary and her husband devote themselves to their work. They wear work clothes covered with dust and various liquids every day, guarding the boiling minerals in the pot and constantly stirring with iron bars in their hands. Soot and toxic gases irritate their eyes and throats, making them very uncomfortable. This kind of work is hard and monotonous, and in this way, one year, two years and three years continue, and radium still does not appear.

Because it was too hard, my husband wanted to stop working for a while, but Madame Curie said, "No, I will never give up. I believe we will succeed! " "They imagine that radium will have beautiful colors. When they are tired from work, they will sit together and talk about radium, a new element, which makes them excited and excited.

Finally, one day, the radium that Mary and Pierre had been thinking about for a long time appeared.

That night, they came home and couldn't sleep alone. Madame Curie felt particularly uneasy, so she stood up and took her husband and said, "Come on, shall we go there?"

"There" is their laboratory. They hurried to the laboratory in the moonlight, as if they heard radium calling them gently.

The couple walked along the street, past factories and open spaces, past a residential area, and finally walked into their small laboratory.

When the door opened, Mary said softly, "Honey, don't light the lamp!" " Don't we want radium to have beautiful colors? "Pierre nodded." Well, let's see. "

The room is dark. In the darkness, there is a blue light flashing like a flame. It jumps in the dark, like a firefly at night. Mary looked at the beautiful blue light and squeezed Pierre's hand excitedly. She knew that they had succeeded. The beautiful light came from the mysterious element radium.

Four years later, the Curies overcame difficulties and proved the existence of radium. Many scientists didn't believe in radium at first, but now they have to admit it in the face of facts. They expressed their admiration for the curies? What's the matter? ネ? The ground is stable.

Hey? Bye-bye? What's the matter with you? ネ

い? Irony? Indica？ A stable? Violence? I'm scared.

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What's the point? Hey hey hey? Faxian

Angry?

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