It can be seen that Miyagi is 2830.3 meters wide from east to west and 1492.438+0 meters long from north to south. Among them, Ye Ting Palace is wider. 702.5 meters, Tai Chi Palace width 1285 meters, East Palace width 832.3 meters. It is a rectangle with long east and short north and south. The northern wall of Miyagi is a part of the northern wall of Waiguo City, while the western wall is in line with the western wall of Xi 'an City, and its southern section is suppressed by the northern section of the western wall of Xi 'an City. The south wall is 80 meters south of Anxi Fifth Road today, and today's "West Wutai" is on the south wall of Gongcheng. The location of the East Wall is at the western end of the Revolutionary Park in Xi City today, crossing Shang Ping Road to the north. Miyagi faces the Imperial City across the street in the south, the ‘Xi' Garden in the north, Xing 'anmen Street outside the east wall and Fanglinmen Street outside the west wall. The length of the northern and southern palace walls of Taiji Palace, Dongfang Palace and Yetingguan in Miyagi is "consistent", that is, the length of the northern and southern palace walls is the same. The wall of Miyagi is rammed earth, with a height of 30ft and 5ft (10.3m). The width of the wall base is generally about18m, and only the width of the east wall exceeds14m. This is 10 foot (5. 3 meters), the wall base is 9 meters wide-12 meters, and it is built more firmly and tall. Ten palace gates
Taiji Palace has ten doors in the east, west, south and north. There are five gates in the south of Miyagi, with Chengtian Gate in the middle, Changle Gate in the east and Yongchun Gate in the second east. To the west of Chengtianmen is Guangyun Gate, followed by Yong 'an Gate. There are two doors in the west and north, Jiayu Gate and Tongming Gate in the west, which are also the east gate of Yeting Palace. There are Xuanwu Gate and Anlimen in the north; There is only one gate leading to the East Palace, called Tongxun Gate, which is the west gate of the East Palace.
There are still four doors in the north and south of the East Palace, and three doors in the south, namely Guangyun Gate, Zhongming Gate and Yongchun Gate. There is a door named Xuande Gate in the north.
Yeting Palace only opens the east and west gates, but not the north and south gates, because the ladies-in-waiting live there. Simon is only called Simon, and there is no other name. Main entrance-Chengtianmen Among all these gates, the most important one is Chengtianmen in the middle of the south wall.
The gate address of Chengtianmen is in the west of the south bank of Lianhu Park today. According to 1963 Archaeological Summary of Chang 'an City in Tang Dynasty published by Xi 'an Tang Cheng Excavation Team, Institute of Archaeology, China Academy of Sciences, most of the city gate foundation sites have been excavated and destroyed. According to archaeological investigation, the remaining part of the east and west is still 4 1.7 meters long, and three roads have been discovered. The middle entrance is 8.5 meters wide, the west entrance is 6.2 meters wide, the east entrance is 6.4 meters wide, and the entrance depth is 19 meters. There are stone strips and slabs under the door, and the building is extremely strong. As the east side of the gate site has been destroyed, I wonder if there is a doorway leading to the east. After the archaeological excavation,
There is a tall architectural landscape on the door, with east and west courtyards on the left and right, a palace square with a width of 300 steps in front of the door, and a north-south straight street with a width of about 150 meters to the south of Zhuquemen and Mingdemen. Location is very important. Chengtianmen is the main entrance of Taiji Palace and the place where feudal emperors held "going abroad" ceremonies. Such as New Year's Day and winter solstice, banquets and Chen Le are held here. The imperial court pardoned, or removed the old cloth, or collected tributes from various countries, and the guests from all over the world, the emperor also obeyed the Tianmen. For example, Emperor Taizong recorded that Li Zhi was the Crown Prince, Zong Rui was the emperor, and Xuanzong wrote an alliance for the Tibetan Prime Minister Shang Qinzang, and so on, all of which were held here. Chengtiangatehouse is also the place where the emperor fetes ministers. In the second year of his life (7 13), in September, Xuanzong hosted a banquet in Chengtianmen to entertain hundreds of princes, and scattered money downstairs for hundreds of officials to compete for. The North Gate-the North Gate of Xuanwu Gate Taiji Palace, also occupied a dominant position at that time with its important political and military status. Located on the slope of Longshou, it has a high terrain overlooking Miyagi and is an important gateway to the northern part of Miyagi. On June 4th, the 9th year of Tang Wude (626), the "Xuanwumen Rebellion" took place here. Li Shimin, king of Qin, killed Prince Li and Li Yuanji, king of Qi. In the twelfth year of Zhenguan (638), Emperor Taizong ordered a camp around Xuanwu Gate, and the general Wei led the troops. After that, the name of the soldier flew, and then it continued to expand, from hundred riding, thousand riding to ten thousand riding. In the first year of Wu Zetian's hanging arch, it was changed to the left and right feather guards. Therefore, it became the stronghold of the central imperial army and the source of all previous palace coups. In the first year of Shenlong, three court coups took place here, namely, Zhang Jian's extermination of Zhang Yizhi Brothers, Jinglong's third year (709), Prince Li Zhongjun's extermination of 534, and Tang Long's first year (765,438+00), which were closely related to the layout of Yulin Army and the struggle for the main force of the imperial army. Of course, when it is calm, it is also an important place for the emperor to hold a feast, sing and dance.
In the 14th year of Zhenguan (640), Emperor Taizong once gave a banquet in Xuanwumen, and invited his ministers and Heyuan King to "play the music of advocating excellent plays". In February of the third year of Tang Zhongzong Jinglong (709), it was ugly. Zhongzong went to Xuanwu Gate to watch the maid-in-waiting tug-of-war as a play, and "sent the maid-in-waiting to be the shopkeeper and sell all kinds of things, so that Zaichen and Gongqing merchants could trade with them, arguing because of anger and arrogant words." From above and behind, I think it's fun to laugh. "The layout of Taiji Palace is also very particular, and it is strictly implemented in accordance with the principles of ancient palace architecture. The main buildings in the palace adopt the principle of "facing the front and sleeping at the back", and the palace is divided into two parts, namely, the front and rear courtyard and the inner courtyard, with the walls of Zhumingmen, Zhangsumen and Hua Qian as the boundaries. Zhu Mingmen and Qian Huamen belong to the "former dynasty" outside and the "inner dynasty" inside. The "former dynasty" part is arranged according to Zhou Li's "three dynasties system". Outside the court-Chengtianmen Chengtianmen and the East and West Halls are all outside the court, which is "the place to hold ceremonies and ask people"; China and Korea-Taiji Hall is China and Korea, and it is the place where the emperor mainly listens to politics and watches the DPRK. On the first day (the first day) and the fifteenth day, the emperor received the minister in this hall and looked at the DPRK. In addition, when the emperor ascended the throne, the ceremony of conferring the queen, prince, king and princess and the banquet for tribute envoys were also held here. After Emperor Gaozong, the emperors moved to Daming Palace and Xingqing Palace. However, every time there is a big gift such as acceded to the throne or funeral, such as Dezong, Shunzong, Xianzong and Jing Zong acceded to the throne, the funeral of Daizong and Dezong still moved to this hall, which is the most famous among the halls in Chang 'an Sannei. In order to handle affairs conveniently, there is a door introspection, a macro-text museum and a history museum on the east side of Taiji Hall, and there is a Chinese book introspection and a Scheeren's courtyard on the west side, which is the place where the prime minister and the emperor's cronies work to prevent the emperor from consulting at any time and writing documents and imperial edicts according to the emperor's will; The Imperial Palace-The Hall of Two Instruments in the Imperial Palace is the Imperial Palace, where emperors and clansmen get together for discussion and receive doctors. Because the two halls are forbidden to enter, only a few ministers can personally discuss state affairs with the emperor, so their manners are more casual. It is also often the place where Emperor Taizong feted ministers and tribute envoys. Emperor Taizong has hosted banquets for officials with more than five items in this hall many times, which is the second hall of Taiji Palace.
On the east side of Liangyi Hall, there is Wanchun Hall, and on the west side, there is a rich ball hall. Behind other Tai Chi halls is Zhu Mingmen, and to the north are two instrument doors. The cross street between Zhu Mingmen and two instrument doors is the dividing line between the court and the bedroom.
The sleeping area is divided into two rows of palaces by a horizontal street (Yongxiang). Because this part is the sleeping palace, the defense is relatively strict. Yongxiang added four horizontal gates: Donghengmen, Xihengmen, Rihuamen and Yuehuamen. To the south of Yongxiang is the living area of the emperor, that is, the "emperor's bedroom", and the living area of the queen's concubine of Yongxiang Beisi, that is, the "back bedroom", is absolutely forbidden for foreign ministers to enter. In the middle of the front row is the building of Liang Yi Guild Hall to the north of Hengjie, and in the middle is Ganlu Gate, which is the sleeping hall Ganlu Hall. There are Dragon Hall and Anren Hall around Ganlu Hall, and then there are Daji Hall, Baifu Hall and Chengqing Hall on both sides, each with its own courtyard.
To the north of the sleeping area is Hou Yuan. There are several large ponds in the middle and west of the garden, which are called East, West and South China Sea. There are some gardens around Sanchi, a group of mountain ponds in the northwest corner, and buildings such as Qianbulang. There are a series of pavilions in the east, such as Lingyan Pavilion, Chengong Pavilion, Ziyun Pavilion and Ningyun Pavilion. The inner wall of Lingyan Pavilion is painted with a portrait of the hero of Taizong to express the memory of the founding heroes.
The overall layout of the whole palace is still consistent with that of Chang 'an City. The main buildings stand out from the central axis. Chengtianmen, Taiji Hall and Liangyi Hall are arranged in the north and south, in the middle of the whole palace, and other halls and pavilions are distributed on both sides, which are symmetrical. This highlights the important position of these temples symbolizing the rule of feudal imperial power from the architectural layout. East and west sides of Taiji Palace are East Palace and Ye Ting Palace respectively. These two palaces are smaller in area than Taiji Palace, and they are vertical rectangular buildings, which were built in the early Sui Dynasty. Yeting Palace Yeting Palace is the place where maids live, and women with criminal bureaucratic families work with no one. It is roughly divided into three areas, the middle of which is the residential area for ladies-in-waiting, and it also includes the places where women in criminal bureaucratic families are not working. Taicang is in the north of Ye Ting Palace, and the Ministry of Internal Affairs is located in the southwest. The Office of the Interior is a eunuch institution, and the so-called "Office of the Interior, Xuan Zhi" q) is in charge of all major events and minor affairs in the palace. 1May, 978, a monument to the Tang Dynasty's rebuilding of the Office of the Interior was found 240 meters away from the Anxi Wall in the west of Ancheng City, which proved to be the Office of the Interior. The East Palace is the residence of the Prince, also known as the Spring Palace and the Storage Palace. From the Sui Dynasty to the present, the former prince, the later prince and Taizong prince Li Zhi all lived here. Since Xuanzong, the Crown Prince has been "fortunate to be in the farewell hospital" and often lives in the palace with his father. Mingde Hall The main palace of the East Palace is Mingde Hall. The Sui Dynasty called Jiade Hall, and in the early Tang Dynasty it was renamed Xiande Hall. Later, because the Chinese emperor Li Xian lived in the East Palace as a prince, he avoided his name and changed his name to Mingdetang. It is the first hall in the East Palace, where the Crown Prince receives ministers and holds important political activities. On August 9th, the 9th year of Wude (626), after the abdication of Emperor gaozu Li Yuan, Prince Li Shimin ascended the throne here. At that time, Emperor Taizong listened to politics in this temple. It was not until the third year of Zhenguan (629) in April that Tang Gaozu moved from Taiji Palace to Da 'an Palace, and Emperor Taizong Li Shimin listened to politics in Taiji Palace. In addition, the Chongwen Pavilion in the East Palace is also a very important political hall. Built in the 13th year of Emperor Taizong's Zhenguan (639), it was originally the place where the Crown Prince studied. In the Tang Dynasty, a "Bachelor of Chongxian Pavilion" was established here. Chongwen Pavilion was also an aristocratic school in the Tang Dynasty. The Tang system stipulates: "There are 20 students in Chongwen Pavilion, including relatives above the royal family, relatives above the empress dowager, prime ministers, scattered officials, well-fed and sealed, and the official position of Beijing official is the son of three assistant ministers." In addition, Chongwen Pavilion is also a place for sorting out palace secrets, and it is a large royal library.