Whether the classic collection is rich or not is directly related to the rise and fall of an era culture. The collection status is a mirror, reflecting the cultural level and social fashion of this era. Song dynasty, a cultural era, attached importance to book collection, not to mention the collection of books by the court and government. What can best reflect people's cultural attitude in Song Dynasty is the prosperity of private books. Of course, this is also due to the improvement and popularization of printing. All book collectors should thank Bi Sheng and the hard-working book workers. There were many bibliophiles in the Song Dynasty. According to statistics, there were more than 700 bibliophiles in the Song Dynasty, and there were more than 200 kinds of private books with more than 20,000 volumes. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Ye Mengde and Weng had the largest collection of books, reaching 65,438+10,000 volumes, surpassing the National Library at that time. Book collection has become a social trend, and tasteful intellectuals are proud of having more books. Of course, there are also arty ones, such as Jia Sidao, the powerful minister of the Southern Song Dynasty. He was called a traitor, reviled and a bibliophile. There were many bibliophiles in the Song Dynasty, such as the Chao family in Shandong. Chao # At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, China had one of the best books of all ages. Moreover, rich books gave birth to the Chao family from generation to generation, making the Chao family one of the famous cultural families in the Song Dynasty. It is said that living under one roof for a hundred years is almost equal to Jia Fu. Unfortunately, because of the historical changes of the Jingkang War, all the books were lost. Without this war, the rulers would not exist! However, it seems that God is very kind to this educated family. After Nandu, a great bibliophile, Chao, appeared in this family. Chao is not only a great bibliophile, but also a scholar. He compiled the first private library catalogue in China, which is also a classic of China's bibliography. How did he do it? Chao was born in 1 105, and moved to Sichuan after the Jingkang Revolution. He is brilliant and loves books. Shaoxing became a scholar in two years, and became an official who transported Jingxing in Sichuan, and forged a deep friendship with Jingxing. This Du Jing is a great bibliophile. Du Jing was old and wrote a letter to Chao. The letter said: An old man died, and all his books were there, so he kept them in secret. Children and grandchildren are young and weak, so don't set traps for yourself. If he loves his name, he will be taken away by you; If its heart is good and profitable, it will be sold by the rich and may not be guaranteed. Today I pay the bill for my son, and another day, there must be good scholars in the meantime. Otherwise, you will get what you deserve. It turns out that old book collectors cherish books, and later generations are too young. Afraid of being greedy for fame and gain, they sold the book to a rich family, thought about it and gave it to Chao for safekeeping. If the children and grandchildren have a successful career and love learning, then return the books; Or keep it for yourself. This passage is like Liu Bei trusting an orphan, which shows that he cherishes the collection of books! Chao Xinran obeyed, and there are 50 books with good degrees, plus his own old library, which is not repeated, reaching as many as 24,500 volumes. So he wrote a summary for each book according to these books. Eventually, it became the Book of County Records Zhai, which was praised by later generations as the first bibliographer since the Song Dynasty. You Mao, one of the four great poets in the Southern Song Dynasty, is most obsessed with books. At that time, his rich collection of books and his love for books were well known and praised by people. He is a prominent official, and he is a minister of rites. I met this library in my hometown of Wuxi and named it Sui Chutang. Song Guangzong personally wrote a plaque and gave it to him. There are more than thirty thousand books in this building. His good friend, the great poet Lu You, praised his family's collection of S books in his poem: when the church was just built, he said every year that he would return to the present. The room was full of different titles, so I leaned forward and was surrounded by my schoolbag. Another great poet, Yang Wanli, collected poems in the west and in the sky. He was very happy and wrote a poem to thank him: Gui is old, but he is in the sky. He has 600 yuan in his bag, three times as much as a thorn. The moon is very round. You Mao especially likes copying books. According to Yang Wanli, he

Unfortunately, however, your tens of thousands of booksellers who collected books worked hard and burned with the library in an accidental fire more than 30 years after his death! Ye, a scholar in the late Qing Dynasty, lamented in the Collection of Poems that hunger is meat and cold is fur, which is enough to eliminate loneliness and troubles. This is particularly innocent, the book is full, and Wanliuxi wandered over. Fortunately, You Mao compiled the Bibliography of Sui Chutang according to his own collection, leaving important bibliography works for future generations. The characteristic of this book is that he will record the version of the book in detail, from which we can get a lot of useful information. For example, Zhu Mo and North Korea can see the advanced printing technology at that time, and North Korea can see the cultural exchange between Song Dynasty and North Korea, so it has irreplaceable academic value. There was also a bibliophile Chen in the Southern Song Dynasty, who lived in his later years. Born in 1 183 and died in 1 162 Huzhou, Zhejiang. He is an extremely diligent bibliophile. He worked as a local official in Jiangxi, Fujian and Zhejiang. Everywhere I go, I spare no effort to visit, buy books and copy books. Even those books that violate taboos and cannot be published publicly, he tries to find private copies. He was also an official in imperial academy, and he was able to read a lot of government secrets in imperial academy, and began to compile the problem-solving work of Zhi Zhai Bibliography. The problem-solving of Zhi Zhai Bibliography is based on Wu Chao Gong Junzhai Du Zhi, but there are many innovations and major breakthroughs in the number of books. * * * 3096 kinds of books were recorded, with 5 1 180 volumes, exceeding the book catalogue collected by the Southern Song government at that time. At that time, the number of the National Library of China, that is, the problem-solving of Zhizhai bibliography, recorded 44,486 volumes, and the bibliography of Zhongxing Pavilion was 14943 volumes, with only over 8,000 volumes. It can be seen that Chen's collection of books is almost equal to that of the government. In terms of quality, Chen's collection of books also exceeds the official collection. Many rare books and rare books recorded in solving problems in Zhi Zhai Shu are not in the national bibliography. Chen applied problem-solving methods to bibliography, forming a major genre of problem-solving catalogues. Although the compiling method of the problem-solving catalog is not from Chen Faming, it started when Chen officially used the problem-solving as the catalog name, and even later people called this catalog the problem-solving catalog. It can be said that the problem-solving of Zhi Zhai Shu Lu has become a typical problem-solving catalogue for later generations. Chen is familiar with his books. The contents, characteristics, authors and editions of those books are clearly stated in very concise words. The evaluation of books is also very standardized, and almost every article can be regarded as a wonderful book review, so it has high academic value. Examining the origin of mirrors and distinguishing chapters is the highest pursuit of bibliography, and Chen is almost as simple as that! These three books, namely "Solving Problems in Zhizhai Shu Lu" and "Reading Records in Zhai Jun", are also called the three major bibliography works in the Southern Song Dynasty. The catalogues of the Southern Song Dynasty all involve editions, but in comparison, each has its own characteristics. If you describe the beginning of the edition, you can push the bibliography of Wu Gong Sui Chu Tang; If the discussion is about the first edition of bibliography, in "Postal Trade", it is to solve the problem of the purpose of direct borrowing books; As far as the combination of bibliography and edition science is concerned, it is Chen's reading record. Libraries in the Southern Song Dynasty have long since disappeared from history, and there are only a handful of books in the Song Dynasty. But through these three bibliographies, we can see the cultural development degree of an era and a civilized Song Dynasty.