First, high school students' lack of reading and its causes.
Huang Houjiang, a middle school teacher in Suzhou, mentioned in an article: "What is worrying is that compared with 30 years ago, students' Chinese test scores or skills and abilities to cope with exams have been improved in a certain sense, but at the same time, they are reading less and less, and even if they read some books, they are almost meeting the needs of exams. My school is a first-class school in Jiangsu province and even the whole country, and the students can also be said to be first-class. As far as the students in the top class I teach are concerned, although the Chinese scores in the senior high school entrance examination are almost the same every year, their knowledge and reading volume obviously show that' each generation is worse than the next'. "This is true for students in key classes of key schools, and it is self-evident for other middle school students.
Due to the lack of reading, students have a narrow range of knowledge and a small reserve of literary knowledge. When reading the text, if you lack empathy for the text, or have no patience to read on, or can't understand the article, how can you stimulate your interest in learning Chinese?
The reasons are as follows: firstly, high school students now grew up watching TV, playing computer and accepting fast food culture, and have never read two books. Second, although many high schools have libraries, the utilization rate is not high due to the pressure of college entrance examination. When students are at school, their classes are so full that they have no time to read in the library. Thirdly, influenced by exam-oriented education, parents and some teachers regard extracurricular books as "idle books" and prohibit their use. How dare students read widely?
In order to guide students to read, everyone is trying to find a way. Many experts and scholars have no choice but to guide or force students to read some books according to the present situation of middle school students. In fact, the effect is obvious. Like it or not, students still have to read some books in high school. Many students are still playing mobile phones and computers during the winter and summer vacations. As for the interest, it's hard to say.
Second, strategies to guide senior high school students' reading
The new curriculum standard requires high school students to flexibly use intensive reading, skimming, browsing and speed reading according to different reading purposes and different reading materials to improve reading efficiency. Accordingly, in the practice of new curriculum teaching in recent ten years, the author has always insisted on guiding students to read from two angles: extensive reading and deep reading, aiming at making students fall in love with reading and then stimulating their interest in learning Chinese.
(A) to guide students to read widely
1. Let every student keep taking notes.
Four articles a week, extracted from various books, newspapers and magazines, can be cut and pasted in notebooks, or you can extract good words and sentences yourself. Notes include the following contents: title, author, source, so that students have index consciousness; Words and phrases, so that students have a sense of accumulation, to prepare for the college entrance examination pronunciation and typos; The main content, evaluation (recommendation reason), cultivate the ability of generalization and appreciation. Taking notes can not only improve reading ability, but also accumulate composition materials. At first, students just took notes as homework. In order to improve students' enthusiasm, the author carefully exchanges notes every week, analyzes and appreciates the selected articles with students, and regularly exchanges excellent comments in the whole class. Gradually, the articles selected by the students became more and more exciting, and the comments written became more and more profound. Because students choose their own articles, there is no psychological conflict, they choose well and write well, which can be affirmed and praised by teachers and students. More and more students gradually fall in love with reading. Ten years' practice has proved that one aspect that arouses students' interest is that teachers are wonderful in class, and making students fall in love with reading is also an important way to stimulate students to love Chinese. The more you read, the deeper you understand and the stronger your interest.
Chinese teachers should take the lead in reading more books.
There are not many Chinese teachers who can persist in studying now. Because of their busy work, many teachers are tired of school affairs and family affairs and have no time to settle down and study. If the Chinese teacher doesn't study, it may not be so easy to have a wonderful class. Chinese teachers take the lead in reading more books, so that they can have a good knowledge in class and reveal some wonderful contents from time to time, which will arouse students' appetite and encourage them to read more books after class.
The author adheres to the habit of reading books before going to bed, and also buys and borrows books to read at home in winter and summer vacations. When you come across a wonderful article or fragment, collect it. If we can contact the text in class, it will be a natural transition: either let students read a paragraph, or retell the story by themselves, pick out the wonderful stories, quote them in key places, and write down the titles of books or articles for students to read. For example, when talking about the voice of the Jedi in Selected Readings of Modern Prose, the author asked the students to read a passage from Murphy's autobiography "Make Things Better" for the public jewels. The students read well and the other students listened carefully. After reading it, many students came to borrow this book.
Ask the students to recommend a book to everyone in the form of a speech.
Many teachers are doing this job, but the effect is different. The key lies in the requirements for students. The author's requirements are as follows: ① The recommended book should be read at least twice by himself, and the teacher should finish it the day before the speech and answer questions; There must be at least three reasons for recommendation, and there must be points that interest students; (3) On-site statistics in the form of hands show who wants to read this book, and teachers also have the right to vote. (4) Teachers and students will grade your speech. ⑤ Give prizes to students who have made good speeches and recommended articles.
The most important thing in this job is persistence. Students will finish it as a task first, but they will read different books in their choices and try to read good books recommended by their classmates.
4. Subscribe to a large number of books and newspapers in the class to create a reading atmosphere.
Students learn from the crowd, you read and I study, so that the whole class has formed a good reading atmosphere. Students are interested, can understand and remember. If we can take some reading classes regularly and let students go to the library to watch a class, the effect may be better.
Extensive reading can cultivate students' sense of language, improve Chinese literacy and stimulate their interest in learning. But extensive reading is not enough. You need to read deeply.
(B) to guide students in-depth reading
1. Apply what you have learned and read deeply.
In guiding students to read deeply, some teachers' explorations are worth learning. For example, Jiang Tao, a young and middle-aged teacher in Suzhou, thinks that the purpose of learning Historical Records is to learn to write biographies by himself, and the purpose of learning Tang poetry and Song poetry is to write poems by himself, so students are required to write their own answers according to the requirements of the college entrance examination. This kind of teaching idea is very difficult, because many teachers themselves can't reach this height. In My Language My Classroom written by Jiang Tao, the biographies and poems written by middle school students are amazing. In an open municipal class, Mr. Jiang Tao showed the teachers modern poems written by many students. Their mature brushwork and ingenious ideas were amazing. The students in Suzhou No.1 Middle School are not the best in Suzhou. They can do it, and I believe students from other schools can do it. The key is that teachers should change their ideas and fully trust students.
To write a biography, students must master the writing method of biography, the usage of classical Chinese sentence patterns and the usage of common function words. In this way, students should study the same kind of classical Chinese, how to write it, which sentence patterns can be used by me, which real words can be used to express what I want to express, and which function words in classical Chinese should be used to express my mood. If you want to write a poem and a song by yourself, you must study the composition of the poem, the common images in the poem, the antithesis and rhyme of the poem. This requires students to read extensively and deeply, and boring classical Chinese and difficult poems will also be read deeply because of the need of "use". Reading for use, combining learning with application, teachers only need to guide students, and students will acquire knowledge and ability through independent learning. Only in this way can we achieve the goal of learning to learn in learning.
2. Ask two more "ifs" to guide reading deeper.
If students are guided to ask more "ifs" in reading, it is easy to lead reading to the depths. If you give Xiang Yu another chance, will he succeed? If the person mentioned in "Jing Ke has something to stay, wants to keep pace with others, and his life is far away in the future" also comes, will there be a different ending in stabbing Qin? If Jing Ke stabbed the king of Qin, would the fate of Yan change? Wait a minute. Extracurricular reading also leads students to ask themselves two "ifs", which will lead to unexpected gains.
Guide students to read more, try various reading methods, let students participate in reading, love reading, read extensively, read deeply and taste the fun of reading. The author firmly believes that as long as we persevere, teachers and students will be able to achieve the goal of common growth and common development in the process of reading and enjoying the results of reading.
References:
[1] Ministry of Education of People's Republic of China (PRC). Chinese Curriculum Standard of Ordinary Senior High School (Experiment) [S]. Beijing: People's Education Press, 2003.
[2] Huang Houjiang. At that time, we could still hear [J]. Chinese teaching in middle schools, 2009, (1).
(Wang studied in Suzhou No.4 Middle School, Jiangsu 2 15003)