Wang Xuance was a native of Luoyang, when he was a fellow monk of Xuanzang. In 64 1 A.D., Makada in northern India sent an envoy to see Tang, so he went there in 643 and returned to China in 646 as the deputy envoy to reply to his letters. Then in the second year, he went to India as an ambassador and participated in the usurpation of the throne (also the battle of Wang Gongming, which will be introduced below). In 658, he was elected special envoy to India for the third time. During his visit, he also visited Mohe Bordet base. Although he recorded the stories of these trips, the complete version has long been lost, leaving only a few scattered fragments, such as Fayuan Zhu Lin and Xie Jia local chronicles. -Old Tang Book Volume 9 Biography of the Western Regions and New Tang Book Volume 221 Biography of the Western Regions Volume 8 Feng Chengjun Wang Xuance Affairs Collection (Tsinghua Journal)
Task record
Wang Xuance can be said to be a strange figure. The battlefield he was driving was not in China, but in faraway India. In 647 AD, Wang Xuance was ordered by Emperor Taizong to visit Siladi Sia, the Indian King of Cadal who had friendly relations with Tang for the second time. When I finally arrived in India, I found that King Tiya of Siladi had died and the throne had been usurped by a man named Arjuna. At the same time, not only Makada, but almost all India was at war at that time. Wang Xuance and other Tang envoys were also attacked by Arjuna and imprisoned. Fortunately, Wang Xuance got out of trouble safely and escaped from Makada.
So Wang Xuance fled back to Datang? No, he rode his horse from the Indian mainland to the north, crossed the Gandhi River and the Sindustan Plain, and took the Himalayas as his goal, all the way to the kingdom of Nepal. Here he negotiated with King Amxiu Vallman of Nepal, and Wang Xuance borrowed soldiers from King Amxiu Vallman of Nepal in the name of the Tubo (now Tibet) king who married Princess Wencheng, the adopted daughter of Emperor Taizong. Borrowed 7000 Nepalese cavalry and led troops back to Makada to challenge usurper Arjuna.
After fierce fighting, Wang Xuance finally won. In the decisive battle on the banks of the Gandhi River, 3,000 Arjuna troops, including elephant troops, died, and 10000 people were chased into the water and drowned, and at least 1 1000 people were captured, which was a great defeat. It is inferred that its total strength is at least 30,000 people, and it is not easy for Wang Xuance to win more with fewer soldiers, and it is not easy to be an enemy of foreign soldiers in a foreign country. This is more difficult than Chang Hui (who has been in business for at least ten years and has superior military strength) attacking Xiongnu with foreign troops.
After Wang Xuance captured Arjuna and restored peace in Makada, he led the Nepalese army back to his motherland. Of course, at this time, other men who stayed in prison were also rescued. After capturing King Arjuna of Tirab, they dedicated it to Emperor Taizong in 648 and returned to the Tang Dynasty. If Wang Xuance had been a general of the British Empire in18th and 9th centuries, he could have demanded compensation for his imprisonment, and it is not impossible to regard Ma Cadal as a colony because of his great contribution to restoring peace. After all, Wang Xuance's achievement is comparable to that of the famous Robert Robert Clive in the world history. He has no desire for territory and rights. Is this a personal qualification? Or are the values of the two civilizations different?
He is a man who led Nepal's foreign army and won the battle of the target army in a foreign country like India. Let this man be welcomed by more people as a hero. This man actually went to India three times, not as an ambassador at first, but as an assistant ambassador. On his second trip, he was promoted to ambassador plenipotentiary, participated in usurping the throne of Nepal, and led the cavalry in Nepal to be very active. After that, he went there again What did he do? In fact, he went to the temple to pay homage. He is a man who waved his hand and went back after making great achievements. China's wisdom and humility are vividly displayed, which is admirable!
Because he didn't do anything in China and didn't do anything special. After coming back from India, it was only hard work and a little pity. This man once made a detailed record of what he did and the geography of India, which was called "Journey to the Middle Tianzhu". Unfortunately, it has been scattered and almost never passed down.
Regarding this person, Mr. Yoshiki Tanaka thinks that "it is not impossible to regard him as the protagonist of an adventure movie with gorgeous style like Hollywood movies".
The name of Yoshiki Tanaka, a Japanese master of fantasy literature, may not be unfamiliar to China readers who love fantasy literature, but most people don't know that his other "specialty" is historical novels, especially novels with romantic heroism characteristics set in ancient China. Taking the true story of Wang Xuance's mission to India in the prosperous Tang Dynasty as a clue, The Hot Wind Record of Tianzhu reproduces the magnificent history that was almost forgotten.
Be captured and escape
In 647 AD, Wang Xuance was ordered by Emperor Taizong to go to Tianzhu for the second time. Unexpectedly, at this time, the anti-Japanese king who ruled many small vassal states in Tianzhu died of illness, and the monarch of Emperor Fu Na, Azuna, took advantage of the chaos to usurp power and carried out cruel religious persecution. When Azuna heard that the envoy of the Tang Dynasty was coming, he sent more than 1,000 soldiers to ambush the envoy of the Tang Dynasty and put Wang Xuance and his party in prison.
Wang Xuance and agreement Jiang ventured to escape from prison. With the help of Princess Rajaseri, the sister of the armistice king, they fled from Tianzhu to Nepal. With 7,000 Nepalese cavalry and 0/200 Tubo cavalry, they re-entered Tianzhu and fought fiercely with Azu's tens of thousands of troops, killing thousands, drowning more than 10,000 people and capturing more than 10,000 people. He also cleverly deployed the "Fire Bull Array" and wiped out the seven Vientiane Army commanded by Azuna himself.
Although Wang Xuance was an envoy of the Tang Dynasty who made "an unprecedented feat in the world", there are few historical records about his three trips to Tianzhu. The reason is that Yoshiki Tanaka said humorously that the dazzling brilliance of Xuanzang's western learning in China's classic The Journey to the West drowned Wang Xuance at the same time, and his official position was relatively low, so it was impossible to erect a monument for him alone in the official history. A person's fame depends on his popularity. Without any publicity, the hero was finally forgotten by the world.
Yoshiki Tanaka's "first intimate contact" with Wang Xuance was more than 30 years ago when he first entered the university. When he read the entries of the legendary envoys of the Tang Dynasty in the university library through the Encyclopedia of Asian History published by the Japanese General Society, he was shocked. Tanaka said that he had no intention of becoming a writer at that time, but simply out of curiosity, he wanted to do some in-depth exploration. After more than ten years, he decided to write this history into a novel. In this way, "Tianzhu Hot Wind Record" took 20 years from conception to finalization.
Pay tribute to this Tang Dynasty envoy who made "an unprecedented feat in world history"! Welcome to continue to add this entry! -Ilan Dalbergia
Send to Tianzhu
During the Tang Dynasty, Tianzhu, now India, was the country where the Buddha was born, and Buddhism was preached all over the country. It is divided into five major Tianzhu countries: east, west, north and south.
During the Zhenguan period, a layman named Chen, Tang Xuanzang, went through all kinds of hardships to learn Buddhist scriptures in Tianzhu for the sake of Buddhism on both sides of the West. In the middle of Tianzhu, I saw Luo Yiduo, the body of Tianzhu King. The king of Tianzhu, also known as King Moganto, has extraordinary martial arts and is quite brave. He fought for many years and conquered four other Tianzhu countries. I was overjoyed to see the eminent monk of the Tang Dynasty and said to the Tang Priest, "I am very happy to hear that a saint was born in your country. Can you explain this miracle to me? " The Tang Priest and King Mogado outlined the life of SHEN WOO, Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty, the rebellion in the Central Plains and the fall of four barbarians, which made Fan Yi countries awe-inspiring, saying: Tiankhan. King Mogado admired it very much: "As you said, I should go to the East to see your king."
Tang priest traveled in Tianzhu for more than ten years, collected more than 650 classics and brought them back to China. King Mogado sent envoys with Tang Priest to meet Emperor Taizong. Emperor Taizong was also very happy, and ordered Yun to ride on his arm and hold a memorial ceremony for Tianzhu. Minister Wang Zhaoren of Mogato said: "There is a celestial dynasty in the east, which is called Maha Sinian. I have never contacted me since ancient times. " A saint sent a special envoy to this place of Moho Sinian, and he deserves to be greeted. "He went out to meet the envoys of the Tang Dynasty, and worshipped the imperial edict to show his love. Fu also sent messengers to the Tang Dynasty to present a fire bead and a golden bodhi tree to see Emperor Taizong. The two countries established diplomatic relations.
In the twenty-second year of Zhenguan, Luo Duoyi, the body of King Mogado, died, causing chaos in China. Treacherous court official Aroshuna gave priority to self-reliance, usurped the treasure of Tianzhu, and became king, which was unheard of in Tang Ting because of its long distance.
At that time, Emperor Taizong sent Wang Xuance to visit Tianzhu. Xuance brought an assistant envoy, Jiang and Tang Priest's younger brother, Debate Monk, as translators. After riding for more than 50 days, I started from Chang 'an and finally entered Tianzhu.
After the death of King Mogado, the usurper Aroshuna heard that the envoy of the Tang Dynasty had entered the DPRK and sent two thousand soldiers to ambush him. Xuance, the stone man and fifty riders are all battle-hardened. Although they didn't panic, they formed a wild goose formation, put the defense machines in the array and struggled to break through the jungle. Songzan Gambu heard the news and brought a thousand cavalry to help him. As a result, only Xuance, Stone Man and Debate Machine were rescued, all of them died in riding and shooting, and the whole team was wiped out.
Xuance was furious, so he called our envoys to the neighboring countries and the Tang Kingdom, gathered more than 10,000 soldiers and horses, and took charge of himself, making Shi a pioneer. He defeated tens of thousands of elephants in Tianzhu in World War I and directly won tea and Luocheng. Aroshuna is so scared that she can't leave the city. Xuance was bent on revenge and took out all kinds of tricks of Tang Jun to attack the city: ladder, stone cart and fire attack. After more than three months of fierce attacks, Cha and Luocheng soldiers were finally defeated. Xuance pursued all the way, beheaded 3 thousand Tianzhu soldiers, and drove the other half into the Ganges River and drowned.
Xuance took Shi Ren as the pioneer, went his own way, took advantage of the situation to attack Tianzhu, and vowed to completely destroy Tianzhu. As soon as the Tianzhu soldiers met Tang Jun, they were in flight. Luo Song, helpless, abandoned his country and went to East Tianzhu, asking for help from the corpse of King East Tianzhu, and then assembled a skirmisher to fight back against Tang Jun.
Xuance deceives Tianzhu and knows nothing about the art of war. He only knows how to fight. He made an ambush plan, lured Aroshuna to take the bait, wiped out Aroshuna's remnants in one fell swoop, captured Aroshuna alive, and killed everyone else.
Aroshuna's wife, who still has tens of thousands of soldiers, insisted on going to Wei Tuo according to the danger, but she was also broken by Shiren and fled and surrendered. At this point, the cities near and far fell with the wind, Tianzhu was destroyed, and * * * took over 580 leeway.
Because East Tianzhu reinforcements Aroshuna, Xuance wants to take advantage of the situation to die East Tianzhu again. The body of Kumo, the king of East Tianzhu, was scared out of her wits. He quickly sent 30 thousand horses and cattle, and some treasures tied up with bows and knives to apologize to the Tang master to show his submission to the Tang Dynasty. Xuance just stopped fighting and returned to Korea. Emperor Taizong surrendered with Aroshuna and a group of officials. He was overjoyed and tied Chang 'an as a prisoner. He wrote a letter to reward Xuance, aid Korea and disperse medicine.
Actually:
There are countless heroic legends, and all the swords and horses are from China.
Out of the dust, there are poems:
The wolf peak in the desert is lonely and straight, and the sky is noisy.
The soldiers broke through the Elysium, lashed the foreign land and humiliated the battlefield.
Since Kaijiang has its own dynasty, why not forget the ancient title of general?
Book of Old Tang Dynasty (volume 198), biography 148.
In the ten years of Zhenguan, Shaman Xuanzang went to his country and brought back more than 600 Buddhist scriptures. First, the governor Wang Xuance was sent to Tianzhu, and the four kings of Tianzhu were sent to pay tribute. During the meeting, Luo Yi, the corpse of King Tianzhu, died, and the whole country was in chaos. His minister, Fu Na Di Arona, usurped the throne, but he sent Hu Bing to reject Xuance. Xuance rode thirty men to fight Hu Yu, but he was defeated and captured. Hu also plundered the tributes of various countries. Xuance stood up, fled overnight, went to Tubo, sent 1200 elite soldiers, rode more than 7,000 people from Niboro, and followed Xuance. Xuance and Jiang, the lieutenant, led the soldiers of the two countries into Zhongtian Zhucheng. Lien Chan was defeated for three days, with more than 3,000 people beheaded and 10,000 people drowned. Arona abandoned the city and fled, and the stone man occupied the city. There are 22,000 men and women and more than 30,000 horses and cows. So Tianzhu was frightened and caught Arona. Twenty-two years later, when he arrived in the capital, Emperor Taizong was very happy and ordered his ministers to sue the ancestral temple, saying that the ministers said, "Madam, your eyes and ears are playing with lewdness, and your mouth and nose are addicted to bad smell. This is the root of your fall. If brahmins don't rob me and make people, are they prisoners? In the past, Zhongshan was greedy for treasures and eliminated disadvantages, and Hou Hou destroyed Taurus. "
In the fifteenth year of Emperor Taizong's Zhenguan reign, the King of India, the King of Mujatuo, pleaded for the funeral of Rodiedo (Sanskrit: Harsha slāditya, the King of abstinence from the sun). After Xuanzang's visit to the DPRK, Tang Mingyun sent a letter to Tang Ting. Tang Mingyun rode back on Wei Liang, and Luo Die sent an envoy to China. In March of the seventeenth year of Zhenguan, the Tang Dynasty sent Li Yibiao as the ambassador and Wang Xuance as the deputy ambassador to Weiwei Temple. Under the employment of Indian envoys, in the nineteenth year of Zhenguan, Zhenguan arrived in King Snake City (now Rajgil, southwest Bihar, India) and returned to China the following year. In the twenty-first year of Zhenguan (or twenty-two years), Wang Xuance was appointed as the ambassador, and Jiang went to India with his assistant. Before Rodeo died, arunas Wa, king of Dina Land (now Tirut, northern Bihar, India), set out to send troops to refuse the entry of Tang envoys. Xuance was captured from riding thirty men, and he himself went to the Tibetan Western Regions for help. Tubo Zanpasong Zangambu sent troops 1200, Nipolo (now Nepal) king Nalingdewa (Narendra Dewa; ; ) 7,000 soldiers rode, and the chapter of Xiqiang asked for help. Arona was captured and returned. In the third year of Emperor Gaozong's reign (658, Xuance year 2), he went to India for the third time, arrived in Pokuriko (now northern Dabanga, India) the following year, and visited Mahapodeji for five years.
In the twenty-second year of Zhenguan, Minister Wang Xuance captured an Indian monk named Rona Erwa in the foreign war. In order to cater to Li Shimin's desire for longevity, I dedicated him to Li Shimin. Indian monks boast that they are 200 years old and specialize in immortality. They swear that they will become immortals after eating the elixir he refined, and they can even fly to the Heavenly Palace to become immortals in broad daylight.
When Wang Xuance returned to Chang 'an, it was the 22nd year of Zhenguan (AD 648). Li Shimin was naturally surprised when he learned that his men were so disappointing outside. He immediately promoted Wang Xuance to two levels, canonized him as a doctor in the DPRK, and held a grand ceremony to detain Arona as a prisoner in the ancestral temple.
The strange name of Tianzhu monk Rona's wife "lurked" to Li Shimin's side by some means, and then Li Shimin ordered him to prepare a "life-prolonging medicine" for himself and give some colorful pills to Emperor Li Shimin every once in a while. Soon Li Shimin died of poisoning. At this time, it was only one year before Wang Xuance returned to China. Wang Xuance was implicated in the death of Li Shimin, and his career was blocked, so there was no chance of promotion.
Xuance sent many missions to India and brought back Buddhist relics, which contributed to the cultural exchange between China and India. He is the author of ten volumes of Travels of the Middle Tianzhu and three volumes of People. Today, only sporadic words are recorded in the local chronicles of Fayuan Zhu Lin, Zhujing Yao Ji and Sakyamuni. In recent years, people found the inscription of Wang Xuance Buddha in Longmen Grottoes.