Senior high school Chinese basic knowledge catalog book information catalog editor Senior high school Chinese basic knowledge this paragraph of book information is edited by Xue Jinxing. Publisher: Beijing Education Press: 20 10-4- 1 word count: 720000 format: 32 format: 9787530329498 pricing: 29.80. This section introduces: The Handbook of Basic Knowledge of Chinese in Senior High School 1993 has been published and sold well for a long time. It has become a well-known brand in the necessary reference books and teaching AIDS for senior high school students and teachers in China. In order to live up to the readers' high expectations of the Basic Knowledge Manual of Chinese in Senior High School, we once again invite some first-line and senior expert teachers from all provinces and cities in China to make a brand-new revision. Experts have made a comprehensive and in-depth study of the Chinese Curriculum Standard for Ordinary Senior High Schools, compulsory and elective textbooks, old syllabus textbooks and Chinese examination syllabus for senior high schools, and absorbed the knowledge essence of relevant authoritative works, newspapers and magazines, striving to make this book a more authoritative, practical and comprehensive reference book. The book is divided into four parts according to the examination scope of China National College Entrance Examination. This paper systematically introduces relevant knowledge and learning methods. Language knowledge and language expression are divided into basic knowledge and extended sentences such as pronunciation, Chinese characters, punctuation, words, sentences and figures of speech according to the new curriculum standard. Part of language application ability, such as compressing paragraphs, selecting, imitating and changing sentence patterns, simplicity, coherence and appropriateness of language, innovation of language expression, etc. Famous sentences of literary common sense include writers' works, literary genres, famous sentences and ancient cultural common sense. The part of reading classical Chinese in ancient poetry includes words, classical content words and classical function words. As well as the ability of classical Chinese, such as sentence breaking and translation, meaning understanding of classical Chinese, etc. Appreciation of ancient poetry focuses on appreciation method, which is intended to help students break through the difficulties of college entrance examination. Modern Chinese reading includes reading basic knowledge, analysis of modern Chinese reading test sites, literary text reading and applied text reading, which corresponds to the new curriculum standard. In order to cultivate students' reading ability, appreciation ability and inquiry ability in an orderly manner. Edit the first part of this part of the table of contents. Language knowledge and language expression. Requirements of "Language Knowledge and Language Expression" in Examination Syllabus Part I, Modern Chinese Common Sense (1) Language (2) Modern Chinese (3) Three Elements of Modern Chinese (4) Putonghua (5) Dialect Survey (6) Phonetics (7) Syllables (8) Phonemes (9) Vowels (/kloc) Initial 2. The last consonant 3. Zero initial 4. The difference between rhyme head, rhyme belly and rhyme 5. The marking of tone symbols. Sound insulation symbol 8. Reverse cutting 3. Spelling knowledge 1. Capital 2. Join and split. Problems that should be paid attention to in the pronunciation of Chinese characters. 6. The method of recognizing the pronunciation of polyphonic words. Appendix 1. Discrimination of polyphonic characters. Appendix II. A collection of words that are easy to mispronounce. Appendix 3. Words that are prone to mispronouncing in idioms. Appendix 4. Words that are easy to mispronounce in surnames, place names and mountain names. The second part. Chinese characters. 1. The characteristics and evolution of Chinese characters. 2. Chinese character formation method (six books). 3. Chinese stroke names. The rules of China's strokes. Related knowledge of Chinese characters (1) radicals (2) single characters and combined characters (3) traditional characters and simplified characters (4) homophones and polyphones (5) polysemy and variant characters (7) correcting typos (8), dictionaries (reference books) (1) Brief introduction to common reference books/kloc Erya 2. Shuo Wen Jie Zi 3. Dialect 4. Shiming 5. Guangyun 6. Kangxi dictionary 7. China dictionary. Etymology 9. Say goodbye to the sea Corner number word detection (3) the meaning of several symbols in the dictionary Appendix 1 middle school students' easy-to-write typo set Appendix 2 Common other word sets Appendix 3 Analysis of easily confused words Appendix 4 Common easily confused words and idioms Appendix 5 Most common single word sets in contemporary Chinese publications Appendix 6 List of common variant characters Appendix 3 Punctuation marks Part 4 Words Part 5 Sentences Part 6 Extended sentences Part 7: Selection of sentence patterns in compressed sentences. Part X Appropriateness, Language Expression, Innovative Questions Part II, Literary Common Sense and Famous Sentences, Requirements for Chinese Department Examination Syllabus "Famous Sentences and Famous Articles of Literary Common Sense" Part I, Writers' Works Part II, Literary Genre Part III, Poem Famous Sentences Part IV, Ancient Cultural Common Sense Part III, Ancient Poetry Reading Requirements Chinese Department Examination Syllabus "Ancient Poetry Reading" Part I, Text Part II, Classical Chinese Vocabulary Part III Classical Chinese Function Words Part IV Classical Chinese Sentence Patterns Part V Sentence Breaking and Translation Part VI Meaning Understanding of Classical Chinese Text Part VII Appreciation of Ancient Poetry Part IV Examination Outline Modern Chinese Reading Requirements Part I Reading Basic Knowledge Part II Analysis of Modern Chinese Reading Test Sites Part III Literary Text Reading Part IV Introduction of Practical Text Reading Content Since the publication of 1993, the Handbook of Basic Chinese Knowledge for Senior High School has been selling well for a long time. It has become a well-known brand in the necessary reference books and teaching AIDS for senior high school students and teachers in China. In order to live up to the high expectations of readers, we once again invited some first-line and senior experts and teachers from all provinces and cities across the country to carry out a new revision. Experts have made a comprehensive and in-depth study of the Chinese Curriculum Standard for Ordinary Senior High Schools, compulsory and elective textbooks, old syllabus textbooks and Chinese examination syllabus for senior high schools, and absorbed the knowledge essence of relevant authoritative works, newspapers and magazines, striving to make this book a more authoritative, practical and comprehensive reference book. The book is divided into four sections according to the examination scope of China National College Entrance Examination, which systematically introduces relevant knowledge and learning methods. Chinese knowledge and language expression are based on the new curriculum standard.

2. Basic knowledge of Chinese books

1. Metaphor (1) Metaphor is characterized by metaphor.

That is to grasp the similarities between two different things and compare one thing with another. Generally speaking, the structure of metaphor should be composed of three parts, namely, ontology (the object to be compared), vehicle (the object to be compared) and figurative words (the symbol of figurative relationship).

The key of metaphor: A and B must be essentially different things, and there must be similarities between A and B, otherwise it cannot be established. 3 [Basic usage of Chinese] Correct use of common figures of speech ⑴ Types of metaphors ⑴ Similes.

The typical form is: A is like B, and ontological vehicles all appear, which are connected by metaphors such as "image, image, as if, as if".

For example, harvested crops are piled up like hills to keep a stable temperature. 2 metaphor.

The typical form is: A is B. Ontological vehicles all appear, with no figurative words in the middle. They are often connected by "yes", "becoming" and "becoming".

For example, the square is a sea of snow-white garlands, and monuments have been piled into snow-white hills. 3 metaphor.

The typical form is: A generation B. Without ontology, it directly describes the vehicle.

But it is different from metonymy. Use metonymy to get the relevant points of two things, and use metaphor to get the similarities of two things.

For example, "catching sparrows with eyes closed" and "blind people touching elephants" are careless, boastful and content with a little knowledge. This extremely bad style still exists among many comrades in our Party. 4 metaphor.

Use several metaphors to compare the same ontology from different angles and with different similarities. For example, look, are those girls in windbreakers who come by bike dancing, red butterflies, green parrots or blue peacocks? (3) The function of metaphor is mainly to turn plain into vivid; Or turn abstruse into simple; Or abstract into concrete; Or turn verbosity into conciseness.

(4) The following situations, although there are words such as "like" and "as if", are not figurative sentences. She is very much like her mother in character.

It's dark, as if it is going to rain. She seemed to hear her heart beating violently.

Many touching figures have emerged in our time, such as Xu Honggang and Li Xiangqun. Characteristics of analogy (1) According to imagination, things are described as people, abstract concepts as people or things, or people as things and things as other things.

Its form is: things are humanized, or people are materialized, or things are materialized. (2) the type of analogy ① personification (writing things as adults).

For example, the green grass on the soft mud is oily and swaying underwater. (2) simulacra (writing people as objects or writing A as objects B).

For example, when I got outside the house, my mother had already greeted me, and then my eight-year-old nephew Honger flew out. (3) The role of metaphor The correct use of metaphor increases the vividness and vividness of language, which not only makes readers have a vivid impression on what they express, but also produces strong feelings for it, thus causing * * *.

3. Metonymy (1) The characteristics of metonymy do not directly say the real name of the thing to be said, but borrow the name of something closely related to people or things to replace it. ⑵ Types of metonymy ① Characteristic ontology.

For example, the beard roared. (2) Substance replaces noumenon.

For example, wood tied with rope is straight, and gold is sharp. ③ Logo generates ontology.

For example, who would have expected to fall into the hands of "three heads" or something? This is not wrong! (4) Famous works. For example, we should read more books about Lu Xun.

5 nicknames instead of yourself. For example: "Chai Lu explosion", let's make a fire! ⑥ proper name generalization.

For example, a thousand readers have a thousand Hamlets. ⑦ The concrete generation is abstract.

For example, don't take a needle or thread from the masses. 8 Part replaces the whole.

For example: sing low eyebrows and don't write, and the moonlight shines like water on the skirt. (3) The function of metonymy is simple and complicated; Replace the virtual with the real; Replace ordinary with odd numbers; Exchange things for feelings.

It can arouse people's association and make the expression receive outstanding images, distinctive features and concrete and vivid effects. 2. Exaggeration (1) is characterized by pursuing a certain performance effect and expanding or narrowing the original things reasonably and intentionally.

It is required that the foundation and basis of life should not be lost when using it, and that it should not be exaggerated all over the sky and give people a sense of reality. (2) Type of exaggeration (1) Enlarge exaggeration.

For example, I still have a good heart, even if I die nine times, I have no regrets. (2) reduce exaggeration.

For example, Wuling makes waves, and Wumeng takes mud pills. 3 exaggerate in advance.

For example, if you don't drink, you will get drunk first, your eyes will bleed and your heart will turn to dust. ⑶ The function of exaggeration is helpful to highlight the essence and characteristics of things, clearly show the author's emotional attitude towards things and increase the vividness of language.

5. Duality (1) The characteristics of duality Two phrases or sentences with the same or roughly the same number of words, the same or similar structure, and related or opposite meanings are symmetrically arranged together. ⑵ The types of duality ① can be divided into positive pair, negative pair and series pair according to the content.

Right-to-right: the dual form of similar, similar, complementary and contrasting meanings of the upper and lower sentences. For example, birds in captivity miss the old forest, and fish in the pond miss home.

Objection: the dual form of the opposite or opposite meaning of the upper and lower sentences. For example, fatigue can rejuvenate the country and leisure can die.

Series pair: Also called "flow pair". The meaning of the upper and lower sentences has the dual forms of inheritance, progressiveness, causality, hypothesis and conditionality.

For example, reading is like breaking thousands of books, and writing is like god's help. 4 [Basic usage of Chinese] Correct use of common figures of speech ② According to the form, it can be divided into working pair and wide pair.

The so-called work pair means that the number of words, part of speech, structure, level and words all meet the requirements of collocation; The so-called tolerance means that it basically meets the requirements of confrontation, but it is slightly different in some aspects. It's just that the formal requirements are slightly looser.

③ According to the structure, it can be divided into component duality and sentence duality. Binary composition.

For example, the ignorance of mountains and rivers, butterfly geese heartless; However, they treat human beings fairly and equally, neither laughing because of dignitaries, nor being stingy because of Shan Ye's fishing and firewood. Duality of sentence.

For example, the reeds on the wall are top-heavy and shallow; Bamboo shoots in the mountains have a thick mouth and an empty stomach. (3) The double function (1) is neat in form and symmetrical in structure, and can receive a balanced aesthetic effect.

The text is concise and expressive, which can vividly express the relationship between related things; It is a sharp contrast between opposing things, with clear praise and criticism. (3) The rhythm is distinct, the phonology is harmonious, and it is easy to read and memorize.

Parallelism (1) is a combination of three or more phrases or sentences with the same or similar structure, related content and consistent tone. ⑵ Types of parallelism ① Composition parallelism.

For example.

3. Chinese knowledge books recommended

1. Application of reference books: The so-called reference books refer to dictionaries, dictionaries, idioms or network resources.

Usually in the process of reading, if you encounter difficult words, you should look up reference books. This can solve the problem immediately, increase the understanding of words, and then deepen the impression, which will be unforgettable for life.

2. Extensive reading: Some people say that reading more books is an important way to learn Chinese. Without a certain amount of reading, there will be no active quality.

3. Be diligent in writing: a word should not only know its meaning, but also know how to use it. Instead of rote memorization, it is better to apply new words and vocabulary to your writing (composition or sentence-making), which will not only accurately grasp the meaning of words and the ability to use words, but also enhance the ability to control words.

4. Reading all kinds of books or newspapers is absolutely necessary; Otherwise, if you just study textbooks, it is really difficult to improve your Chinese ability and get good grades. Therefore, it is a good way to develop good reading habits and improve Chinese ability.

Supplementing some extra-curricular articles and reading extra-curricular books spontaneously are the key to improving Chinese ability.