Gnaeus pompeius, also translated as Pompeius, was a famous strategist and politician in the late Roman Republic. On August 9th, 48 BC, the famous Battle of Salou was the biggest and last decisive battle between Pompeii and Caesar.
At the beginning of the war, Pompey concentrated all his cavalry on Caesar's cavalry. Seeing this, Caesar immediately sent an attack signal to the 3000 infantry who had been ambushing, so the ambush suddenly attacked and raised a spear to stab the Pompeii cavalry in the face.
Pompeii cavalry was overwhelmed and fled in confusion. Pang's left wing was completely disintegrated, and the rest of the legion saw that the left wing had been defeated. They didn't fight. As a result, the whole army was wiped out. After the failure, Pompeii tried to find a hiding place in Egypt.
On September 28th, 48 BC, just as his ship docked, the attendants of Egyptian King Ptolemy XIII stabbed him in the back with a sword, killing him at the age of 58.
Extended data:
Pompeii was born into a noble family in Rome. His father, Strappo Pompeii, was not only an outstanding commander in chief of Rome, but also one of the representatives of optimates.
In 89 BC, he served as consul and conquered Sabine and Pickennum in the Italian League War. He owns a lot of land in Pi Kem and protects people.
When Pompeii was young, he received a good education and a high cultural accomplishment, and he was deeply interested in the advanced Greek culture at that time. Influenced by his family, he loves the military. 17 years old, with his father to suppress the Italian uprising.
He completely inherited his father's mantle politically. His father was ambitious and sought the supreme power of the country in turbulent times, which left a deep impression on Pompeii's mind.
In 87 BC, Pompeii, Strappo was struck by lightning and died. Pompeii inherited his property in Pi Kem and lived there for six years. During this period, Marius and Sura were fighting for the highest power in Rome.
Pompeii saw some rich and powerful nobles take refuge in Sura and realized that only under Sura's command could they prosper. So he took pains to run around the surrounding cities to recruit.
In a short time, he used his father's power and influence in Pi Kem to recruit a legion. On the way to Sura Barracks, he was sharp-edged and broke through the blockade of Marius' men many times.
Successfully passed through many cities and seized a large number of weapons and horses. Sura took a fancy to Pompeii, a rising military figure, and regarded him as his right-hand man. Pompeii was only 23 years old at this time.
Baidu encyclopedia-Pompeii
Second, how did the ancient city of Pompeii perish? Hello, the ancient city of Pompeii was destroyed by the eruption of Vesuvius.
The picturesque southwest coast of Italy, a towering peak overlooking the rippling bay of Naples, is the famous Vesuvius volcano. About 260 years ago, a group of Italian farmers dug canals under Mount Vesuvius.
Suddenly, the shovel seemed to hit something metal, and with a clang, something shiny appeared in the turned-out soil. "Gold coins are gold coins."
People shouted in surprise. Soon, the news spread.
More people come here to look for gold and silver treasures. People keep digging up more and more things, such as pottery, carved marble fragments and so on.
Soon, someone dug up a stone with the word "Pompeii" engraved on it. Only then did people realize that this was the ancient Roman city of Pompeii, which was buried by fire slurry after the eruption of Mount Vesuvius.
The disaster that destroyed Pompeii took place on the afternoon of August 24th, 79 AD. Residents of Pompeii, who live in stability and peace, did not expect that Mount Vesuvius, which has been in a "dormant" state since ancient times, suddenly erupted.
The deafening explosion was accompanied by thick smoke and burning magma in the crater, mixed with stones and dust. In an instant, the sky was dark and the earth shook.
The Bay of Naples also stirred up huge waves and attacked the coast. Then it began to rain cats and dogs. Mountain torrents carried stones, sediment and volcanic ash, forming a huge debris flow, rushing towards Pompeii at the foot of the mountain, and slowly the whole city of Pompeii was swallowed up.
Most of the city's more than 20,000 residents fled elsewhere, but more than 2,000 people were still killed. Thousands of years have passed, people know that there is such an ancient city of Pompeii from ancient books, history and folklore, but what it looks like and where the ruins are still a mystery.
Now the ruins of the ancient city of Pompeii have been rediscovered, which immediately attracted the attention of the whole country. Soon, Italy began to excavate the ruins of the ancient city.
After more than 200 years of intermittent excavation, this ancient city, which has been sleeping for 1900 years, has initially recovered its original appearance. Walking on the spacious and flat streets, people can appreciate the scenery of the ancient city. Pompeii covers an area of about 1.8 square kilometers and is surrounded by stone walls more than 4,800 meters long.
From south to north and from east to west, there are two straight and flat streets, which divide the whole city into nine urban areas. There are many small streets and alleys in every urban area, and the roads are paved with gravel. There are sidewalks on both sides of the street, and the width of the street is 10 meter, covered with large stone slabs.
At the intersection of the street, there is a pool carved in stone, which contains cool spring water. Spring water is introduced into the water tower in the city from the mountain outside the city through the elevated canal, and flows to the public pool and the fountain pool of Fuguiyuan respectively.
The street is lined with shops, pubs, fruit shops and grocery stalls. There is an advertisement on the wall of a shop selling sanitary ware and good wine; Another store has a banner hanging on the wall: "The fruit seller supports Priscu as a senior manager".
The most magnificent buildings in the city are concentrated around a rectangular square in the southwest of the city, which is the political, economic and religious center of Pompeii. The remaining carved marble doorframes, altars and bluestone foundations three or four feet above the ground make people imagine the grandeur of this temple.
* * * The conference hall and office of the building are very spacious and bright. The court is a rectangular two-story building with a court and a cell.
The other half of its building is allocated to businessmen as a place for trading and concluding trade agreements. Oriental spices, precious stones, China silk and African ivory are all negotiated here. The northeast corner of the square is a commodity distribution center. At that time, there were many shops here, and the goods were dazzling and the business was very prosperous.
A fruit shop shelf is full of almonds, chestnuts, figs, walnuts, grapes and other fruits; However, they have dried up and deteriorated. On the counter of a drugstore, I also found a box of pills, which had been ground into fine powder, and there was a small round medicine strip next to it.
Obviously, when the pharmacist was rubbing pills, disaster suddenly came, and he abandoned it and ran for his life. At that time, shops were often workshops. In the oven of a bakery, a piece of baked bread was left, which not only kept its original shape, but also clearly showed the name of the baker printed on it.
Pompeii has many rich houses. The gates of these buildings usually have thick marble columns and carved gatehouses.
There are statues of god beasts everywhere in corridors and gardens. The main hall, dining room and bedroom are spacious, bright and magnificent, surrounded by exquisite silver and bronze products.
There are murals on the wall and mosaics on the ground. In a rich man's living room, a mosaic was found: The Battle Map between Macedonian King Alexander and Persian Darius Iii, which was 6.5 meters wide and 3.8 3 meters high, and was made up of 6,543,800 pieces of colored glass marble, vividly depicting a scene of the Greek-Persian battle in 333 BC.
In the southeast corner of the city is a circular open-air arena, which can accommodate 20,000 spectators, which is close to the number of urban residents. There is still such handwriting on the wall: "Senatos is a hero and a murderer."
Felix will fight the bear. There is also a stadium nearby where people can compete and practice martial arts.
The most attractive thing about the ancient city is the plaster statue of the victims. It turned out that at the moment when the volcano erupted, many people who didn't escape hid in a relatively empty yard. Although they were not crushed to death by collapsed buildings, they were wrapped in volcanic ash and suffocated.
After a long time, the human body dried up and disappeared inside, leaving only some empty shells. Archaeologists used these empty shells as molds, poured gypsum slurry into them, and made many gypsum statues with the same shape as real people, which reproduced the expression of despair and pain of the victims at that time: a little girl hugged her mother's knee and cried; A beggar with a bag of coins stood on the street corner blankly; Some people dig holes in the wall and try to escape; A group of chained gladiators struggled painfully to break free.
Many people cover their faces with their hands or bend their arms to hold their heads; Some people still have bags of gold coins, silver coins and precious jewelry in their hands. However, in the face of disaster, the treasure did not bring them good luck. These rich people died with slaves ... The ancient city of Pompeii gradually unveiled its mystery and died with others.
Third, how did the ancient city of Pompeii perish? Pompeii is a very famous ancient city, and the destroyed Mount Vesuvius stands not far north of it.
Pompeii fell into the hands of the Romans in the Second Punic War and became an autonomous city of Rome in 87 BC with a population of about 20,000. The city is adjacent to the blue bay of Naples in the west and the towering Vesucci volcano in the north.
It was a big city at that time. In 63 AD, Mount Vesuvius, which had not erupted for a long time in the north, began to wake up, and a strong earthquake occurred, destroying the buildings inside the city. However, the residents did not notice that this was a harbinger of their bad luck, but built the city more magnificent.
Finally, on August 24th, 79, a devastating disaster happened. Mount Vesuvius, about ten kilometers from the city, suddenly erupted.
Hot smoke and countless sparks rose from the top of the mountain, and violent explosions continued, as if the hand of the dead god had fallen from the sky. The lava spewed out solidified into stone when it landed.
Many rocks and volcanic ash cover the ground near the volcano. Then it rained heavily, causing flash floods.
Mountain torrents carry countless stones and volcanic ash to form a huge mudslide and rush down the mountain. Pompeii, the ancient city built in the 6th century BC, was completely buried.
It was not until the18th century that people gradually uncovered Pompeii's past.
4. What is the history of Pompeii? The ancient city of Pompeii, located in the Bay of Naples, Italy, was built in the 9th century BC. At first, it was built as a barrier against foreign invasion. However, with hundreds of years of war, ethnic integration and the absorption of great Greek culture, Pompeii constantly expanded its sphere of influence.
In 80 BC, Pompeii became a colony of the Roman Empire, expanding and developing in various fields, especially in the economic field. This is mainly due to its fertile land and superior geographical location.
With the great development and prosperity of the economy, the population of Pompeii has increased significantly, and the comfortable life has become popular, beautifying the city here. There is a sports ground that can accommodate 20 thousand spectators. There are more than 30 bakeries, more than 65,438+000 bars, 3 bathrooms, a pedestrian street for trading and a theater for 5,000 people.
In the early morning of August 24th, 79 AD, Mount Vesuvius near Pompeii began to erupt. A large number of volcanic ash, lava and volcanic debris spewed from the volcano fell from the sky and poured down towards Pompeii, covering every street in the whole city, sealing every door and window of the ancient city of Pompeii, sealing the eyes and breasts of those Pompeii who survived the rubble attack, and finally they suffocated.
Most residents fled for their lives, but died of suffocation by inhaling toxic gas on the way to the seaside. Only after 18 hours, volcanic ejecta completely buried the whole ancient city of Pompeii.
Pompeii disappeared from the earth. BC16th century, people found a stone engraved with the word "Pompeii" when building a drinking water canal by the river.
/kloc-At the beginning of the 8th century, when people dug wells in a garden at the foot of Mount Vesuvius, they dug up three beautifully dressed female statues. People think that these are just cultural relics in ancient sites along the coast of Nablus Bay. No one realized that an ancient city is now completely enclosed in volcanic debris at its feet.
5. How is the ancient city of Pompeii described in history? On the picturesque southwest coast of Italy, under the famous Vesuvius volcano, an ancient Roman city-Pompeii is buried.
On the afternoon of August 24th, 79 AD, Mount Vesuvius, which has been in a "dormant" state since ancient times, suddenly erupted. Deafening explosion, billowing smoke and burning magma gushed out from the crater, carrying stones and sediment to Pompeii below, and the whole city of Pompeii was swallowed up instantly.
For thousands of years, people have always known that there is such a beautiful ancient city from the chronicles of ancient books and folklore, but what it looks like and where the ruins are still a mystery. Until the spring of 1748, a farmer named Andre was digging deep in his vineyard. He raised his hoe with a bang, as if he had dug a boulder, but no matter how hard he tried, he couldn't pull it out.
He quickly called his brother and sister-in-law for help. They dug up dirt and stones and found that the hoe had penetrated a metal cabinet. So too many cooks dug out the cabinets and opened them. It turned out to be a lot of melted and semi-melted gold and silver jewelry and ancient coins.
The news spread, and the farmers who planted grapes in this land suddenly remembered the legend of Pompeii's disappearance handed down from generation to generation, so treasure thieves flocked to attract a group of historians and archaeologists to come here for archaeology. Later, at the suggestion of experts, Italy began to organize scientists to explore the ancient city of Pompeii in an orderly way.
Vanya, a historian who participated in the excavation of Pompeii, said, "What a shocking sight! Many people died in their sleep, while others died at home. They held their arms high and gasped. Many people's bread is still in the oven, and the dog is still tied to the chain by the door; The slaves still carry ropes; There are books made of papyrus on the shelves of the library, and election slogans are posted on the walls, with words of love painted on them ... These scenes fully show how tens of thousands of creatures in the ancient city were suddenly torn alive! I felt embarrassed when I saw the bodies of men, women and children in various forms (most of them have become fossils) displayed in the sealed glass of Pompeii. Facing the eternal universe and nature, people must first respect nature, protect ecology and compete with nature. How small and powerless people are! " .
6. Who was Pompeii in ancient Roman history? Pompeii in ancient Roman history was gnaeus pompeius.
Gnaeus pompeius, also translated as Pompeius, was a famous strategist and politician in the late Roman Republic. On August 9th, 48 BC, the famous Battle of Salou was the biggest and last decisive battle between Pompeii and Caesar.
At the beginning of the war, Pompey concentrated all his cavalry on Caesar's cavalry. Seeing this, Caesar immediately sent an attack signal to the 3000 infantry who had been ambushing, so the ambush suddenly attacked and raised a spear to stab the Pompeii cavalry in the face.
Pompeii cavalry was overwhelmed and fled in confusion. Pang's left wing was completely disintegrated, and the rest of the legion saw that the left wing had been defeated. They didn't fight.
As a result, the whole army was wiped out. After the failure, Pompeii tried to find a hiding place in Egypt.
On September 28th, 48 BC, just as his ship docked, the attendants of Egyptian King Ptolemy XIII stabbed him in the back with a sword, killing him at the age of 58. Extended data:
Pompeii was born into a noble family in Rome.
His father, Strappo Pompeii, was not only an outstanding commander in chief of Rome, but also one of the representatives of optimates. In 89 BC, he served as consul and conquered Sabine and Pickennum in the Italian League War.
He owns a lot of land in Pi Kem and protects people. When Pompeii was young, he received a good education and a high cultural accomplishment, and he was deeply interested in the advanced Greek culture at that time.
Influenced by his family, he loves the military. 17 years old, with his father to suppress the Italian uprising. He completely inherited his father's mantle politically.
His father was ambitious and sought the supreme power of the country in turbulent times, which left a deep impression on Pompeii's mind. In 87 BC, Pompeii, Strappo was struck by lightning and died. Pompeii inherited his property in Pi Kem and lived there for six years.
During this period, Marius and Sura were fighting for the highest power in Rome. Pompeii saw some rich and powerful nobles take refuge in Sura and realized that only under Sura's command could they prosper.
So he took pains to run around the surrounding cities to recruit. In a short time, he used his father's power and influence in Pi Kem to recruit a legion.
On the way to Sura Barracks, he was sharp-edged and broke through the blockade of Marius' men many times. Successfully passed through many cities and seized a large number of weapons and horses.
Sura took a fancy to Pompeii, a rising military figure, and regarded him as his right-hand man. Pompeii was only 23 years old at this time.