Hu Yuan (993- 1059), Zi Yi, was a scholar, pioneer of Neo-Confucianism, thinker and educator in the Northern Song Dynasty. Hu Jiazhuang (now Rugao, Jiangsu), a native of Ninghai Township, Rugao County, Taizhou, Huainan East Road, was called Mr. Anding because he lives in Andingbao, Shaanxi Road. From two years to the first year of Jiaqing, he gave lectures at Prince Zhongshe, Guanglu Temple Cheng and Tianzhangge.

Chinese name: Hu Yuan

Mbth: Hu yuan

Alias: Mr. Anding, Hu Anding

Nationality: China (Northern Song Dynasty)

Ethnic group: Han nationality

Birthplace: Hu Jiazhuang, Ninghai Township, Rugao County, Taizhou, Huainan East Road (now Rugao, Jiangsu)

Date of birth: 993

Date of death: 1059

Occupation: Neo-Confucianism, thinker, educator.

Faith: Confucianism

Main achievements: the "stability school" of Neo-Confucianism was established.

As one of "Mr. Song's Little Three"

Establish Su Hu's teaching methods.

Representative works: Songzi County Records, Zhouyi Formula, Hong Fan Formula, The Analects of Confucius, etc.

Ancestral home: Anding Town, Zichang County, Shaanxi Province

Place of death: Hangzhou

Cemetery: huyuan Tomb in Huzhou, Zhejiang, huyuan Tomb in Rugao, Jiangsu.

The life of the character

His ancestral home is now Andingbao, Zichang County, Shaanxi Province (zhenyuan county, Gansu Province, Anding County in the Western Han Dynasty). In 993 AD (4 years in Chunhua, Song Taizong), he was born into an official family in Hu Jiazhuang, Ninghai Township, Rugao County, Taizhou, Huainan East Road. His family has been distinguished from generation to generation. The ancestor Hu Zun was a riding general of Cao Wei. Among his descendants, there are two queens and empresses, and there are more than 10 people, including 3 public officials, 9 ministers, generals and satrap. Grandfather Hu Xiu moved with his family when he joined the army in Taizhou. However, since his father, Hune, was promoted to Ninghai Navy Officer (at that time, he was an inferior officer), because of his meager salary, he stepped into the situation that "the family was poor and could not be self-sufficient".

Hu Yuan was smart and studious since childhood. At the age of 7, he is good at literature, and he learns the Five Classics at the age of 13. He is regarded as a wizard by his neighbors. Hoon said: "This child is a great weapon, very unusual!" Hu Yuan is diligent in reading, studious and ambitious, and often calls himself a saint. However, due to the decline of his family, he did not receive a good education in his early years. It was not until more than 20 years later that talents such as Sun Fu and Shijie were able to go to Taishan Mountain in Shandong Province for further study. I am determined to win here, 10 will not return, and I will study the classics of sages with great concentration. In order not to disturb his thoughts, whenever he opens a letter from home and sees the word "peace", he jumps into the mountain stream and stops reading. During this period, he studied hard and laid a solid foundation for future education. Hu Yuan, who is in his thirties, returned to his hometown from Shandong and failed seven times. At the age of 40, he gave up the idea of imperial examination and returned to Taizhou city. He founded an academy (private school) next to Huatuo Temple through Wuci (later the seat of Taizhou Middle School in Jiangsu) and named it Anding Academy after his ancestral home.

1034 (the first year of Jing _), 42-year-old Hu Yuan began to teach Confucian classics in Suzhou. Fan Zhongyan, who had always attached importance to culture and education in the former imperial court, was demoted to viceroy for opposing the abolition of legislation. The following year, after starting a county school in Nanyuan, Fan was hired as a class teacher and sent his son Fan Chunyou to worship him as a teacher. After he arrived, he made a set of strict school rules. Because Fan Gongzi can take the lead in obeying, other rich children dare not trample on it. With the well-known full support, county schools soon became a model of universities in the city.

1036, on the recommendation of Fan Zhongyan, Hu Yuan went to Kaifeng with Ruan Yi, a musician from Zhihang, and was summoned by Song Renzong, who was eager to improve elegant music, and was ordered to consult the temperament and make Zhong Qing. In the meantime, his elegant manners in line with the ancient ceremony won the appreciation of the powerful people in the DPRK and China, and he was promoted to be a school librarian after the job was done. 1040 (the first year of Kangding) In August, Fan Zhongyan, who was guarding Yanzhou (now Yan 'an), went to Shaanxi and was recommended as a military promotion officer in Danzhou (now Yichuan County). "Martial Arts Rules" was written here, advocating that the country develop martial arts to resist foreign aggression.

104 1 year (the first year of Li Qing), when Hu Yuan was transferred to Mizhou (now Zhucheng, Shandong Province) as an observer, he resigned and went home to attend the funeral because of his father's death. The following year, he returned to Baoning (now Jinhua, Zhejiang) to be an official. Soon, at the invitation of Teng Zongliang, the magistrate of Huzhou (now Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province), he went to the local state school as a lecturer, so that "people from all directions gathered and received business." In the meantime, he put forward the wise words that "the person who governs the world lies in talent, the person who becomes the world lies in enlightenment, and the person who educates people lies in the school", and created the fruitful Hu Xue.

1044 (four years in Li Qing), according to Huzhou's school-running experience, Fan Zhongyan implemented the New Deal and established the Central imperial academy. 1050 (Emperor _ 2) 165438+ In October, the imperial court decided to make gagaku again, and still invited Hu Yuan and Ruan Yi to take charge in Beijing, which took three years to complete with the support of Sima Guang and Fan. Here, the two also co-authored a three-volume portrait of the emperor _ Xinle. 1052, imperial academy Zhixue (lecturer), Jin Guanglu Temple Cheng. He was recruited as the Prince's Mansion and later became an official in the temple. During his teaching, he was welcomed and respected by students because of his profound knowledge and effective teaching.

1056 (the first year of Jia _), 64-year-old Hu Yuan was promoted to assistant lecturer of Taizi Zhongshe and Tianzhangge, and became the mentor of Huangzichao. At the same time, he also assisted the doctor to guide the examination class in imperial academy, and was responsible for learning the rules. At this time, although he was a famous minister, he always maintained equality between teachers and students, and often communicated with students, forming a "deep, practical, mellow and easy" style of study on campus. At that time, the students included many Royal Chu Jun, many well-known scholars and nearly half of the officials of the Ministry of Rites, so they won the respect of the students and North Korea, regarded him as a grandmaster, and was called "Mr. Zhen" by Zongshen.

In his later years, Hu Yuan still studied hard, was diligent in teaching and participated in the discussion of state affairs. 1059 bedridden due to overwork. Later, with the approval of Emperor Injong, he led Dr. Taichang to rest at Hu Kangren, the eldest son of Hangzhou. Before leaving, the capital was a sensation, and the sender was "a hundred miles away". Soon after, he died, was named "Zhao Wen" by the court, and was buried near Huzhou City. Wang Anshi is also known as "the hero of the world"; Fan Zhongyan was honored as "the way of Confucius and Mencius, the outstanding man of Su Hu"; Su Dongpo, a great literary master, once wrote a poem praising him, "So Su Dongpo misses the past."

In his teaching practice for several decades before his death, Hu Yuan integrated teaching theory, teaching practice and teaching reform, creating a precedent for Neo-Confucianism in the Song Dynasty. Its main contributions are as follows: (1) established the educational concept of cultivating talents who "govern the world"; Corrected the malpractice of appointing officials in the imperial court and demanded a comprehensive observation of morality, intelligence, physique and music; Implementing subject teaching; Promote universal education; Strict school rules, words and deeds; Attach importance to students' social practice and establish boarding system in colleges and universities. His posthumous works include Records of Learning in Songzi County, Zhouyi Formula, Hongfan Formula, The Analects of Confucius and Chunqiu Formula.

outline

Hu Yuan is well versed in Confucian classics, and talks about "the knowledge of body and application" with "the expectation of saints".

In his view, Confucian classics is an eternal "style", and Confucian poems and books are the "texts" of later generations; Putting body and writing into practice can "moisten things quietly and return to the emperor" and achieve the purpose of governing the country and maintaining feudal rule. This is "use".

His "knowledge of body and application" had a great influence on Neo-Confucianism in Song Dynasty.

Hu Yuan emphasized learning from the classics and managing affairs, including martial arts, water conservancy, arithmetic, calendar, etc., showing the characteristics of attaching importance to practical use.

Hu Yuan is a teacher dressed in white. His educational thoughts and methods have played an important role in history. Hu Yuan's teaching method in Su Hu was called "Su Hu Teaching Method" in history. At the celebration banquet in Song Renzong, the imperial court promoted imperial academy, and "wrote to Su and Hu to learn from him, so that he could serve imperial academy".

Hu Yuan is the author of Zhouyi Formula and Hongfan Formula, all of which are included in Sikuquanshu. There are also the Analects of Confucius and the spring and autumn formula.

Personality achievement

Teach knowledge and educate people.

Hu Yuan has been engaged in education all his life. He has taught in Taizhou, Suzhou Lake and imperial academy, Shi Jing for about 30 years, educated thousands of educatees and made great contributions to education.

Hu Yuan's educational thoughts and teaching methods are very distinctive and pioneering, and he is worthy of being a great master. His educational theory and achievements in educational practice have stood the test of a thousand years' history and are still shining. To sum up, there are roughly the following eight aspects:

Pay attention to education

Hu Yuan made it very clear at the beginning of "Records of Songzi County": "People who govern the world are talents, people who become talents in the world are educated, and people who educate are in schools."

Starting from the political goal of "ruling the world", he revealed the internal relationship among talents, education and schools, and put forward his own unique views:

First, why should we attach importance to education? Hu Yuan believes that the key to governing a country well lies in talents, and talents should be cultivated through education.

Second, how to run education well? In his view, "learning from Confucianism" is to manage and engage in education with Confucius and Mencius; Second, popularize people's education; Third, local governors should run schools. In feudal society, the people had no right, and the internal supervision mechanism of feudal regime was nominal. The political morality and cultural quality of officials at all levels are closely related to the quality of officials' management and the weight of people's burden. Cultivating real talents is of practical significance to the long-term stability of feudal society.

At the beginning of the Northern Song Dynasty, education was not prosperous and customs faded. At that time, the imperial examination system advocated flashy temperament and borrowed poetry. There was a general atmosphere of "striving for profit" in society, which ignored "education" and emphasized "taking scholars", and no schools were established in various places. In order to cultivate truly qualified talents for governing the country, Hu Yuan thought it necessary to establish a school of "diligent learning and practical learning", which was of progressive significance at that time.

Strive to correct the shortcomings of the times

In the period of Ming Dow and Baoyuan in Song Renzong, in order to correct the phenomenon of "improper" selection of scholars, only poetry and school education thought were attached importance, and the fundamental purpose of education was to cultivate talents who were proficient in classics and applications.

When Hu Yuan answered Song Shenzong's question, he said, "I have heard of the sage's way, which is tangible, cultured and useful. Your father and son, benevolence, righteousness, courtesy and joy, are unchangeable in the world and physically; It is also useful to take measures to nourish the people and return the emperor. " It is clear that "style" refers to the monarch and his son, and benevolence, righteousness, courtesy and joy are the basic moral standards of feudal society; "Use" means mastering and applying this basic moral standard to govern the country. In other words, education should not only gain fame for the imperial examination, but also cultivate talents who are proficient in Confucian classics and can be used in practice.

Hu Yuan made great efforts and achieved success in practicing the thought of "applying what he has learned", which initiated Neo-Confucianism in the Song Dynasty. At the same time, he infiltrated the idea of "understanding and using it" into educational reform, which became the theoretical basis of his educational reform and practice.

reform in education

In order to carry out the educational thought of "being clear and practical", Hu Yuan initiated the teaching system of "dividing fasting" in the educational history of China. He set up "Erzhai" to teach according to students' abilities, interests and aspirations. Jingyi mainly studies the six meridians; Governing affairs is divided into governing people, lecturing martial arts, weir water (water conservancy) and calendar calculation. Every student in the laity chooses a major subject and an additional minor subject. There is also a primary school. This bold attempt, even if students can understand the classic principles of saints, can also learn practical skills, competent for administrative, military, water conservancy and other specialized work.

Practice has proved that the reform of educational content and teaching methods is very effective and successful, and a group of professionals have been trained. For example, Sun Jue and Ni, who are good at Confucian classics, Fan Chunren and Qian Gongfu, who are good at politics, Qian Zao and Teng Yuanfa, who are good at literature and art, Miao Shou and Liu Bing, who are good at military affairs, and others who are good at water conservancy.

Education for All (EFA)?

Facing the bad style of study of "ignoring education" in the early Song Dynasty, Hu Yuan also used the historical comparison method to emphasize the importance of "learning from Confucianism" and "promoting learning". He said: "The prosperity of the school is nothing more than three generations, and the prosperity of the three generations is nothing more than weeks. Da Situ was excited by Liu De's six lines and six arts and taught all the people. Those who correct their differences will be punished, and those who behave differently will be banned. All the people who speak are French characters, and all the people who walk are German. "

At that time, there were two kinds of official schools in Song Dynasty: one was central official school, and the other was local official school (that is, state and county school). In the fourth year of Li Qing (1044), before the first campaign to promote learning, there were very few students in the central government, most of whom were bureaucratic children. It was only in the second year of Dazhong Xiangfu (1009) that Song Zhenzong allowed Qufu to set up a school in the First Confucian Temple and was awarded the title of Tianfu Academy. This was the beginning of running schools for counties, and the rest were few and far between. Therefore, Hu Yuan's loud cry that "those who are enlightened by the flood should be used in the county" is not only a strong appeal to local administrative officials, but also advice to the rulers of the Song Dynasty. Hu Yuan advocated "setting up the urgent teaching widely" and promoting local official schools, which not only enabled talents to "never leave", but more importantly, maintained the feudal rule order with the support of the people, thus achieving the goal of peace and prosperity. So, in April of the fourth year of Li Qing, Song Renzong adopted Fan Zhongyan's suggestion, opened the Tianzhangge, discussed with ministers the good strategy of rejuvenating the country, and sent a letter to the whole country, asking all states and counties to set up schools. This is completely consistent with Hu Yuan's thoughts of "learning benevolence, righteousness, rites and music" and "governing the world".

teach by precept and example

During his twenty years of teaching in Suzhou and Shanghai, Hu Yuan personally formulated a series of educational rules and regulations. For example, school work and rest regulations: generally explain the classics in the morning and repeat them 500 times after class; Explain the history in the afternoon, repeating 100 times; Explain the book in the evening and repeat it 300 times. He is not only strict with students, but also pays attention to words and deeds, stipulating the etiquette between teachers and students. He often takes the lead. In midsummer, he still sits in the class of public service all day and never slackens. On one occasion, when student Ji Xu first met Hu Yuan, his head was slightly tilted, so he was called "straight head". This made Ji Xu get an education from it, and always warned himself not only to have dignity, but also to pay attention to his own integrity.

At the same time, he is very concerned about students' lives. For example, Tao An, a student suffering from chronic diseases, gave him fatherly care. The students were very moved and said that Mr. Wang's love was like the sun in winter. In the case of clear rules and strict requirements, Hu Yuan's disciples are all "obedient and elegant" and "dressed in Rong Zhi, often similar", and outsiders will know that they are Hu Yuan's disciples at a glance. According to statistics, he has 1700 students. Hu's unique style of study and school spirit was first introduced in Jiangsu, Shanghai and other places, and then spread to imperial academy. The rules and regulations were approved by the emperor and promoted throughout the country, showing its great influence and good effect. His canon is an important document in the history of ancient education in China, which is consistent with the later "Bailudong Learning Regulations" written by Zhu.

Improve quality

Hu Yuan emphasized that students should have a good body. He often teaches students not to study at their desks immediately after eating a full meal, which is harmful to their health. He asked students to take part in physical exercise properly and learn recreational activities such as "archery" and "pot throwing" in peacetime. On the premise of attaching importance to moral education and intellectual education, he also attached importance to music education and cultivated students' spiritual sentiment with music. For example, after all kinds of exams, he often plays songs and poems with his students in Kenshantang until late at night. Usually, Zhu Zhai often sings string songs outdoors, attracting passers-by to stop and listen. Hu Yuan advocated physical education, aesthetic education and music education, which was a great pioneering work in the history of ancient education in China.

social practice

Hu Yuan not only attaches importance to book education in teaching, but also organizes students to travel to the wild and famous mountains and rivers, and incorporates this activity into the curriculum to unify educational theory and practice. He believes: "If a scholar only stays in one country, he will stay in one song, which is despicable and humble. It is conducive for scholars to travel around the world and see human feelings, north and south customs, mountains and rivers. " So he personally led his disciples from Huzhou to Tongguan, Shaanxi to close the door. Looking back, the Yellow River guards Tongguan, snakes and scorpions surge, Taihua and Zhongtiao mountains are magnificent and stretch for thousands of miles. He said generously: "This can be said to be a mountain and river. The scholar can't see it! " This proves that Hu Yuan opposes reading behind closed doors, and advocates connecting with reality, understanding society and visiting famous mountains and rivers, so as to broaden his mind and combine book knowledge with objective reality, which is conducive to realizing his educational goal-truly cultivating "reasonable" talents. At the same time, it also shows that knowledge comes from direct experience and indirect experience.

Implement "boarding system"

In the early Song Dynasty, it was stipulated that students in imperial academy could not stay overnight, mainly because there was the Imperial Book Pavilion on the right side of imperial academy, and fire control work was particularly important. Every midnight, all the lights and candles in the dormitory should be put out, and a "fire ban order" should be implemented. In the first year of Jia _ (1056), Hu Yuan and Sun Fu presided over imperial academy. In order to let students have more time to live in a collective life, they asked the relevant departments to relax the fire ban. In case of an accident, they will be responsible.

Since then, imperial academy has implemented the "boarding system". Teachers and students take turns on duty every night to urge candles to be careful. At the same time, students are required to have four holidays a month and stay at school the rest of the time. Get up and sleep every day with drums as a signal. You must ask for leave when you enter or leave the school, and you are not allowed to receive visitors or leave school at ordinary times. This boarding student system extends to qualified state and county schools, and it is still in use in today's schools, and it is becoming more and more perfect.

Throughout Hu Yuan's educational career, he did leave a rich and feasible educational system and teaching experience and made great contributions. We can not only see his dedication and dedication to self-improvement, hard struggle, taking pleasure in suffering and lifelong education, but also see his innovative courage of being diligent, seeking truth and being pragmatic, trying to correct the shortcomings of the times and being determined to reform. At the same time, we can also see his noble qualities of being indifferent to fame and fortune, worrying about the country and the people, practicing hard and teaching people tirelessly.

Outstanding ideas

Advocate the unity of heaven and man

Hu Yuan is not only a famous educator in ancient China, but also an outstanding thinker. His unique educational theory and rich social practice all stem from his profound attainments in academic thought. His academic thoughts are rich in connotation, mainly rooted in Zhouyi.

Yi-ology is a knowledge that pays attention to the way of heaven and man and the changing law of everything. Hu Yuan's Zhouyi Kouji was kept by his student Ni according to his dictation. It is characterized by a bold suspicion of classics and a new interpretation of self-reliance. According to statistics, there are more than 10 in Hu Yuan's Book of Changes. In Hong Fan Kouyi, many unreasonable annotations have also been corrected. According to the example of Song and Yuan Dynasties, Hu Yuan "speaks Yi in Risheng Hall, with a high voice and rhyme, a clear will and everyone is convinced". Ding quoted the words of Hu Yuan's students in the Record of Words and deeds: Hu Yuan spoke directly for the nation. "The court ordered imperial academy to teach the Book of Changes every day, and the teacher made it clear every time he quoted contemporary events." Undoubtedly, Hu Yuan was the authority of Yi-ology in the early Song Dynasty, the pioneer and the founder of Yi-ology in the Song Dynasty.

A Qing scholars all trace back to the source in the Song and Yuan Cases: "The art of prosperity is to stabilize Mount Tai first." 2. Adhere to the people-oriented thinking to comfort the people. Hu Yuan's way of comforting the people is to seek and use talents, educate and teach the people. He believes that no matter how capable and wise a king is, he will "advocate ignorance and make it impossible" without the assistance of a wise minister. Although he has the desire to be benevolent and love the people, he can't be benevolent in the world. Therefore, Hu Yuan said: "The world is big and there are many living beings. A sage can't rule alone, and all the sages must go hand in hand with the court to win the hearts of the people. " Recruiting the world's sages can help you implement benevolent policies, help you broaden your audience, and let you do nothing. Of course, the "people" mentioned here are only the left and right ministers of the ruling class. However, he advocated running official schools in prefectures and counties, starting with educating and cultivating local grassroots people, and striving to improve their quality. In particular, Hu Yuan said in "On People-oriented" in Zhouyi Kouyi: "Don't worry about yourself, those who worry are the world, and those who are happy are the world." This is actually consistent with Fan Zhongyan's thought of "worrying about the world first, and enjoying the world later".

Advocate the unity of knowing and doing

Hu Yuan also advocated the combination of theory and practice. When he was teaching "Three Rites" (Zhou Li, Yi Li, Li Ji), because the ritual items recorded in it had long been lost and there were no intuitive teaching tools for students to observe, he made a wall chart and hung it in the lecture hall to make students intuitive and enhance their memory and understanding. In addition, students are also organized to go out of the classroom, travel far and near, visit famous mountains and rivers, broaden their horizons and realize the unity of book knowledge and social practice.

Historical position

Hu Yuan's personality and achievements in his life were not only fully affirmed by the Northern Song Dynasty and admired by students and scholars in the Northern Song Dynasty, but also admired by later generations.

Mr. Hu Anding, appointed by Song Shenzong, praised and said, "A gentleman's way leads to Confucius and Mencius. The teacher's teaching, in Suhu. Respect for teachers, such as Mount Tai, is unique to Qunfeng. Strict law and faithfulness, such as endless seasons, live in imperial academy, admire in all directions and follow thousands of miles away. Called into the heavenly chapter, assisted the first emperor, served the world and did his duty faithfully. Rule things with righteousness, and use them for the people. Deliberating and having fun, bowing with Dillian. Still so, it is also the spring breeze of ancient times. Advocate the right path and learn from it. Who doesn't think of the public? A model of sincerity and gentleness, admired by future generations! "

Many famous sages in the Song Dynasty, such as Fan Zhongyan, Ouyang Xiu, Su Shi, Cai Xiang, Mi Fei, Sima Guang, Wang Anshi, Zhu, Wen Tianxiang, etc., all praised him as "the leader", "the model of Southeast China", "the originator of Mu Duo in the Three Dynasties", "the hero of one hundred emperors" and "since the Qin and Han Dynasties". When Mr. Yi and Yu become one, it is not far away. " Put Hu Yuan and Kong Meng on an equal footing.

In the ninth year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty (1530), Emperor Shizong of the Ming Dynasty issued an imperial edict, honoring Hu Yuan as "the first Confucian beard" and "worshipping Confucius Temple". The brand of "the rank of the first Confucianism" is still lined with the tablets of the first Confucianism such as Han Yu and Zhu.

Hu Yuan, Sun Fu and Shijie were called "Mr. Song's Mistress" and "Mr. Neo-Confucianism" in history. Neo-Confucianism, also known as Song Studies, is the philosophical thought of Confucianism in the Song Dynasty. Confucianism in the Han Dynasty focused on exegesis of famous things, while Confucianism in the Song Dynasty was mostly explained by righteousness, hence the name Neo-Confucianism. Hu Yuan insisted on simple materialism, opposed idealism, and thought that "life belongs to heaven, and life belongs to me", which initiated the study of Confucian life in Song Dynasty. Taking the traditional Confucian ethics as the core, he boldly questioned, self-reliant and re-recognized, which created the Yi-ology in the Song Dynasty. The internal relations among sex, fate, heaven, man, politics and religion are comprehensively expounded, and a life theory with individual characteristics is formed, which occupies an important position in the history of ancient China thought. "The Song and Yuan Cases" written by Qing people all said: "The skill is strong, and the stability of Mount Tai is the first. Mr. Cheng and Mr. Zhu are both the same." In this paper, "Steady Mount Tai" is called South School because Hu Yuan gave lectures in the south in the early Song Dynasty, and North School because Sun Fu and Shi Jie gave lectures in the north, also known as Taishan School. "Mr. Cheng and Mr. Zhu" refers to Cheng Yi and Zhu. Among them, Cheng Yi is a student of Hu Yuan and Zhu is a student of Cheng Yi.

Although Hu Yuan, Sun Fu and Shi Jie are recognized as the "Three Masters of Neo-Confucianism" in the modern Ci Hai, they also said: "In fact, the founders of Neo-Confucianism were Zhou Dunyi, Shao Yong, Zhang Zai and two brothers (Hao and Yi) until Zhu Cai was established. Hu Yuan, Sun Bin and Shijie were completely excluded from Neo-Confucianism. Hu Yuan's descendants in Rugao have been handed down for 35 generations, and his couplet has been handed down from generation to generation as "the voice of saints and philosophers in his hometown" or "the voice of saints and philosophers in Su Hu". In the Ancient Books Department of Nanjing Library, the author was fortunate to see the manuscript of Jiangsu Provincial Records compiled by 1933 and Jiangsu Local Records published by 1937, both of which recorded: "Hu Yuan, a pioneer of Neo-Confucianism, was finally influenced by Cheng Er. "This should be the most historical positioning.

Personality influence

Hu Yuan's works are rich in his life, but most of them are scattered in the world, rarely handed down from generation to generation, and most of them are compiled from the records of his owners. Book of Changes 12, Hong Fan's Formula 3, Music Works 3 (co-written with Ruan Yi), and the rest have been lost.

Zhu, a famous thinker in the Song Dynasty, compiled the "good words and deeds" of ancient sages and celebrities into a children's book "Primary School", which recorded Hu Yuan's teaching activities and deeds in detail, and he thought it could be used as "the eternal law". In the second year of Song Dynasty (1226), Taizhou also established the "Anding Lecture Hall", where Hu Yuan gave lectures. Bachelor Cheng of Ming Dynasty asserted: "Since Qin and Han Dynasties, there has never been a teacher." In the ninth year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty (1530), Sejong officially worshipped Hu Yuan as "the first Confucian beard". Taizhou also established the Gong Hu Temple in the location of the "Anding Lecture Hall" to commemorate the sage Hu Yuan. Qing Qianlong five years (1740), renamed as "Gong Hu Academy". In the second year of Jiaqing (1797), Gong Hu Temple was moved to the south foot of Yuedun in Taizhou, and there are three existing temples, which are listed as cultural relics protection units in Taizhou. Huang Zongxi, a beginner in Qing Dynasty, directly inherited Hu Yuan's "honest and practical learning" and created a new style of study, namely "practical learning theory" advocated by Hu Yuan.

Hu Yuan's educational theory and practice not only had exemplary significance at that time, but also influenced later generations and set up a monument in the history of education in China. No wonder his name and "Su Hu Teaching Method" are widely known and enjoy a high reputation. At present, there are many people who study Hu Yuan and his educational methods, and foreign scholars such as Singapore and Malaysia are involved. Authoritative works such as Biographies of Famous Educators at Home and Abroad, China History Dictionary, China Names Dictionary, China Thinkers of Past Dynasties, Encyclopedia of China, Ci Hai and Ci Yuan have all made great contributions to Hu Yuan. Of course, Hu Yuan was, after all, a scholar and educator in feudal society, and his thoughts and actions could not be branded with the feudal ruling class. However, a historical and fair evaluation, taking its essence and discarding its dross can serve the construction of socialist material civilization and spiritual civilization.

Personal work

overhanging cliff

Li Bai likes to travel around the mountains.

The wall of the king of poetry, the sound of Taohuazhou.

English words are in no order, you come for 300 years.

Princes are also Fan Yan, and sects are the crown of Zhou Nan.

During this period, among the newly-built houses, nymphs are the most beautiful.

Bamboo sound irrigation view, mountain light storage.

Fairy air is fluttering, and the Confucian style is also leisurely.

Later generations are handsome, and their words are salty and refined.

I have come to the stone wall, and I can't stop rewarding it.

Taste Bixi water and drink gold.

Because I admire Wang Junju, I think twice about Wang Juntou.

Speaking of Jing Qing's prosperity, it is vast and the sky is full of clouds.

Non-silver hooks are scattered on different embroidered parts of the Fiji seal.

Ordinary and immortal poems, eternal romantic.

Five old photos of Suiyang

At first, he was in a room with Youlie, and Five Blessingg wore a horned crown.

In the afternoon, mountains and rivers follow the main road, and society shifts to poor Huan.

Dare to peep at the strong barbarians in midsummer, courtiers are suspicious and afraid of the cold.

The rhyme of hip joint songs is still there, but I only saw it from my junior year.

write

In the Ming Dynasty, Cheng once said in the Textual Research of Zhengsi Canon that scholars at that time "thought that (Hu Yuan) wrote less than _ Luo". However, according to the catalogue books such as History of Song Dynasty, Art and Literature, there are as many as thirteen kinds of Hu Yuan's writings, which is not less. These thirteen works are Zhouyi Kouji, Hongfan Kouji, Xinle Di Tu, Complete Interpretation of Shangshu, You Jing Yue Fu Memorial, Yuefu Di Shi, Chunqiu Kouji, Chunqiu Essence, Mr. Hu's Doctrine of the Mean, The Book of Good and Evil and Martial Arts. Unfortunately, except Zhouyi Kouji, Hongfan Kouji and Huang _ Xinle Tuji, all other books have been lost.

Commemoration of future generations

Rugao anding square

Anding Square, located in the former Rugao Gymnasium, was built in 2003, and named after Hu Yuan (Anding), a sage and great educator in the Northern Song Dynasty.

rugao anding primary school

Anding Primary School in Rugao City, Jiangsu Province was founded in A.D. 1747, and was named after Hu Yuan, a famous educator in the Northern Song Dynasty. The school was formerly known as "Anding Lecture Hall" and "Anding Academy", which is known as "Millennium Academy, a century of stability".