2. Nanjing was formerly known as Yecheng, Yuecheng, Shicheng, Baixia, Jiangning, Danyang, Jinling, Moling, Jianye, Yangzhou, Jianye, Jiankang, Qinhuai, Shengzhou, Jiangzhou, Shangyuan, Qing Ji, Yingtian, Shi Jing, Du Nan, Tianjing and the capital.
Nanjing, referred to as "Ning", was called Jinling and Jiankang in ancient times. It is the capital of Jiangsu, a sub-provincial city and the core city of Nanjing metropolitan area. It is an important central city in eastern China, an important scientific research and education base in China, and a comprehensive transportation hub approved by the State Council.
There are 1 1 districts in the city, with a total area of 6587km? The built-up area of 20 17 is 1398.69km? With a permanent population of 8.335 million and an urban population of 6.8589 million, the urbanization rate is 82.3%, making it the only mega-city in the Yangtze River Delta and East China.
Nanjing is located in the east of China, in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and near the river. It is the headquarters of China Eastern Theater Command, the shipping and logistics center of yangtze river international, an important national gateway city driven by the Yangtze River Delta radiation, and an important node city where the eastern coastal economic belt and the Yangtze River economic belt meet strategically.
Nanjing is one of the four ancient capitals in China, one of the first national historical and cultural cities and an important birthplace of Chinese civilization. China Zhengshuo was blessed several times in history. It is the only one of the four ancient capitals that has never been the capital of an alien regime, and has long been the political, economic and cultural center of southern China.
There were ancient human activities in Nanjing as early as100-1.20 thousand years ago, and there was Nanjing ape-man life in Tangshan 350 thousand-600 thousand years ago. With a history of more than 7,000 years of civilization, nearly 2,600 years of city construction and nearly 500 years of capital construction, it is known as "the ancient capital of the Six Dynasties" and "the metropolis of the Ten Dynasties".
The administrative division map of Nanjing is shown in the following figure:
Extended data:
The development of history
About 7000-8000 years ago, primitive Neolithic villages, represented by Beiyinying culture, appeared, and agricultural civilization has emerged in Qixia area today. More than 200 Neolithic sites dating back more than 6,000 years have been discovered in Yinyangying, north of Gulou Gang, and Qimiao, Taowu Township, Jiangning District, and a large number of stone-bone pottery and daily utensils have been unearthed.
3000 years ago, there were dense primitive settlements in Qinhuai River basin, which were called lake ripe culture. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the earliest cities in Nanjing were formed on the basis of these settlements.
3 100 years ago, Nanjing was the fief of the Western Zhou Dynasty. In 57 1 BC, the state of Chu had set up Tangyi in Liuhe today, which was the earliest place with historical records in Nanjing and the beginning of the construction of Nanjing. By 20 18, it has been 2589 years.
At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, Fu Cha, the king of Wu, built a smelting city and set up a handicraft workshop for smelting and casting bronzes in the present Tiangong area. In 473 BC, after Wu was destroyed by the state of Yue, Yuecheng was built on the long street outside the present Zhonghua Gate. In 333 BC, Chu Weiwang Xiong Shang built Jinling City in Stone Town, hence the name of Jinling.
In 229, Sun Quan, Emperor Wu, established the capital here and changed Moling into Jianye. Since then, Song, Qi, Liang and Chen of the Eastern Jin and Southern Dynasties have successively established their capitals here, so Nanjing is known as the "ancient capital of the Six Dynasties". Today, there are Jiankang City ruins under Nanjing Library and Six Dynasties Museum.
During the Six Dynasties, Jiankang City was the largest city in the world at that time, with a population of one million. It is the first city in the world with a population of over one million. China ancient culture was preserved in Nanjing by the Han nationality through the southern crossing of Yiguan. During the Six Dynasties, Nanjing and Rome were both called "the two centers of world classical civilization", and the culture of the Southern Dynasties, represented by Jiankang, had a far-reaching influence in human history.
Jiankang City in the Six Dynasties occupies an important position in the history of the development of the ancient capital of China, and it is the first example of the axisymmetric layout of the capital. Its plane layout and architectural form have a far-reaching impact on later generations, deeply affecting East Asian countries. Taicheng, the Forbidden City in the Six Dynasties, was imitated by the capitals of the Northern Wei Dynasty and East Asian countries, connecting the Qin and Han Dynasties with the Sui and Tang Dynasties, which profoundly influenced the shape of capital construction in later generations.
During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Nanjing was deliberately belittled by the north, but its geographical advantages made the economy and culture of this area grow and develop continuously. Poets such as Li Bai, Liu Yuxi, Du Mu and Li Shangyin have lived and visited here.
After the demise of the Tang Dynasty, the Southern Tang Dynasty made Jinling its capital and expanded the city. There are wars in China in the north, but since Yang Wu, there has been no major war in the territory for more than 70 years. There are many fairs on both sides of Qinhuai River, and economic prosperity is accompanied by cultural development. Poetry, calligraphy and painting are handed down from generation to generation.
Jinling in Song and Yuan Dynasties was the economic center of southeast China. Wang Anshi, a politician in the Northern Song Dynasty, served as the magistrate of Jiangning for three times and settled here until his death. 1 129, Zhao Gou, Song Gaozong changed jiangning house into Jiankang House, which was the capital of Jiangnan East Road. 1 138 decided to make Jiankang the capital. Yue Fei, a famous soldier in the Southern Song Dynasty, once defeated the Jin army in Niushoushan, Nanjing, and there are remnants of his old anti-Jin base.
In the Yuan Dynasty, it was changed to Qing Ji Road. There are two weaving and dyeing bureaus in the city, which organize mass production of silk products. There are more than 6,000 professional craftsmen. Nanjing Yunjin became the royal articles of Yuan Dynasty, and Nanjing became the textile center of Jiangnan.
1356, Qing Ji was captured by Zhu Yuanzhang and changed to Tianfu. 1368 The Ming Dynasty was established with Nanjing as its capital, and Nanjing became the political, economic and cultural center of China, which ushered in the second peak in history.
At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Shi Jing had a total population of about 700,000, which was the largest and most populous city in China at that time and the largest city in the world. The Ming City Wall in Nanjing, which lasted for 27 years, is the largest city wall in the world. There are nearly 10,000 students in imperial academy at the foot of Jilong Mountain, and students from Japan, North Korea, Annan, Ryukyu and other countries are studying here.
1402, in order to seize the throne of Wen Jian, Judy launched the battle of Jingnan. After capturing Jingnan, she proclaimed herself emperor and changed to Yongle. 142 1 year, Judy officially moved to Beijing, changed Nanjing to stay as the capital, set up six Nanjing departments and other institutions, and implemented the dual-Beijing system. Yingtianfu (Nanjing) and Shuntianfu (Beijing) are collectively called the second Beijing government. 1430, Zheng He set sail from Nanjing Longjiang Pass (now Shimonoseki Pass), led more than 27,000 officers and men, and sailed the 6 1 treasure ship, starting his seventh voyage.
In the middle of Ming Dynasty, Nanjing, with a population of 6,543.8+200,000, was the largest capital city in the world at that time. During the Wanli period, Matteo Ricci, a western missionary, wrote in his Biography of Matteo Ricci: "It is dazzling to see Nanjing as a big city ... Nanjing in the Ming Dynasty was extremely magnificent, comparable to any largest capital in Europe in the19th century.
1644, after Zhu Youjian was martyred in the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yousong was controlled by four towns in Nanjing in May of the same year, renamed "Hong Guang" and established the Nanming regime. 1645, after the Qing army came to Jiangnan and captured Nanjing, it abolished the status of the capital and changed Tianfu to jiangning house, becoming the capital of jiangnan province. Nanjing has become the headquarters of the Governor-General of the Two Rivers, which governs the military and political affairs of Jiangsu (including Shanghai), Anhui and Jiangxi provinces.
Nanjing is also very important economically. Jiangning Weaving Factory is a large building established in Nanjing, which produces silk products to meet the needs of the royal family.
1842 After the defeat of the Opium War, in August of the same year, the Qing government signed the first unequal treaty "treaty of nanking" in China's modern history on the British warship "Kanghuali" on the Xiaguan River in Nanjing, and the modern history of China began.
1853, the Taiping Army conquered Nanjing, established the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom and renamed Tianjing, 1 1 year as its capital. This is the first peasant war in the history of China, which rose in the south and spread all over China. It is also an unprecedented peasant war in the history of the world.
1911February 29th, 17 Provincial Uprising elected Sun Yat-sen as interim president in Nanjing, and the Republic of China was founded. 19 12 On New Year's Day, the provisional government of the Republic of China was established in Nanjing, and Sun Yat-sen was sworn in as the provisional president. 1927 On March 24th, the National Revolutionary Army conquered Nanjing in the Northern Expedition.
/kloc-In April of 0/8, Nanjing National Government was established with Nanjing as its capital, and Nanjing Special City was established in the same year. 1930 was changed to the city (municipality directly under the central government) under the jurisdiction of this hospital. The decade from 1927 to 1937, when Nanjing was the capital, was called "golden decade" of China. During this period, Nanjing carried out large-scale capital construction, which laid a good foundation for the development of modern cities in Nanjing.
By 1937, the urban population of Nanjing had increased to more than1000000, making it one of the six largest cities in China. 1937 12 13, Nanjing fell, and the Japanese army carried out a large-scale massacre in Nanjing and its vicinity for more than 40 days, known as the Nanjing Massacre in history.
1945 At 9: 00 on September 9th, the surrender ceremony of China Theater in World War II was held in the auditorium of Nanjing Central Army Military Academy, and Japan declared its unconditional surrender. 1946 In May, the National Government was still the capital of Nanjing.
1949 On April 23rd, the People's Liberation Army captured Nanjing, which was liberated and became one of the municipalities directly under the Central Government at the beginning of the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC). 1September, 952, it merged with the administrative regions of southern Jiangsu and northern Jiangsu to form Jiangsu Province. 165438+1October 15, Nanjing was changed to the provincial capital city. 1953 65438+ 10/0/The People's Government of Jiangsu Province was established, and Nanjing was changed from a provincial city to the capital of Jiangsu Province. 1February, 1994, the central government made it clear that the administrative level of Nanjing was sub-provincial.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Nanjing