The drying shrinkage of geopolymer is one of the important factors that restrict the engineering application of geopolymer materials. Through experiments and theoretical analysis, the causes of obvious drying shrinkage of metakaolin-based polymers are discussed, the internal relationship between drying shrinkage and microstructure of geopolymers is clarified, and the basic methods to control drying shrinkage of geopolymers are put forward to improve the durability of geopolymers. Drying shrinkage refers to the phenomenon that the water in concrete evaporates and loses continuously and becomes dry from the inside out due to external dryness or high temperature after concrete is hardened.