I. Introduction
With the continuous improvement of computer hardware performance and software level, computer-aided design was born and popularized in the 1990s. The wave of new technology brought by it has swept the world rapidly, which has brought great influence to people's production and life. Computer aided design is the abbreviation of CAD. It combines the efficient computing power and graphics processing power of modern computers with traditional engineering design methods for design and analysis, and becomes a new discipline combining computer technology with industrial design methods. In this way, computer-aided design replaces the traditional working mode and greatly reduces the labor force. It will become an important symbol to measure the technical level of enterprises in the future, and it is also an inevitable trend of the development of enterprise design industry in the future. AutoCAD is a software developed by Autodesk company. It has powerful editing function, rich drawing commands and good human-computer interaction interface, which makes it easier for non-computer professionals to master and use. Therefore, AutoCAD has been widely used in design and engineering fields all over the world. This paper introduces the author's experience and skills in using AutoCAD software in many years' engineering drawing work.
Second, common skills
The following focuses on four skills: establishing a default template, establishing a suitable series of block libraries, correctly using Word and Excel to simplify the work, and applying AutoCAD files to other documents. These skills are summed up through the author's years of work, and can also bring convenience to readers' work.
(A) the establishment of the default template
Default template is essential in engineering drawing, and there is a standard default panel library in AutoCAD software library. It covers all kinds of templates commonly used by users, and ordinary users can easily find what they need. But specific to an industry or a specific project, users need to handle it well. Let's make a rough template before drawing. It includes the following two aspects:
1. Standard drawings, including marking frames and labels, will be prepared first.
2. Define the commonly used layers, colors, line types, line widths, text types and annotation types in advance. When defining layers and lines, we should first consider dividing contours, features, stratigraphic boundaries, water systems, exploration projects, etc. According to their attributes, then set lines and entities with the same attributes on the same layer, and edit each layer separately to make the lines and colors of the shapes on these layers consistent with the layers. This greatly simplifies the tedious and repetitive work and brings convenience to the inspection and audit work.
(B) the establishment of appropriate block library series
Graphic files often occupy a lot of space, sometimes reaching tens of megabytes, which brings difficulties to editing, printing and saving graphics. In engineering drawing, using AutoCAD software to insert blocks can make the work easier and faster, and solve the problem that graphics files occupy a large memory space. Because of the different lithology of exposed strata in different areas, the legend library file in AutoCAD may not be suitable for all units. Therefore, according to the specific purposes and needs, establish or modify the legend library. We can make tiles out of symbols commonly used in our geological specialty, and call them out directly in any proportion when using them. This not only speeds up editing, simplifies operation, but also standardizes and standardizes drawings.
(C) the correct use of Word and Excel can simplify the work.
In the process of engineering drawing, it is often necessary to draw some tables at work. Although it can be operated by commands in AutoCAD software, AutoCAD is not good at tabulation after all. If you use AutoCAD software to draw directly, on the one hand, the efficiency is low, on the other hand, the text typesetting is difficult. At the same time, you can't do all kinds of calculations, which is easy to make mistakes. Using AutoCAD to support object linking and embedding, Word and Excel can be inserted into AutoCAD files, but there are two problems: on the one hand, if you need to modify, you need to enter Word and Excel every time, and then exit Word and Excel after modification. On the other hand, some special symbols are difficult to input, such as rebar symbols. Through continuous study and exploration, we can make tables in Word and Excel in advance and then return to AutoCAD software environment, choose selective paste under the edit menu, and choose AutoCAD entity options during the paste process. Through a series of operation tables, it is transformed into AutoCAD entity, and then the entity is decomposed and edited by explode command. If the explode command cannot be expanded, the system may be infected with the virus program acad.lsp based on AutoLISP language.
Similarly, when surveying and mapping exploration points, geological points, test points and profile topographic points in the field, the amount of data is large. If you only use the command prompt when drawing with AutoCAD software, it will not only waste time, but also make mistakes easily, and once mistakes are made, it will be very troublesome to modify them. In order to avoid the above problems, we can use Excel spreadsheet to work and save it in *. After the work in csv format is completed. Then when running the AutoCAD command line, open the file in word and copy it to the command prompt for operation.
(4) Apply AutoCAD files to other documents.
The above introduces some skills and convenience of inserting Word and Excel into AutoCAD files. Inserting graphics from AutoCAD files into word is also very useful. In our daily work, we often need to make some graphics in word, including flow charts. Word itself provides some simple graphics, but it is far from meeting the actual needs. When we write a report, if there are pictures and texts, it will be very substantial. Therefore, this paper briefly introduces some skills of inserting graphics from AutoCAD into word. There are output options in the file options of AutoCAD software. We can use the output option to output files in other formats, such as bitmap format, picture format and so on. In the process of image output, we may find that the previous circle has become a polygon, which is a normal phenomenon. Because the circle is fitted by polygons, we can use the "VIEWRES" command to adjust the parameters during the operation, thus changing the graphic quality.
(5) Add font style to solve the problem of garbled code.
Many users are confused when using AutoCAD to look at pictures, because the software prompts that the font is missing and the code is garbled. This is because the font used by the painter is not installed on the user's computer, so the font can't be displayed and the picture can't be viewed or printed normally. There are two ways to solve this problem.
1. Import fonts directly to eliminate garbled characters.
Many fonts can be downloaded from the website, so we can search online by inputting AutoCAD fonts or directly inputting font names. Then, we download fonts through download software such as Thunder. Just downloaded fonts are often compressed files to save space, so be sure to decompress the font files. Copy the decompressed font file to the installation directory of AutoCAD software. If there is no change, it will be the Autodesk or AutoCAD folder in the Programfiles under drive C. Find the font in this folder. We will copy all the extracted font files into this folder. Restarting AutoCAD again can open files with unknown characters normally. Of course, you can also select a font file when the Unknown Font dialog box pops up. If the prompt font does not match, you can enter: Command:C Command:style at the command line to customize it.
2. Use new fonts to eliminate garbled characters.
The method of importing fonts directly is simple and easy to use, but it also has some shortcomings. On the one hand, fonts that need to be downloaded often take up a lot of space, ranging from several hundred megabytes to several gigabytes. On the other hand, even if the font is downloaded, the required font may not be available in the font. The author found a simple method in his work. Now let's briefly introduce it. When a large number of question marks or other garbled words are found during the operation, we first click "Format" to open the text editor. After opening the editing dialog box, click New to create a new font style and name it yourself. This is to choose an existing font and then set the font size at will.
(6) Use of bird's-eye view function
Aerial view is the most commonly used function in AutoCAD software. Beginners can use the bird's eye view to quickly select a specific position of the view, and the graphic window will change accordingly. The use of bird's-eye view saves the graphic regeneration caused by frequent window zooming, which simplifies the editing process.
(7) Use the clear command to clear the unused settings in the drawing.
Many layers and blocks are used in our drawings. Now we have saved the file, and these contents are also saved in the file. The next time we open the file, these contents still exist, which will make our files take up more and more space and the operation speed will be slower and slower. In order to delete these stored contents, we can use the purge command before each save.
Three. abstract
With the development of computer technology, AutoCAD drawing technology has gradually entered a mature stage, and will become one of the most commonly used software in the design field. With the help of AutoCAD's powerful auxiliary graphic design and 3D solid modeling function, designers can draw various engineering drawings. These drawings are previewed and demonstrated by AutoCAD in the form of three-dimensional animation. Through continuous learning and mastering the application of AutoCAD software, the current drawing work has become more relaxed and efficient.