1895, Hitler was 6 years old. His father sent Hitler to a public school, and he always got good grades in primary school. It happened that Hitler's father retired from customs at the age of 58. In the next four years, he moved to many villages near Linz. By the time Hitler 12 was old, he had moved to seven places and changed to five schools. Hitler studied in a Benedictine monastery near lambach for two years. He joined the choir and took singing lessons. According to his own records, he dreams of becoming a priest in the future.
1 1 years old, Hitler was sent to Linz to attend middle school. This requires the father to spend a little money, which also shows that the father intends to let his son go his own way-to be a civil servant. But this is the last thing Hitler wants to do. He had an argument with his father. Hitler wanted to be a painter. As a result of this conflict, Hitler stopped studying hard at school. Hitler had to transfer to Hitel National Middle School, which was quite far from Linz, before he got his due certificate. He stayed there for a short time and left without graduation.
1905, 16 Hitler became keen on politics. He had a strong hatred for all the non-Germanic peoples of the Habsburg Dynasty and the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and he also had an equally strong love for all the Germanic peoples. He became an unrepentant fanatical Germanic nationalist and suddenly began to like reading. He joined the Association of Adult Education Libraries and Museums in Linz and borrowed a lot of books. His young friend recalled that he was always buried in books, and his favorite reading was about German history and works.
1906, after Hitler celebrated 17' s birthday, he tried to persuade his mother to allow him to study at Vienna Art Institute. At 1907 and 1908, it was rejected twice by Vienna Art Institute. After his parents died, Hitler's life became more and more difficult. Later, because of the conscription in Austria-Hungary, a multi-ethnic country he hated, he fled to Munich and had to wander and beg in the streets of Vienna to make a living by selling paintings, and sometimes he was hired to sweep snow and carry luggage.
1 909165438+1October, he came to Vienna less than1year, and had to give up the house he rented in Simon Dank Hutong. For the next four years, he lived in a chicken feather shop with only bunks, or in Murderman Street in Vienna's 20th district on the Danube, lived in almost the same simple single dormitory, and spent his hunger days by patronizing porridge stations. Hitler said that he would be a "painter" for at least some time, but he didn't elaborate on this job in his autobiography. 1909, 19 10, the condition has slightly improved, so I don't need to do ordinary hourly work. At this time, he began to be a sketch painter and watercolor painter. 19 13 before moving to Munich, Germany, he had no fixed job and became a fanatic of nationalism and anti-Semitism. Before the war broke out, the Austro-Hungarian government asked Hitler who stayed in Munich to return to China to join the army. After Hitler returned to Austria-Hungary, he pretended to be ill and failed the physical examination, and then returned to Bavaria.
1965438+In August 2004, when World War I broke out, Hitler volunteered to join the Bavarian Reserve Infantry Regiment 16 Regiment in Germany, and fought against the British and French allied forces on the western front, and successively participated in the first battle of Ipsos, the Battle of Somme, the Battle of Aras and the Battle of Baschinda.
19 17 was promoted from "messenger" to first-class soldier, and won an "iron cross first-class medal" and an "iron cross second-class medal" for bravery in combat. I once told his soldiers in an army that he didn't like talking to people in the army and received few letters. Hitler's thigh was injured by a shell in the Battle of the Somme in 19 16, and he returned to the battlefield in 19 17.
191810/October 14, near the village of Wilwick, Hitler was attacked by mustard gas and temporarily lost his sight. During this recovery period, Germany announced its surrender to the Allies.
1965438+In July 2009, Hitler was ordered to go to the shelter in Lechfield with other "scouts" to eliminate Spartak's ideological tendency among German prisoners captured during the war.
19 19 In September, Hitler received an order from the Army Political Department to investigate a small political group calling itself the "German Workers' Party". In this way, Hitler met with the party of only 54 party member as a spy for the first time. The party's program is socialism, nationalism and anti-Semitism. Because Hitler was listening to the speech of the small party at the meeting, he denounced a sentence, that is, Bavaria should leave Prussia and form a Republic with Austria, which immediately attracted the attention and interest of the participants. Two days later, Hitler suddenly received a postcard informing him that he had been invited to join the German Workers' Party. At first, he felt "angry and funny". But after careful consideration, Hitler decided to become the 96th party member of the party and the 7th member of the presidium of the party. Hitler took the most decisive step in his life.
After Hitler joined the German Workers' Party, he devoted himself enthusiastically to the party's work while performing his duties as an investigator. He engaged in various social contacts, published the notice of the Party in the nationalist publication Munich Observer, organized mass gatherings, delivered speeches to publicize himself, and made every effort to expand the influence of the Party. Hitler showed his speech skills at the mass rally and tried his best to incite hatred against the sinners and Jews of the Treaty of Versailles and 1 1 to the college students, small business owners and military officers attending the meeting. His speech is easy to understand, so his audience, especially the soldiers in the war, feel very cordial, which also keeps them highly enthusiastic. In this way, the mass rally organized by Hitler quickly became famous. The content of his speech, language talent and eloquent arguments quickly attracted a large number of followers, and the Nazi party immediately took him with new eyes. The chairman of the Nazi Party pushed his way through the crowd and appointed Hitler as "Minister of Propaganda". When Hitler was in power, he set out to further consolidate his position in the party, and he rearranged the daily management of the party. Then, together with the party chairman, he drafted 25 new party programs with anti-Semitism, nationalism and social demands as the keynote, from which almost everyone can benefit except Jews. In order to attract the masses, he took advantage of the prevalence of nationalism and socialism in Germany at that time and officially renamed the German Workers' Party as the "National Socialist German Workers' Party", that is, the Nazi Party. The party program and party name were announced to the public at the mass meeting on February 24, 1920.
1920 on March 3 1 day, Hitler retired from the army, and then he devoted all his energy to the work of the party. He designed party flag and party emblem, and with the support of sponsors, he bought the People's Observer in Munich and provided his own organ newspaper for the party. During this period, a group of people from all walks of life who were impressed by Hitler's knowledge, courage and amazing eloquence joined the ranks of the Nazi Party, which suddenly strengthened its strength. Due to Hitler's active activities, the Nazi Party grew rapidly in a year.
1921July, Hitler went to Berlin to establish contact with nationalists in northern Germany and expand the Nazi movement to the whole country. At this time, some people in the party opposed his leadership. Hitler immediately rushed back to Munich and threatened to quit the Nazi party, forcing the party to agree that he would be the head of state and enjoy the power to command everything. He also revised party constitution, abolished the Party Committee, abolished the electoral system, established the principle of leadership, developed dictatorship, and changed the name of the Party to the National Socialist Workers' Party, or the Nazi Party for short. . Soon, Hitler became the leader of the Nazi Party.
1On October 22nd, the Nazi Party held its first congress in Munich. At this point, Hitler finally transformed a club that was originally devoted to talking about things into a mass organization and became one of the most important and famous members.
1922 10, the contradiction between Bavaria and the central government in Berlin intensified, and Hitler was determined to take advantage of this contradiction. He asked the Bavarian state government to March on Berlin before Berlin attacked Munich. Hitler thought the timing was in his favor. He insisted on following the example of Italian dictator Mussolini's "March into Rome" to seize power, and began to plan "March into Berlin" to establish an autocratic regime in which he personally exercised dictatorship. However, the head of the Bavarian government was indecisive and had no intention of acting according to Hitler's wishes. 1923165438+1On the evening of October 8, Hitler launched a riot in the beer hall, which ended in failure. The government ordered the banning of the Nazi Party and the closure of its newspapers. .
1925 65438+1On October 4th, Hitler visited the Bavarian Prime Minister after he was released from prison, and admitted that the coup of 1923 was a mistake and promised to abide by the law in the future. In this way, in February, the Bavarian government lifted the ban on the Nazi Party and its organ newspaper People's Observer. On February 26th, People's Observer was officially reissued. On February 27th, the Nazi Party was formally rebuilt, and Hitler gained the position of dictator, but he was forbidden to speak in public.
During the period of 1928, the Nazi Party gradually became a "political party with a group of cadres who could take over government affairs". After experiencing considerable difficulties, Hitler reorganized the stormtroopers into an armed group with hundreds of thousands of members. Its task was to protect rallies held by the Nazi Party, disrupt rallies of other political parties and intimidate those who opposed Hitler. Hitler once again established the SS and asked them to swear allegiance to him.
1929 A world economic crisis in June provided Hitler with an excellent opportunity. Hitler called the economic crisis "the incompetence of the government", which was the result of the government's acceptance of the Treaty of Versailles and war reparations and the implementation of the "socialist" policy, and was the destruction of Germany by the Republic and successive governments.
After Hitler became the head of the Third Reich, he promised to "let every family in Germany have milk and bread on the table", which was realized in the early days of Nazi Germany (1938), thus making more people support Hitler. Nazi policies encouraged women to have children and stay at home. 1934 in his speech to the national socialist women's organization in September, Hitler believed that "the world of German women is husband, family, children and home." Hitler supervised the largest construction projects in German history, such as dams, highways and railways. However, these did not have a concrete impact on the large-scale unemployment in Weimar period. Hitler's government sponsored the establishment of a huge and magnificent building, and together with the national chief architect speer, Hitler's re-understanding of German classical culture was established. While cleaning up the internal affairs politically, Hitler also brought the economy into the orbit of state control, adapting to political needs and implementing compulsory production, which was more conducive to expanding the army and preparing for war. Then Hitler began to implement his plan. 1934 At the end of September, Hitler issued a secret rearmament order, and by the spring of 1935, he publicly announced his plan to expand the national defense force from 654.38+million to 300,000. This is a flagrant violation of the Treaty of Versailles, which immediately aroused strong opposition from western countries. France, Britain and Italy all protested and reached a defense agreement, but everything just stayed on paper and was never implemented. Hitler is convinced that there are a group of useless guys here, as useless as his former domestic political opponents. As long as he resolutely puts a fait accompli in front of these guys, they will be helpless and let it go. So,1on March 7, 936, Hitler brazenly announced the abolition of the Locarno Convention, regardless of the provisions of the Treaty of Versailles, and sent 30,000 German troops into the demilitarized zone of the Rhine River to set up fortifications along the western border of Germany. At this time, as long as France, Britain and other western countries made a slight move, Hitler would retreat, but they were only satisfied with protests and did not take any practical countermeasures, which made Hitler more daring and accelerated the pace of outward expansion.
1936165438+1October, Germany and Japan concluded an international agreement against the production of * * *, and Italy joined this agreement in September 1937. Germany, Italy and Japan formally formed a fascist group, and the axis of the three countries was formally formed. Hitler finally got rid of the shackles of the Treaty of Versailles and the isolated diplomatic situation. So, 1937, 165438 10. On 5 October, Hitler called the Minister of Defence, the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Force and the Minister of Foreign Affairs, and announced to them that the living space problem in Germany would be solved between 1943 and 1945 at the latest, and the occupation would be occupied. Conquering Austria and Czechoslovakia was his first goal. At this time, Germany's military strength has reached a considerable scale, and its economic situation has further improved. So Hitler felt that he had capital and began to implement his own plan. On March 1938, 1 1, Hitler took the first step of his aggression and expansion in central Europe with the help of Austrian pro-Germans and Nazis. Britain and France just let Hitler's actions go. After the annexation of Austria, Hitler planned to operate on Czechoslovakia. He aimed at the reluctance of Britain, France and other countries to bear the risk of war, and through the infamous Munich Agreement signed by the leaders of Britain, France, Germany and Italy in the early morning of September 30, 938, the Sudetenland was annexed to Germany without firing a shot. 1939 In March, Hitler tore up the Munich Agreement and occupied the whole territory of Czechoslovakia without bloodshed. Britain and France did not take any significant measures against Hitler's behavior except to make oral protests.
In view of the lack of sincerity in the negotiations between Britain and France, the Soviet Union secretly wooed Germany and continued to pursue the policy of appeasement. In order to protect the security and interests of the Soviet Union, Stalin decided to abandon the confrontation with Britain and France against Nazi Germany, and instead maintained superficial friendly relations with Nazi Germany, in order to gain time and space to deal with possible military actions of Nazi Germany in the future. On the other hand, Hitler was willing to sign a non-war treaty with the Soviet Union in order to carry out the "white plan" of attacking Poland formulated by1April 3, 939, and avoid premature conflict with the Soviet Union and the difficult situation of fighting on two fronts. Finally, on August 23, 1939, the Soviet-German non-aggression treaty was signed with Nazi Germany. Hitler got rid of the fear of two-front war and was able to get food and raw materials from the Soviet Union.
On September 1939 and 1 day, Hitler announced to Germany that Germany had been invaded by Poland, and Germany was forced to fight back. Subsequently, Britain and France were forced to declare war on Germany and World War II broke out in an all-round way. 1940 In April, Hitler began to carry out his secret order to attack France, Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg issued in June 1939+00. But he first captured Denmark and Norway to ensure that Germany had a strategic maritime base and Sweden's iron ore and sand supply. Then, from May 10 to May 28th, the Germans were ordered to capture the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg. 13 in may, the Germans invaded France on a large scale. On June 22, France was forced to sign the surrender letter to Germany at the Compiegne station where Germany signed the surrender letter at the end of World War I. ..
After the occupation of France, Hitler's opponent was only Britain, which was severely weakened in the Dunkirk retreat. Hitler first induced peace with Britain on the condition that Britain must recognize Germany's dominant position at sea, but failed. He ordered the implementation of the "sea lion plan" to land in Britain, but failed to implement it. 1In the summer of 940, Hitler made the "Barbarossa Plan" to invade the Soviet Union. 1940 18 February 18, Hitler instructed the Germans to "prepare to defeat the Soviet Union with a quick victory before the end of the war against Britain". At this time, Hitler saw that the Soviet Union was also stepping up preparations. In order to avoid being caught in a double battle, he decided to solve the Soviet Union, the biggest obstacle for him to dominate Europe. Hitler believes that Britain has been expelled from the European continent, and it is impossible to become a worry for Germany's eastward advancement in the short term, and "once the Soviet Union is defeated, Britain's last hope will be shattered." Before Hitler attacked the Soviet Union, he had occupied Europe 14 countries and turned Romania, Hungary, Bulgaria and Yugoslavia into his vassals. After a brief victory at the beginning of the war, the Germans began to decline. First, he was defeated at the gates of Moscow. A year later, he suffered a decisive defeat in Stalingrad and was forced to turn to the defense. Facts have proved that it is difficult for him to fight a war of attrition on Soviet territory in vast expanse. With the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on February 7th, 194 1, Hitler was forced to declare war on the United States. 1February, 943, Germany suffered a crushing defeat in Stalingrad and began to retreat. 1944, when he had disappeared from public places.
On April 1945, American President Roosevelt passed away. After learning this news, Hitler suddenly gave birth to the hope that the war would turn, and this atmosphere of hope lasted until Hitler's birthday on April 20. On April 22, Berlin was surrounded by the Soviet Red Army for three quarters, and then Hitler woke up from a big dream. He groaned: "The war has been defeated, and I will stay in Berlin. As long as the time comes, I will end my life with a pistol. " But at the same time, he also lambasted the people of China: "The armed forces abandoned me, and my generals were all straw bags. If my orders were not carried out, everything would be over, and Germany failed to complete my task for the whole nation." On April 27th, Berlin was completely surrounded by Soviet troops. On April 28th, Hitler's wartime ally Mussolini of Italy was captured by guerrillas and shot. On the same day, Hitler learned that his deputy Himmler was trying to negotiate with western powers; At this point, Hitler was completely deflated and felt that his end had arrived. He began to dictate his political will, but he still scolded the Jews and demanded that his successor "must do his best to abide by racial laws and ruthlessly resist the poison of international Jewish groups and all nationalities in the world." Shortly before midnight on April 28th 1945, Hitler and his mistress eva braun were formally married and baptized. On April 29th, Soviet tanks advanced to the zoo near the railway station. On April 30, after fierce fighting, the Soviet army finally captured the parliament building. At this time, Hitler's Chancellery was within the range of artillery fire. At 3: 30 pm, Hitler returned to the bunker in the basement and shot himself. Eva braun swallowed the poison at the same time. The bodies of the two men were wrapped in military blankets by attendants, carried to the garden of the Prime Minister's Office, poured with gasoline, and turned to ashes in the raging fire, and the ashes were buried in a cannonball pit.