The following year, Yao, Zheng Ci, Liu Jichi and others were ordered to rebuild, and all the books in Nanjing Wen Yuan Pavilion were opened. In the fifth year of Yongle (1407), the book was finalized and submitted. Ming Chengzu was very satisfied and personally prefaced it, and named it Yongle Grand Ceremony. Later, it was copied until the winter of the sixth year of Yongle (1408). Yongle Dadian collected seven or eight thousand kinds of ancient and modern books, 22,937 volumes, 1 1095 volumes, about 3.
With 700 million words, it is an unprecedented encyclopedia of China literature. After the completion of the Yongle Grand Ceremony, it was not printed, only a copy was made and kept in the palace.
At the end of Jiajing, it was copied into an imitation, and the original was gone. The manuscripts of Yongle Dadian were not well collected in Qing Dynasty and were lost one after another.
It was burned and looted by Eight-Nation Alliance in modern times. At present, there are only over 400 volumes of Jiajing's Yongle Dadian in the world, including 223 in China and 22 1 in the National Library.
Yongle Dadian contains more than 8,000 kinds of classics from pre-Qin to early Ming Dynasty. In addition to the famous classics and historical subsets, there are various works of philosophy, literature, history, geography, religion, medicine and divination, covering all kinds of images. It is the largest encyclopedia in the history of China, more than 300 years earlier than the famous Encyclopedia Britannica. In addition, Yongle Dadian also contains many precious classics that have been incomplete or lost in later generations, such as Xue's Liao Lulve and Notes on Water Classics in Song Dynasty. All the materials it quoted completely copied the original text and preserved the original appearance of many precious documents, so people called it "the treasure house of rare books and cheats before the Ming Dynasty".
The arrangement of Yongle Dadian is very scientific, which is somewhat similar to the pinyin retrieval method of dictionaries today, except that it is based on Hongwu Zheng Yun in Ming Dynasty, and the style is "using rhyme to unify words and use words to settle things", that is to say, there are many words under each rhyme, and each word is included in the relevant pictures of Yongle Dadian, such as astronomy, geography, personnel, celebrities, poems and songs.
What is the largest encyclopedia in the history of China? What is the largest encyclopedia in the history of China? The original and copy of Yongle Dadian are handwritten and beautifully bound. It is a rare treasure in ancient books. Yongle Dadian is a large-scale book compiled in Yongle period of Ming Dynasty. After Ming Chengzu ascended the throne, he asked Jie Jin and others to write a book, which was first written in the second year of Yongle (1404) and was named "Literature Integration". Ming Chengzu was not satisfied with this.
The following year, Yao, Zheng Ci, Liu Jichi and others were ordered to rebuild, and all the books in Nanjing Wen Yuan Pavilion were opened. In the fifth year of Yongle (1407), the book was finalized and submitted. Ming Chengzu was very satisfied and personally prefaced it, and named it Yongle Grand Ceremony. Later, it was copied until the winter of the sixth year of Yongle (1408). Yongle Dadian collected seven or eight thousand kinds of ancient and modern books, 22,937 volumes, 1 1095 volumes, about 3.
With 700 million words, it is an unprecedented encyclopedia of China literature. After the completion of the Yongle Grand Ceremony, it was not printed, only a copy was made and kept in the palace.
At the end of Jiajing, it was copied into an imitation, and the original was gone. The manuscripts of Yongle Dadian were not well collected in Qing Dynasty and were lost one after another.
It was burned and looted by Eight-Nation Alliance in modern times. At present, there are only over 400 volumes of Jiajing's Yongle Dadian in the world, including 223 in China and 22 1 in the National Library.
Yongle Dadian contains more than 8,000 kinds of classics from pre-Qin to early Ming Dynasty. In addition to the famous subset of white classics, there are various works of philosophy, literature, history, geography, religion, medicine and divination, covering all kinds of images. It is the largest encyclopedia in the history of China, more than 300 years earlier than the famous Encyclopedia Britannica. In addition, Yongle Dadian also contains many spiritual idols that were mutilated or lost by later generations.
Yongle Dadian is not only huge in length and extensive in collection, but also neat in handwriting. All the words in the book are regular script written with a brush, with eight lines in each half page, one line in big characters and two lines in small characters, each with 28 words; There are also many beautiful illustrations in Yongle Dadian. Mountains and rivers are all drawn in simple ways, with vivid shapes. The book is a hardcover, wrapped in coarse yellow cloth, elegant and solemn, and is regarded as a rare treasure by experts and scholars at home and abroad.
According to you, the first encyclopedia in Qing Dynasty should refer to Sikuquanshu. However, it is incorrect to call Sikuquanshu an encyclopedia. More accurately, SikuQuanShu should be a set of books.
China's ancient encyclopedias are similar to those in the West, such as Taiping Yu Lan in the Song Dynasty, Yongle Grand Ceremony in the Ming Dynasty and Integration of Ancient and Modern Books in the Qing Dynasty. Books are arranged according to items, and words are sorted out from various books to explain items, while the four major databases classify the whole book into encyclopedias according to historical subsets. Therefore, the ancient books we see today in Taiping Yu Lan and other books are often incomplete, but it enables us to see some fragments of ancient books that have been lost today.
For example, Song Yaohui has long been lost, but Song Yao Draft was compiled from Yongle Dadian in Qing Dynasty. Although incomplete, it still provides important help for the study of Song history, especially because of the loss of Yongle Dadian, which is precious.
Who recorded the encyclopedia? Encyclopedia belongs to scientific and cultural books.
Lowest price? 434.00 is in Dangdang.
Intelligent book channel integrates the parameter information of Tibetan encyclopedia from multiple suppliers to present the most authoritative performance parameters and technical parameters for you. You can choose your own performance parameters such as weight, volume, thickness, color and price. SMARTER will help you make the smartest purchase choice. Publisher: people in Xizang Publication date: August 0, 2005100: 00 The Encyclopedia of Tibet (hereinafter referred to as the Encyclopedia) is a book. It is a large authoritative reference book that uses the theory and method compiled by encyclopedia to scientifically sort out and judge the value of various related materials in Tibet and is recognized by experts. The compilation and publication of the whole book is a basic cultural construction in Tibet, which is of great significance to promoting Tibet's reform, opening up and spiritual civilization construction. It provides a new reference book for readers at home and abroad to understand and study Tibet, which is convenient for retrieval and systematic reading. The modern encyclopedia is the most influential reference book in the world. The compilation of the whole book is a symbol of Xizang Autonomous Region's social development, economic prosperity and cultural progress. The book is about 2 million words, mainly composed of Xizang Autonomous Region (monograph), text and annexes (memorabilia, index, etc.). ), a total of 1284 entries, covering history, geography, politics, economy, culture and other aspects, mainly large and medium-sized entries. A single volume encyclopedia can't contain all the information of Xizang Autonomous Region. According to the basic compiling principle of world-famous encyclopedias: "Choose the most important and valuable information", the compilers condensed it into various types of entries. Encyclopedia pays attention to the collection and arrangement of physical geography and historical and cultural knowledge, reflects the achievements of contemporary Tibet in all aspects with rich and accurate materials, and allows readers with different cultural backgrounds to fully understand Tibet through encyclopedia.
The world-famous Yongle Dadian is the largest encyclopedia in the world and a large-scale book compiled during the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty. It has 22,877 volumes, 60 volumes, 65,438+065,438+0095 volumes, and about 370 million words. There are seven or eight thousand kinds of books, including classics, history, philosophers, collections, Buddhist scriptures, Taoist scriptures, northern operas, southern operas, storytelling, engineering, agriculture and medicine. From the pre-Qin Dynasty to the early Ming Dynasty, it was the treasure of chinese heritage and the largest encyclopedia in the world. It took six years to edit Yongle Dadian. In the first year of Yongle (A.D. 1403), Judy of Ming Taizu ordered Xie Jin, a bachelor of Hanlin, to compile a large book. So Xie Jin called 147 people, and in the second year he compiled an integrated book entitled "Literary Masterpiece".
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Three years ago, JIMMYWALES co-developed a completely open online encyclopedia-Wikipedia. Any online user can supplement and modify the encyclopedia. Today, Wikipedia has more than 654.38+00,000 explanatory entries, surpassing Britannica to become the largest encyclopedia in the world.
Three years ago, British computer programmer Wells founded Wikipedia, which is a free online encyclopedia. The difference between Wikipedia and other encyclopedias is that it does not rely on a few professional scholars to write content. On the contrary, thousands of ordinary netizens around the world can visit the encyclopedia website at will and add entries to it.
Recently, Wikipedia has just exceeded one million entries (of which 300,000 are in English and the rest are in 40 other languages), of which 65,438+06,000 are in Chinese. It has become the largest encyclopedia in the world, three times that of the 233-year-old Encyclopedia Britannica. Quite a few professional researchers have become users of Wikipedia, although they will be cautious when using it.
In fact, if the standard of the best encyclopedia is only that the content must be correct, then Wikipedia does have some problems. In the world of Wikipedia, any registered member can change the content of the encyclopedia at will. Users on Wikipedia once declared that "Wikipedia cannot guarantee the accuracy or even correctness of the information it publishes."
Nevertheless, with the growth of Wikipedia, the infinite enthusiasm of users covers up the small problem of inaccurate information. On average, 65,438+0,900 users make at least 65,438+0,000 content changes on each Wikipedia series website every month. These "main authors of Wikipedia" monitor every change of every item they are interested in and take nothing. Each of these people has their own watch list, and once someone intentionally destroys or violates the information neutrality regulations of the website, they will immediately correct the information.
More complicated situations also happen from time to time. On some sensitive topics, there are often questions about how to express them, such as Kerry's recent record of serving in the Vietnam War. To this end, Wells, the founder of the website, opened a discussion forum and a series of formal dispute resolution mechanisms.
Wells registered a non-profit Wikipedia foundation in Florida. It has no full-time employees and no fixed sources of funds, such as venture capital. But in 2004 alone, Wells received more than $654.38 million in donations from Wikipedia enthusiasts, which was enough for them to buy and update servers.
Wikipedia official English website:: //en.wikipedia/wiki/Main_Page.
The official Chinese website of Wikipedia://zh.wikipedia/wiki/%E9% A6% 96% E9% A1%B5.
Wikipedia official traditional Chinese website://zh.wikipedia/wiki/%E9% A6% 96% E9% A0% 81
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