The earliest site of Shanghai Museum is the Shanghai Library on Nanjing Road, which was built at 1935. Seven years later, I moved to Zhonghui Bank Building, South Henan Road. The new museum is located at the southern end of People's Square in the city center, covering an area of 33 mu. There are two floors underground and five floors above ground, with a height of 29 meters and a total investment of 4.3 billion yuan. /kloc-0 started construction in September, 1993;/kloc-0 completed the decoration of the main structure and exterior wall in September, 1994;/kloc-0 officially opened the museum at the end of 1995. It is a building with a square base and circular overhangs, and its shape means "round place" in China. It not only has the form and significance of the basic surface and steps of China traditional architecture, but also has the oriental garden style that embodies modern science and technology and the spirit of the times. Looking at the museum from a distance, the circular roof and the upper arc of the arch make the whole building look like an ancient bronze ware in China; If you look down at the museum from a height, the roof plane is like a huge pattern of regular mirrors in the Han Dynasty. At night, the glass illumination ball with the middle dome span of 13 meters is more like a shining luminous pearl under the floodlight. The museum has four towering art sculpture arches to record the evolution of words and history; The artistic stone carving of Eight Lions Tianlu in front of the right door expresses the incomparable brilliance of Chinese culture.
Shanghai Museum has a total construction area of 3,800 square meters, 2 floors underground and 5 floors above ground, with a building height of 29.5 meters and a total investment of 430 million yuan. The interior of the museum is divided into six areas by function. The first to fourth floors are 12 special museum and two temporary exhibition halls for bronzes, ceramics, calligraphy, paintings, sculptures, jade articles, coins, ethnic minorities and handicrafts, which is more than twice the exhibition area of the old museum. The equipment design of Shanghai Museum meets the "Ten Preventions" requirements of earthquake prevention, lightning protection, fire prevention, theft prevention, insect prevention, moisture prevention, drying prevention, light prevention, dust prevention and pollution prevention. At present, Shanghai Museum has 1.2 million treasures and 200,000 specialized books in Chinese and foreign languages, which is known as "half of the cultural relics" in China and enjoys a high reputation in the world.
In terms of internal functions, the new museum has advanced facilities, reasonable layout and scientific process, which can meet the needs of three basic functions: exhibition, scientific research and cultural relics protection. The whole museum is divided into six areas: open area, storage area, academic area, scientific research area, management area and equipment area. The distribution of each region is clear, independent and reasonable, and does not interfere with each other.
All the exhibits in Shanghai Museum are divided into 12 professional museums, namely, Bronze Museum, ceramics museum, Painting Museum, Calligraphy Museum, Sculpture Museum, Coin Museum, Jade Museum, Furniture Museum, Yin Xi Museum, National Arts and Crafts Museum, Porcelain Showroom donated by Mr. Hu Huichun and Western Art Museum.
Bronze Museum: Bronzes of Shang and Zhou Dynasties are the treasures of ancient culture in China. Bronzes handed down from ancient times are scattered in museums in the United States, Britain, France, Germany, Japan and other countries, and each piece has a certain number. In recent 40 years, a large number of cultural relics have been unearthed in Shaanxi, Henan, Shanxi, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan and other provinces, but the systematic collections are the Palace Museum in Beijing, the Palace Museum in Taipei and the Shanghai Museum. Bronzes collected in Shanghai Museum are characterized by long inscriptions and heavy descriptions. The new exhibits also enrich some important cultural relics rescued by curator Ma Chengyuan in Hong Kong in the past three years, especially the Jin Hou wares of the Western Zhou Dynasty and the Qin Gong wares of the early Qin State. The bronze museum will also arrange the casting process and simulation display of ancient bronzes.
Ceramics museum: It is the epitome of Chinese ceramic history. From painted pottery in primitive society to primitive porcelain in Shang and Zhou Dynasties, celadon in the Eastern Han Dynasty and the Three Kingdoms and the Western Jin Dynasty, along the development track of ceramics, it has been exhibited to the official kiln in Jingdezhen in Ming and Qing Dynasties. At the same time, there are also simulated exhibitions of ancient porcelain workshops and porcelain kilns.
Gallery: Shanghai Museum mainly collects literati paintings in Ming and Qing Dynasties. The exhibits include Gao Tu in the Tang Dynasty, Summer Mountain Tu by Dong Yuan in the Five Dynasties, Wan He Tu in the Northern Song Dynasty, Liu Yan Tu and other national treasures, as well as original works by famous artists in the Southern Song Dynasty, Yuan Dynasty, Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty.
Calligraphy Museum: The division of calligraphy and painting into two specialized museums is the result of the painstaking collection of the older generation of experts and the gradual formation of a strong collection. There are calligraphy works in Oracle Bone Inscriptions, Zhou Zhou Jinwen, Shi Guwen, Qin and Han Dynasties, Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties.
Sculpture Hall: Apart from displaying some wood carvings and pottery sculptures, it is mainly made of stone carvings. There are sculptures in the Northern Wei, Northern Qi, Northern Zhou, Sui and Tang Dynasties, as well as rare southern stone carvings and bronze Buddha statues.
Coin Museum: China has a history of using metal coins for more than 3,000 years, and the Shanghai Museum has a relatively complete collection of ancient Chinese coins. At this time, we not only collected bronze iron castings and gold coins from the Warring States period, but also exhibited gold banknote-free editions and gold and silver coins from the Ming and Qing Dynasties, as well as gold and silver coins from countries along the Silk Road.
Jade Museum: Jade treasures from prehistoric times and after three generations will be displayed with specially designed lights.
Furniture Hall: There are three exhibition halls: hall, study room and bedroom, which display the Ming and Qing collections and a large number of Ming-style furniture donated by Mr. Zhuang Min from Hong Kong. China's ancient furniture has always been cherished by people, and the exhibition here will certainly arouse the strong interest of domestic and foreign audiences.
Seal Hall: The seals of China are important materials for studying the politics, economy, military officials, literature and art of each dynasty. The exhibits in the museum are mainly the seals of the Warring States, the official seals of the two Han Dynasties and the seals of the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
National Arts and Crafts Museum: China is a unified multi-ethnic country. Over the years, Shanghai Museum has collected a number of costumes and various handicrafts of ethnic minorities all over the country. A new museum has been set up to introduce the arts and crafts of ethnic minorities to the general audience.
Porcelain showroom donated by Mr. Hu Huichun: It displays the porcelains donated by Mr. Hu Huichun in the past dynasties, such as white glazed ware in the Northern Song Dynasty and a batch of glazed ware in the official kiln in the Qing Dynasty, which are very precious.
Western Art Museum: The excellent artistic traditions of any nation and any country should be the wealth of all mankind. At present, the new museum is short of western art collections, and various exhibitions will be held through various channels to introduce outstanding western art works to the audience.
The exhibits in the Shanghai Museum fully reflect the glorious course of China's ancient art development for 6,000 years. Within the exhibition area of 12000 square meters, the treasures in the museum will be replaced regularly under the automatic control of environmental temperature and humidity, bringing more social benefits to all kinds of cultural relics. Several special exhibition halls will provide the latest cultural relics unearthed in various provinces and cities. Shanghai Museum will become a center for exhibition, exchange and research of art and cultural relics at home and abroad. The new museum is managed by the latest international scientific and technological means. All the explanations in the special exhibition room were programmed into the computer, and the narrator was replaced by the listener. Press the button according to the number of the cultural relics, and the audience can choose any cultural relics to explain the voice, including Chinese, English, Japanese and other languages. There are computer-controlled cameras in the exhibition room to provide various related cultural relics and professional knowledge.