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The female regent in Russian history: Sophia alekseev.
Sophia alekseev (1657 September17-1704 July 3) Russian princess, daughter of Tsar Alexei I, sister of Peter I, female regent in Russian history and princess of Russian empire.

After Peter I came to power, she tried to seize power and was exiled to Nepal by Peter until her death. Mother is Maria Ilinich Miloslav Skaya, born in Moscow, Kremlin, 1657, and is the core figure of Miloslavski consortium. Regent in1682; 1689 was sent to Notre Dame Abbey, where he spent the rest of his life. She is the prototype of Princess Sophia in Jin Yong's novel Duke of Lushan.

Sophia is the third daughter of Tsar Alexei I and his first wife Maria Miloslav Skaya. 1682, her younger brother, the new czar fyodor alexeyevich, died. In order to maintain the status of the Miloslavski family, Sophia used the power of shooting troops to launch a musketeer coup, making Russian Ivan V of Russia and Peter I both czars and regents themselves. After she became Regent, she exiled her half-brother Peter, who was only 10 years old, and his matriarchal family to Huangcun. And because Russia's Ivan V of Russia was weak, he was in power jointly with Vasily Gorychin.

Soon after, in the same year, the opposition launched a rebellion, and Sophia and * * * were forced to flee from the Kremlin to the monastery of St. Sergey of Trinity College. Because of this, she was nominally forced to give the position of Regent to Ivan Horvinsky, but with the support of the shooting army, she still retained real power.

1689, Peter I got married and prepared to take charge, but Sophia did not intend to return to politics. Shaklovitti, the leader of the shooting army, even suggested that she call herself the czar directly. However, since most of the filming troops are in the suburbs of Moscow where Peter lives, Peter knows about this conspiracy. Sophia knew that she was in danger, so she sent messengers to beg Peter to take care of the royal family. Peter was unmoved, executed Shaklovitti and exiled Gorizin. Sophia herself was persuaded by the Senate to enter the new holy monastery without formal ceremony.

Ten years later, the archers plotted to welcome Sophia back to power while Peter was abroad. But Peter soon returned to the riots. Sophia was officially ordained as a nun because she was suspected of participating in it, and even other nuns were not allowed to see her except Easter. She died six years later.

When Sophia was in power, some concessions to fugitive serfs caused dissatisfaction among landlords. In addition, during her administration, the major events in Russia were: 1686 signed a non-aggression treaty with Poland; 1689 signed the treaty of Nebuchadnezzar Chu with the Qing dynasty; Conquer the Crimean peninsula that belonged to the Ottoman Empire at that time.

Someone's (unfortunate) fate

Princess Sophia is the core figure of Miloslavski consorts group, and the sister of Russian fedor III and Ivan V of Russia. 167 1 year, the queen of Miloslav, Skaya, died, and the tsar married Queen Natalya kirilov as his second wife, and gave birth to Peter I the following year.

1676, czar Alejandro died. Fedor III succeeded to the throne and the Miloslavski family came to power. Sophia kept a low profile at this time and retired behind the scenes. 1682 After fedor's death, Sophia joined the matriarchal family and prepared to support Russian Ivan V of Russia. But on the advice of some bishops, Peter I was pushed to the throne. Sophia instigated the shooting army to rebel and forced Natalya to hand over power. Russian Ivan V of Russia and Peter I became czars at the same time, and Sophia was the regent.

For seven years after Sophia's regency, Ivan V of Russia of Russia was left in the Kremlin, and Peter I and the Empress Dowager took refuge in Pleobra Rennes Dan Coe. During this period, she launched an expedition to Crimea, but failed. The princess did not hesitate to win over the shooting army by rewarding unwarranted contributions. In the official archives, her title is "Your Majesty".

1689, the czar and regent, who were suspicious of each other, had a final showdown, and the result ended in Sophia's fiasco. The Miloslavski family fell from power and influence, and the princess was sent to Notre Dame Abbey, where she spent the rest of her life.

Princess Sophia didn't do much during her regency, but her name is no stranger. This is mainly because her opponent is the famous Peter the Great. Besides, the princess is a smart and powerful person. However, what she lacks is not ambition, but political skill.

fight against

Princess Sophia is the daughter of Tsar Alexei I. There are many children in Alexei I. Strangely, all his sons are weak, but all his daughters are strong. Three of his first five sons died young. Prince Feodor suffers from a "bad disease". The little prince Ivan is not only weak, but also far less clever than others. Fortunately, the newly-married queen Natalya gave birth to a healthy son named Peter to the old czar, who was later the famous monarch of the Russian Empire-Peter the Great. In the novel, Sophia is portrayed as a smart and dissolute woman with white skin and beautiful appearance, but the real Sophia is dark, thick and tall, fierce and cunning.

1682 In April, Tsar fyodor died at the age of 20. As he had no children, his two brothers Ivan and Peter became heirs to the throne. Sophia supports her half-brother Ivan, and Queen Natalia naturally supports her son Peter. Because the traditional "Duma meeting" in Russia stood on the side of the Queen, 10-year-old Peter finally became the czar and natalia became the regent.

Will the ambitious Sophia want to live here? Soon, the shooting troops in Moscow provided her with an opportunity to make a new decision. At that time, the archers were responsible for guarding the capital Moscow, which was equivalent to China's "body guard". Shooting troops originally enjoyed many privileges. But when Tsar Feodor was in power, many of their privileges were cancelled, and officers began to deduct salaries and oppress soldiers. All these have aroused strong dissatisfaction from the shooting army. Only three days after the death of the tsar, the archers entered the palace because they had not been paid for a long time. As a result, natalia later fired 16 officers who opened fire and sentenced them to flogging. Sophia took the opportunity to spread rumors that the plight of the shooting army was caused by Natalia, who had killed Prince Ivan. The archers listened to rumors, turned their hatred to the Natalia family and launched a palace coup.

In the early morning, the alarm bell in Moscow gave a creepy cry, and the shooting army rushed into the palace and launched a massacre. Under Sophia's orders, they frantically searched for Natalia's brother Ivan naryshkin, because Sophia said he was the leader who hurt Prince Ivan. Naryshkin was scared to hide in the closet and under a mountain of bedding when he heard the news of the shooting army riot. The searching soldiers passed his hiding place again and again, but they couldn't find him. Then, the furious riot soldiers threatened: "If you don't kill naryshkin, you will kill all the dignitaries!" The aristocratic courtiers in Moscow were frightened and knelt down to plead with Queen Natalia. Natalia had to endure the pain and give up her brother. As a result, riot soldiers grabbed naryshkin by the hair and dragged him to the square. They tortured him first and then poked him with spears. Finally, naresh Jinda, who was still breathing, was dismembered and his head, arms and legs were nailed to a stake. Then, the officers of the shooting unit demanded that Ivan be crowned czar and rule with Peter. Otherwise, they will kill on a larger scale. The Duma agreed to this absurd request. Then, a strange thing happened in Russian history. Peter I and Ivan V of Russia were in power at the same time. The Duma also decided that 25-year-old Sophia would be the female regent. Sophia finally achieved her goal.

Act as regent

Sophia, as the Regent, naturally holds the real power, while the two little czars are just window dressing and can only go through formalities in religious ceremonies and diplomatic occasions. Little Peter was even driven out of the palace and moved to the imperial village outside the city with his mother. But Sophia is not satisfied with the situation that the three brothers and sisters are the main empire. Especially after seven years, when Peter grew into a tall, heroic and talented young man, she felt that her monopoly position was threatened. Last time, she seized the opportunity to become a female regent; This time, she wants to create an opportunity to seize the position of Russia's first female czar.

1689 Peter is married. According to the royal tradition, the czar should have the final say when he gets married, and the regent must hand over power. But Sophia didn't mean to abdicate, and even signed the title of "Your Highness or Grand Duke" on the official file, as if she wanted to be a female czar. At the religious ceremony held on July 8, Sophia decided to give Peter a fright. She defiantly joined the * * * in which only men can participate, holding a cross and an icon and strutting in front of the * * * team. Peter was furious and rode away at once. Shortly thereafter, the two sides turned against each other again. This time, the conflict was caused by the celebration ceremony in Crimea to welcome Gorizin's expedition back. The expedition was not successful, but Sophia wanted to reward Golitsyn with great fanfare, with the aim of wooing Golitsyn who mastered military power. To show his gratitude, Peter refused to take part in the celebration. Sophia thinks this kind of behavior is a direct provocation to her, and the relationship between the two sides has completely broken down, and the conflict is on the verge.

Soon after, Sophia got a tip-off: Peter had armed two legions and was ready to attack Moscow. Sophia urgently summoned Shaklovitti, the commander of the shooting army, and instructed him to make a coup plan. Shaklovitti held a secret meeting with the commander of the shooting army, and read out the plan to attack Huangcun and arrest Peter, his advisers and officers.

However, just three hours before the operation, some commanders wavered. They reported the coup plan to Peter. Peter immediately fled to a monastery with several confidants. The next day, defected officers led some troops, and Peter's cronies also set up a mercenary group to support them. With these troops, Peter's confidence has greatly increased. He sent someone to issue an order to all officers in Moscow, asking them not to act without authorization, or they would all be executed. Unwilling to risk an armed conflict with the troops supporting Peter, the shooting troops began to disobey Sophia's orders.

Peter also wrote to his brother Ivan, explaining his reasons and determination to eradicate Sophia. The letter wrote: "Your Majesty, my brother has grown up, and there are still some people around you who are in charge of China. It is tolerable to regard us as idle people!" This letter won Ivan's support for him and finally ended the court battle. In this way, Peter almost defeated Sophia's palace coup without firing a shot. Sophia was forced to become a nun in the monastery of Notre Dame on the outskirts of Moscow, where she spent the rest of her life. After Peter and his cronies came to power, Ivan, who was insane, only performed the duties of czar in name until his death in 1696. Since then, Peter has carried out the first modernization reform in Russian history, thus becoming a generation of heroes.