In a narrow sense, a book is a collection of papers with words and images. Books in a broad sense are all media for spreading information. However, some people think that Zishu is the abbreviation of "River Map" and "Luoshu".

brief Introduction of the content

An important part of books. In China, it originally referred to classics. Books include books, picture albums, pictures and other publications. A book is a work that records all kinds of knowledge on certain materials with symbols such as words and pictures, clearly expresses ideas, and makes a book. They are important tools for spreading all kinds of knowledge and ideas and accumulating human culture. With the development of history, it is constantly changing and changing in writing methods, materials used, binding forms and forms.

The Russian book книга comes from the religious language кънигы of ancient Slavic, which means letters, characters and letters. Buch, a German literary book, means writing board, which refers to the carved or ready-carved wooden board or strip. The Latin document lib br originally meant bark or papyrus stems used as writing materials, and was later used as a deed register, which also contained the meaning of literary works and papers.

The origin and development of books are closely related to the development of writing, language, literature, art, technology and science. It can be traced back to the inscriptions on stones, wood, pottery, bronzes, palm leaves, bones, birch bark and so on. The use of papyrus greatly promoted the development of books. Around the 30th century BC, Egyptian papyrus scrolls appeared, which was the earliest embryonic form of Egyptian books. The papyrus scroll is closer to the concept of modern books than the clay tablets of Sumer, Babylon, Assyria and Hittite. The earliest official book in China was The Concise Strategy, which appeared around the 8th century BC. Du Yu in the Western Jin Dynasty said in the Preface to the Spring and Autumn Classics: "The book of great events is based on policy, and the small things are simple." Before the invention of paper, bamboo slips were the main form of books in China. Bamboo and wood are cut into long and narrow bamboo chips or wood chips, which are collectively called Jane, and slightly wider rectangular wood chips are called "squares". Several compendiums are called "policies" (volumes) and also called "simple policies". A belt or rope used for weaving is called weaving. China's ancient records, such as Shangshu, Shijing, Chunqiu Zuoshi Biography, Guoyu, Shiji, the chronology of bamboo books unearthed in the Western Jin Dynasty and Sun Tzu's Art of War unearthed in Linyi, Shandong Province in recent years, are all written in bamboo and wood. Later, people wrote in silk, which was called silk book. "Mozi" has a record that "the book is on the silk and engraved on the stone". Silk is made of special silk, which is called "Silk Book" or "Silk Book", so it is also called "Silk Book". In the 2nd century BC, paper made of plant fibers appeared in China, such as Baqiao Paper unearthed in Xi 'an in 1957. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, after Cai Lun summarized the previous experience and improved it to make Cai Hou Paper (AD 105), paper became the main material of books, and the scrolls of paper gradually replaced bamboo and silk books. China first invented and actually applied woodcut printing. As early as the beginning of the 7th century, China had used woodcut to print books. Before the invention of printing, China's books were mainly scrolls. In the 10 century, books in the form of leaves appeared in China, which gradually replaced scrolls and became books in the same form all over the world. 165438+In the 1940s, Chinese movable type printing first appeared in the world and gradually spread to all countries in the world. East to Korea and Japan, south to Southeast Asian countries, west to the Middle and Near East to European countries, which promoted the production of books and the exchange and development of human culture. /kloc-in the 4th century, China invented overprint color printing. /kloc-in the middle of the 0/5th century, the German J. Gutenberg invented metal movable type printing. Movable type printing accelerates the production process of books and is widely used in European countries. From 15 to 16 century, an economical, beautiful and portable book was made. Elsevier, a Dutch company, printed pocket-sized books. From 15 to the beginning of 18 century, China compiled, edited and published many encyclopedias and series of publications-Yongle Dadian, Integration of Ancient and Modern Books, Sikuquanshu and so on. At the end of 18, the invention of paper machine promoted the production of paper and created favorable conditions for the mechanization of printing technology. At the same time, the emergence of lithographic printing with illustrations laid the foundation for offset printing. /kloc-At the beginning of the 9th century, the appearance of the fast cylinder platform printing machine and the invention of other printing machines greatly improved the printing capacity and adapted to the increasing demands of social politics, economy and culture for book production.

The function and function of books can be seen from the process of their emergence and development. It has the function of announcing, expounding, storing and spreading ideas and culture through continuous improvement of technical means on the basis of gradually obtaining light, durable and easy-to-record and copy materials. Books are one of the important symbols of human progress and civilization. In the 20th century, books have become the main tools for spreading knowledge, science and technology and preserving culture. With the rapid development of science and technology, besides books, newspapers and periodicals, other tools have gradually emerged and developed. But the role of books is irreplaceable by other communication tools or means. At present, whether in China or other countries, books are still an indispensable and important communication tool to promote social, political, economic and cultural development.

Historical source

The earliest book found so far is a book made of papyrus by ancient Egyptians 5000 years ago. By 1 century, Greece and Rome used animal skins to record national laws, history and other important contents, which was as important an ancient book form as China and Shang Oracle Bone Inscriptions. Before the invention of printing, books were copied by hand, and the cost and labor were quite high. In the Middle Ages, only a few churches, universities, nobles and governments used books. It was not until Gutenberg invented printing in the15th century that books became affordable for ordinary people and were widely spread. In the 1990s, with the popularity of the Internet, books got rid of the restriction of paper, and e-books became the development trend of books in the future because of their small space, easy dissemination and easy preservation.