Logistics information management is the unified planning and organization of logistics information resources, and reasonable control of the whole process of collection, processing, storage, retrieval, transmission and application of logistics information, so as to coordinate all links in the logistics supply chain, realize information sharing and interaction, reduce information redundancy and errors, assist decision support, improve customer relations, and finally achieve a high degree of unity of information flow, capital flow, business flow and logistics, thus improving the competitiveness of the logistics supply chain.
Information policy formulation
In order to realize the mutual recognition and utilization of logistics information among different regions, countries, enterprises and departments, and realize the smooth transmission and sharing of logistics supply chain information, a series of logistics information rules or norms must be determined, which is the formulation of logistics information policies, such as information format and accuracy, information transmission protocols, information sharing rules, information security standards, information storage requirements, etc.
Information planning
That is to say, from the strategic height of an enterprise or industry, we should make a long-term development plan for the management, development and utilization of information resources, determine the objectives and direction of information management, formulate tasks at different stages, guide the establishment of database systems and the development of information systems, and ensure the orderly progress of information management.
Intelligence gathering
That is, logistics information is collected through various means and channels to reflect the logistics system and its environment and provide materials and raw materials for logistics information management. Information collection is the biggest, most time-consuming and most labor-intensive link in the whole logistics information management. Pay attention to the following points when operating: First, analyze the information requirements before collection. Clearly understand when, where and how managers at all levels need information in the process of making management decisions and carrying out daily management activities, determine the level, purpose, scope, precision and depth of information demand, realize on-demand collection, and avoid the waste of people, money and materials caused by excessive information collection, or the narrow information collection will affect the use effect. Secondly, the collection work should be systematic and continuous. It is required that the information collected can objectively and systematically reflect the situation of logistics activities, record the economic activities in a certain period, and provide a basis for predicting the future development of logistics. Third, we should choose information sources reasonably. The choice of information source is related to the content of information and the purpose of collection. In order to achieve the set goal, we must choose the most effective information source that can provide the required information. There are many general information sources, so we should compare them, choose a large number, many types and reliable quality information source, and establish a fixed information source and channel. Fourthly, the management of information collection process should be planned to make the information collection process an organized and purposeful activity.
information handling
Information processing is to screen, classify, process and store the collected information according to the information needs of users, and process useful information for users. The content of information processing is as follows: 1. Information classification and summary. According to certain classification standards or regulations, the information is divided into different categories for summary, so as to facilitate the storage and extraction of information. 2. Information cataloging (or coding). Cataloging (or coding) refers to the use of certain codes to represent different information items. Storing information in ordinary ways (such as reference room, archives room and library) needs cataloging, and saving information with electronic computer needs to determine the code. In the case of a large number of information items and information, cataloging and coding are important means to systematize and organize information. 3. Information storage. Use the storage media of electronic computers and external devices to establish relevant databases to store information, or copy and store information through traditional paper media such as cards, reports and files. 4. Information update. Information has an effective service life, and invalid information needs to be eliminated, changed and supplemented in time to meet the needs of users. 5. Data mining. Information can be divided into explicit information and implicit information. Explicit information can be clearly expressed in language and can be encoded. Implicit information exists in people's personal behavior, world outlook, value pairs and emotions. It is often difficult to express or discover directly in some way, and it is also difficult to transmit and communicate. Implicit information plays an important role in directly transforming into effective actions, and its value is higher and wider than explicit information. Therefore, in order to give full play to the role of information, it is necessary to analyze, process and extract the explicit information and dig out the hidden information, which is the task of data mining. Data mining includes data preparation, data mining, model evaluation and interpretation, information integration and application. Firstly, the data accumulated in the database system is processed through data preparation, including selection, purification, speculation, transformation, reduction and other operations. Then, it enters the data mining stage, selects the corresponding algorithm parameters according to the relevant objectives, analyzes the data, and obtains the pattern model that forms hidden information. Through the evaluation and interpretation of the pattern model, the evaluation of the pattern model is completed according to the evaluation criteria, and the invalid and useless pattern models are eliminated. Finally, in the consolidation and application of hidden information, check the consistency of hidden information that constitutes the pattern model, eliminate the contradictions and conflicts between them, and then use the data analysis method to do secondary processing on the excavated information to form a professional, intuitive and visual data expression. This process is a continuous cycle, feedback and improvement process.
message passing
Information transmission refers to the process that information is sent from the information source and transmitted to the receiver through appropriate media and information channels. There are many ways of information transmission, which can generally be divided from different transmission angles. (1) From the information transmission direction, there are one-way information transmission mode and two-way information transmission mode. One-way information transmission means that the information source only transmits information to the information receiving source, without two-way information communication and exchange; Two-way information transmission means that the information sender and the information receiver participate in information transmission together, and the two sides communicate and transmit information, and the information flow is two-way. (2) From the level of information transmission, there are direct transmission and indirect transmission. The difference between the two transmission modes lies in whether the information is transmitted directly between the information source and the information receiver or through other personnel or organizations. (3) From the time and space of information transmission, there are time transmission mode and space transmission mode. The time transmission mode of information refers to the vertical transmission of information, that is, the continuous transmission of information flow in time is realized through the storage mode of information. Spatial communication mode refers to the wide spread of information in space. With the development of modern communication technology, television fax, laser communication and satellite communication have created conditions for the spatial transmission of information. (4) From the perspective of information transmission media, there are manual transmission and other non-artificial media transmission methods.
Information service and application
Service and application are important characteristics of logistics information, and the purpose of information work is to provide information for the use of interested parties. The service of logistics information mainly includes the following aspects: 1. Information publishing and dissemination services. According to certain requirements, the information content will be released or published in the form of news, publishing, radio, television, newspapers and magazines, audio-visual films, meetings, documents, reports, yearbooks, etc. , convenient for users to collect and use. 2. Information exchange services. Exchange information through various forms such as data borrowing, document exchange, achievement transfer, property right transfer and data sharing, and play the role of information exchange, publicity and utilization. 3. Information technology services. Including data processing, operation and maintenance of computers, photocopiers and other equipment, technical training, software provision, information system development services and other activities. 4. Information consulting service. Including public information provision, industry information provision, policy consultation, management consultation, engineering consultation, information intermediary, computer retrieval and so on. , collect information, find and provide information according to users' needs, or carry out targeted information research, information system design and development for users' logistics management problems, so as to help users improve their management decision-making level, realize information proliferation and amplification, and promote users' logistics management level with the improvement of informatization level.
As a dynamically developing concept, the connotation and extension of logistics information management are constantly developing with the deepening of logistics practice and the development of logistics management. In the early days of logistics information management, it was mainly manual management. When the computer appeared, with the development of information technology, the logistics information system based on information technology appeared. Logistics information system is a man-machine system that uses computer technology and communication technology to collect, sort out, process, store and serve logistics information. At first, the information processing of enterprises was mainly limited to sales management and procurement (production) management. Since the second half of 1960s, in order to meet the needs of intensified market competition, expansion of sales channels and reduction of circulation costs, the improvement of logistics information processing system has also made great progress. Especially, the progress of computer and data communication system has significantly improved the processing ability of logistics information. With the use of computers and communication systems, logistics information systems can quickly exchange information and handle a large amount of information, and also play a very important role in business processes, accounting treatment and management.
Logistics information management is the unified planning and organization of logistics information resources, and reasonable control of the whole process of collection, processing, storage, retrieval, transmission and application of logistics information, so as to coordinate all links in the logistics supply chain, realize information sharing and interaction, reduce information redundancy and errors, assist decision support, improve customer relations, and finally achieve a high degree of unity of information flow, capital flow, business flow and logistics, thus improving the competitiveness of the logistics supply chain.
Policy-making
In order to realize the mutual recognition and utilization of logistics information among different regions, countries, enterprises and departments, and realize the smooth transmission and sharing of logistics supply chain information, a series of logistics information rules or norms must be determined, which is the formulation of logistics information policies, such as information format and accuracy, information transmission protocols, information sharing rules, information security standards, information storage requirements, etc.
Information planning
That is to say, from the strategic height of an enterprise or industry, we should make a long-term development plan for the management, development and utilization of information resources, determine the objectives and direction of information management, formulate tasks at different stages, guide the establishment of database systems and the development of information systems, and ensure the orderly progress of information management.