Abstract: Early childhood is an important period for the initiation of rule consciousness and the formation of preliminary rules. However, how to make children independently balance various relationships in life and generate "independent" rules requires teachers to have good literacy and superb educational art. This paper tries to cultivate children's awareness of rules from daily teaching experiments.
Keywords: early childhood education; Rule consciousness; Cultivation method
Text:
With the continuous reform and development of pre-school education, the topic of "young to young" is no longer strange to us. To do a good job of connecting children, we must first cultivate children's awareness of rules. As the saying goes, there is no Fiona Fang without rules. People are social people. Adults must abide by certain social rules when they enter the society, and children must abide by the rules of kindergartens when they enter kindergartens. Of course, they must also abide by the rules of schools when they transfer from kindergartens to primary schools. The cultivation of children's awareness of rules is a bridge to help children step into primary school life and study smoothly, and it is also the cornerstone of children's communication and study with others. Therefore, the cultivation of children's awareness of rules is very important for children to enter primary school. Below, I want to share with you how to cultivate children's awareness of rules and help them prepare for school during the day's activities in kindergarten.
First, gradually establish children's awareness of rules in all aspects of daily life.
1, the penetration of time concept in rule consciousness.
Compared with primary schools, kindergartens are more relaxed in time and pay attention to the combination of education and protection. Children have more or less flexible time when they come to the park, leave the park, play games, have activities and eat. Unlike the strict time limit in primary schools, it can be said that the cultivation of time concept is one of the prerequisites for children to abide by the rules. Without the concept of time, they can't obey the corresponding rules. This aspect should start from kindergarten and begin to infiltrate in small classes. The children in the small class have just entered the park. Although they still need teachers' guidance and hints to a great extent, in fact, children are getting used to and familiar with what they do every day. By the middle class, children should be familiar with it. At this time, teachers should further improve their requirements and ask young children to strictly abide by them. When the class is large, you can take some illustrated activities, such as: guiding children to make a plan for the day with pictures or written records, and making all aspects of the day's activities, such as regional game rules, nap and lunch rules, to show what time should be done in all aspects of life and help children further consolidate the concept of time.
2. Rules of communication
Although young children are young, it is essential to cultivate them to know how to communicate with others and the rules of communication. In children's communication, there are often disputes over a book, a toy, a small chair, etc. Some people may think that disputes between children are bad things and should be helped to adjust, so once disputes between children occur, we will immediately take various measures to stop them. But in fact, this does not completely solve the problem. In the daily work of kindergarten, I try to participate as a "small partner". When a child has a dispute, I try not to be a "referee", but to participate in the children to find the cause of the dispute, discuss and coordinate, help the children master the correct communication skills, and at the same time infiltrate a certain sense of rules.
With the growth of children's age, their social circle is getting bigger and bigger, and children's companions are getting more and more, and a sense of rules is gradually formed. I encourage children to find friends with each other, guide them to use polite expressions in their daily lives, actively talk with children and teachers, carry out "happy activities for others", and guide children to start from small things, help each other, and gradually learn communication rules such as sharing, humility, cooperation, helping others and respect.
Second, cultivate children's awareness of rules in the activities in the activity area.
Children's enthusiasm for participating in activities in the activity area has always been high. In the activity area, children can choose their favorite toys and have fun, but "having fun" doesn't mean breaking the rules. In fact, children's awareness of rules is most obvious when they are active in the activity area. Whether it is a small class, a middle class or a large class, the creation of corners and the transmission of materials have certain rules. When children engage in corner activities, we should encourage them to explore and guide them to carry out activities according to the corresponding rules. Besides knowing the basic requirements of drawing in the art area, putting numbers in the math area and reading in the library area, you can also put some children's activity materials in the activity area that can easily promote the formation of children's rules. Such as: chess game materials, structural game materials, etc. In board games, whether it is chess, checkers or other board games, if children can't follow the rules in the process of playing chess, the game can't continue. In this way, children not only develop their intelligence while playing chess, but also further promote the development of rule consciousness.
Third, carry out various rules games to promote the internalization of children's awareness of rules.
Rules game is the most mature game in early childhood. This kind of game can improve children's logical thinking ability, including generalization and judgment ability, so that children's thinking is no longer limited to superficial forms. Every game has its own rules. Playing games frequently during the day's activities helps children to observe the rules of the game while experiencing happiness, and helps to form a sense of rules.
1, language game: you ask me and I answer. Only by listening carefully can children answer correctly. Small classes, children are young, mainly require children to listen carefully; In the middle class, in the form of guessing, let the children respond on the basis of quiet listening; Wait until the big class, and guide the children to speak in words in the form of answering games, such as a stick to hit the tiger, the tiger eats the chicken, the chicken eats the worm, and the worm stays in the stick. This is a game rule similar to the food chain, with strict speech rules, which is conducive to children's understanding of the rules of the game. Children can learn more knowledge while following the rules.
2. The role game A Doll's House. In the game, children need to decide to play different roles through mutual consultation and consciously abide by the rules of the game in order to have fun and play independently. For example, three children play together, one plays the role of mother, one plays the role of father and one plays the role of baby, but if all three compete to play the role of mother, I believe the game will be boring.
We often observe that children in large classes have begun to pay attention to the regularity of role behavior in role games, and they gradually realize that good children can't beat children. By playing the role of "teacher" in the game, children realize that teachers can teach their children knowledge, and children enter the game situation, share happiness together, tide over difficulties together, and unconsciously abide by the rules of the game.
3. The music game "Beat the Wolf". Music games have their own unique characteristics, which are different from other game forms. It has a beautiful melody and a certain story, and everyone involved in the activity needs to abide by certain rules. For example, in the music game "Kill the Wolf", everyone likes to dress up as a white rabbit, but to play the game, someone must dress up as a white rabbit, a wolf or a squirrel. The performances of various animals in the game should also be accompanied by music. The rabbit's music appeared, the wolf scrambled to perform, and the rabbit's brave and witty spirit could not be shown. So when I organize children to play games, I attach great importance to children obeying the rules. Only by obeying the rules can we exchange roles and children play their favorite roles. In music games, children should gradually realize the protective effect of activity rules on the activity itself, and let them know that they must learn to restrain their emotions and abide by certain rules in order to be happy.
Fourth, strengthen children's awareness of rules in outdoor activities.
In any case, children in large, medium and small classes always have the highest enthusiasm for participating in outdoor activities. Rules games in outdoor activities are difficult for children. It lets children know what the rules of the game are and how to restrain themselves with them. For example, in the process of organizing sports games, we first introduce the rules of the game to children, record their performance in time during the activities, urge children to abide by the rules of the game through rewards or punishments, and constantly strengthen their awareness of the rules through games. Let the children know that they should not only be quick in the competition, but also not violate the rules. Let children pay attention to obeying the rules, control their own violations, and let children know that the rules are everywhere, and they must abide by the rules no matter what they do.
Game: Bear and Stone Man. During the game, the teacher walked in front dressed as a bear. The child is behind the bear. Follow the bear. When the bear turns around, the child must stand still at once, like a stone man So as not to be eaten by bears. You can also exchange the roles of the two sides, let the children play the role of bears and look for opportunities to eat people. This game can train children's quick reaction ability and deepen their understanding of the rules.
Long jump competition. Competitive competitions often occur in middle and large classes, such as long jump. Children must jump forward at the same starting line in order to compete fairly.
It can be seen that through some competitive games, children can better feel the importance of obeying the rules. When they knew that they had violated the rules, they stopped insisting on winning and strictly followed the rules to win the first place in the next competition.
The establishment of rule consciousness can help children enter primary school smoothly. In kindergarten, we should correctly grasp the rules of the game and have a scientific understanding of the rules of the game, so as to formulate the rules of the game scientifically and reasonably, and help children to transform aimless "playing games" into "regular games", so that the cultivation of the awareness of rules will become the driving force for children to connect with each other and penetrate into every link of daily activities, thus better promoting the development of children and making them go smoothly.
Wu Jingru