10 Yangzhou Jiading Santufu refers to two things, namely:
1, Yangzhou 10:
Yangzhou 10th was also called Yangzhou Massacre. It refers to the massacre of Yangzhou people by the Qing army after Shi Kefa led them to stop the Qing army from invading the south and failed to defend the war. At that time, the survivor Wang Xiuchu's Ten Days in Yangzhou and the historian Ji's Ming Lue both recorded that the massacre lasted for ten days, hence the name "Ten Days in Yangzhou".
2. Three pictures of Jiading:
The third picture of Jiading is 1645, which is the first year of Hong Guang in Nanming and the second year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty. After the Qing army attacked Jiading, the Qing army slaughtered civilians in the city three times.
Extended data:
On the first 10 day in Yangzhou, Qi Xin, a citizen of Yangzhou, made concerted efforts to resist the enemy. According to the records of Shi Kefa Memorial Hall. In the battle to defend Yangzhou city, the people took an active part in the war. Some rushed to the top of the city to repair fortifications, some helped soldiers patrol the city, and even women, old and young went out to collect bricks and stones and lime to make swords, guns, bows and arrows. Fan Gang, a retired military commander, called a group of people with lofty ideals to join the guarding city team.
In order to get rid of her son's concern, the mother bumped into a stone tablet. After the city was breached, the citizens either died in street fighting with the Qing soldiers or committed suicide. More than 200 Yangzhou teenagers spontaneously organized themselves, ambushed the Qing army everywhere, and all died.
The students were noble and filial, and wrote on their skirts: "First, positive, indifferent, consistent with ancient and modern times", hanging themselves; Doctor Ba, painter Lu Yu, boat people Liu and Xu refused to die; There are countless women who refuse bring disgrace to oneself.
Is Yangzhou No.10 a Japanese conspiracy?
The Qing army attacked Yangzhou city and carried out a massacre. According to the "Ten Days in Yangzhou" circulated in Japan, it is recorded that "there are more than 800,000 records of checking and burning corpses, and those who throw themselves into the river behind closed doors are absent-minded, and those who are captured are absent-minded", which means that only more than 800,000 bodies have been found, excluding those who drowned, burned and captured. This figure was widely publicized by many anti-Qing people in the late Qing Dynasty, and many people still believe it. Various data show that the "10th Day of Yangzhou" does exist, but is it really credible in figures?
First, is there a population of 800,000 in Yangzhou?
According to historical records, the year of the largest population of Yangzhou Prefecture was the sixth year of Wanli, and the household registration and population status were "1472 16 households with a population of 8 17856", which means that Yangzhou Prefecture has 8 1 10,000 people. This is Yangzhou House, not Yangzhou City. Yangzhou Prefecture has jurisdiction over Gaoyou Prefecture, Taizhou, Tongzhou, Jiangdu, Ganquan, Yizheng, Xinghua, Dongtai and Baoying, which are collectively called "three states and six counties". Yangzhou has villages and cities. Obviously, it was impossible for all people in Yangzhou at that time to live in Yangzhou City, so Yangzhou City could not have a population of 800,000.
Yangzhou
At the beginning of the founding of New China, the area of Yangzhou City was 5 square kilometers, while it was only 3.9 square kilometers in the late Ming Dynasty. At that time, Yangzhou was far less prosperous than Yangzhou in Tang and Song Dynasties, and it was only a second-rate city at that time, so the city was smaller. 800,000 people can't all live within 5 square kilometers, let alone 3.9 square kilometers. It was not until the 1990s that Luwan District, the largest city in China, reached such a population density, which was impossible in Yangzhou hundreds of years ago. Yangzhou is one of the defense centers of Nanming. When the Qing army went south, local people and bureaucrats began to flee everywhere. After fleeing, there may not be much left.
For comparison, we can refer to the population of other cities in the south at that time. Nanjing was the largest city in the south at that time. Referring to the paper "A Preliminary Study on the Population Change of Nanjing in Ming Dynasty" written by the School of History and Culture of Wuhan University, we know that the population of Nanjing was only about 400,000 at the end of Ming Dynasty.
Shaving sequence
Second, Ten Days in Yangzhou is a fake book.
Yangzhou ten days
In the late Qing Dynasty, people at that time did not doubt the authenticity of the book for the need of anti-Qing. But times have changed, and it is a bit strange when people calm down and ponder this book carefully. After Meiji Restoration, Japan vigorously provoked the relationship between Manchu and Han in an attempt to disintegrate China. Among them, the famous Naito Hunan put forward that "there will be no China after the Ming Dynasty". During the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, Japan also widely opposed the proclamation "Yangzhou Ten Days Book". This time, it was suddenly "discovered" in a library in Tokyo, and it was hard to escape the suspicion of forgery.
Hu' nan naito
The book not only appeared at a very special time, but also changed the anonymous name in the past to Wang Xiuchu, a native of Jiangdu, claiming to be a witness and survivor of the "Yangzhou Ten Days". There are also many contradictions in its content. There are many mistakes and omissions in Yangzhou place names recorded in the book. Zhu Zhibo, a scholar in Yangzhou, once pointed out that this "Wang Xiuchu" is not only from Yangzhou, but even has never been to Yangzhou. In this book, no one except Shi Kefa has any historical records. The first sentence of "Ten Days in Yangzhou" is "On April 14th, Ji Youxia, Governor Shi Kefa confessed that the Yanghe River fell and staggered to Yangzhou". According to Ying Yanji's Green Phosphorus Waste, Baiyang River fell on the seventh day of the month1/kloc-0 the year before last, with a time difference of half a year.
Shi Kefa Memorial
In addition, when the Qing army entered the customs, senior officials at that time could not speak Chinese, and generals and ordinary soldiers did not understand Chinese. However, it is recorded in the book that Wang Xiuchu can clearly understand the exchanges between the Qing army and answer questions with the Qing army. Some scholars have analyzed the language of the book and found that it is not like the style of the late Ming Dynasty, but more like the style of the late Qing Dynasty or the Japanese. There is another flaw in the article. It is recorded in the article that the Qing army said: "Our generation has recruited Korea and captured tens of thousands of women, and none of them has lost their integrity." First of all, China people in the Ming and Qing Dynasties clearly called North Korea "North Korea", and only Japan called it "North Korea"; The "tens of thousands of captured women" recorded in the article is not recorded in the Qing Dynasty literature, nor in the Korean history books.
Qing army
Another big contradiction is that after the Qing army massacred 800,000 people on a large scale, it was recorded in the article that there were thousands of loads of relief food distributed to the people in Yangzhou, and many people came to collect the food and "ran out at once". When they grabbed the food, everyone "ignored their relatives and friends", and by the fifth day, "dozens of generations had covered it". Therefore, the survivors of Yangzhou City are not there. So if there really is a massacre and so many people can survive in the city, then the news will surely spread widely and people all over the country will know. However, at that time, the history books such as "National Deficiency" did not record this matter.
3. The contradiction between the Qing army's entry policy and the massacre.
The purpose of the Qing army entering the customs is not to plunder and defend the border like the ethnic minorities in the past, but to seize the world. Dourgen stipulated that the Qing army should not do anything wrong. Dourgen and the generals made an oath: "When going to the west, we will not kill innocent people, plunder wealth or burn houses. It is better to make an appointment than to make an appointment. " So the Qing army was welcomed by local people and bureaucrats in Beijing. When the Qing army invaded the Hong Guang regime, there was no reason for massacre. "Yangzhou Ten Days" explained that it was because the street fighting was cruel at that time, and the Qing army faced heavy casualties in the resistance, so it was slaughtered in anger. In fact, the street fighting in Yangzhou lasted only one day, which was quite smooth for the Qing army.
Dourgen
Secondly, according to the calculation of contemporary scholars, the total number of Qing troops entering the customs at that time was about 200 thousand, including more than 60 thousand troops stationed in Beijing. The North Korean envoy said in the "Korean King Report" that "if you listen to the words of the yamen, you will be tired of waiting for the summer." And the rest of the troops, but also to deal with Li Zicheng, Zhang, and other troops, and stationed in Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Shanxi, Shaanxi and other places, while leaving only about 30 thousand south to attack the regime. The reason why the Qing Dynasty didn't attack Yangzhou was that its troops were thin. 30,000 people slaughtered 800,000 people in Yangzhou 10 day, even though no one was equipped with modern weapons. In the face of the massacre, hundreds of thousands of people fought to the death, and their 30 thousand army was also difficult to parry.
Yangzhou fell on April 25, and the Qing army began to annex Jiangbei to attack Nanjing on May 5, and officially launched an attack on Zhenjiang in the south of the Yangtze River on May 8. According to "Ten Days in Yangzhou", on the second day of May, the massacre had stopped and the bodies had been disposed of. Then 800,000 bodies, no matter how reasonable, are difficult to complete in a short time, which will inevitably lead to plague and so on. However, the Yangzhou Massacre still lacks physical evidence. There must be a place to bury 800,000 bodies. As far back as the Warring States period, Zhao's 400,000 troops were being slaughtered, and there were also the remains of the Warring States period. 1 as proof. However, the 800,000 bones in Yangzhou City are hard to convince without the site as proof.
Of course, the lowercase of this article is not intended to deny this history, on the contrary, it is to clarify history. When the Qing Dynasty entered the customs, there were several massacres in the south of the Yangtze River, but the number was far less exaggerated than that recorded in Yangzhou Ten Days. In the ancient history of China, whenever a dynasty changed, its slaughter was inevitable, such as Xiang Yu, Chang Yuchun and Zhang. At that time, in order to overthrow the Qing dynasty, the Qing dynasty massacre was vigorously promoted. Now, times have changed From five ethnic groups to 56 ethnic groups, national unity is the theme of the times.
Is Yangzhou No.10 Middle School a national humiliation?
Of course, the tenth anniversary of Yangzhou in Qing Dynasty is true. Because Shi Kefa defended Yangzhou to the death, the Qing army suffered heavy losses. Aisingiorro, commander-in-chief of the Qing army, in order to vent his anger, ordered the slaughter of Yangzhou people for ten days without sealing the knife, and the corpses in Yangzhou were everywhere, piling up like mountains and rivers of blood. On the 10th, more than 800,000 Han people died in Yangzhou, and the heinous crimes committed by Manchu against Yangzhou people are countless!
Where is the Jiading massacre?
; ? The three maps of Jiading are now Jiading District of Shanghai. Jiading Santu refers to a historical event in which people in Jiading were forced to shave their hair after the Qing army entered the customs in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. The tonsure order issued by Dourgen, named "leaving hair and no head", caused a large number of rebels to be slaughtered, including many ordinary people who took refuge, which was one of the two atrocities of the Qing army.
Where are the three pictures of Jiading now?
The three maps of Jiading are now Jiading District of Shanghai. Jiading Santu refers to a historical event in which people in Jiading were forced to shave their hair after the Qing army entered the customs in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. As soon as the haircut order came out, it was strongly resisted by the people of Jiading City.
Dourgen's haircut order named "Leave your hair headless" led to the massacre of Li Chengdong, the executioner of the Qing army, in Jiading City. In addition to resisting the people who shaved their heads, many ordinary people took refuge, with nearly 100 thousand casualties, which was one of the two atrocities of the Qing army.
In Jiading District of Shanghai, we can still see many relics, such as Houhuang Bridge in the west of Jiading City and Houhuang Monument in Huilongtan Park. In Jiading Campus of Shanghai University, there is also an inscription written by Wu for this event, expressing his deep commemoration of this event.